Celtic languages
The Celtic languages (cel) include Welsh (cy), Breton (br), Cornish (kw), Irish (ga), Manx (gv), and Scottish Gaelic (gd). Most commonly spoken on the north-western edge of Europe, the languages are related with varying levels of mutual intelligibility.
The master plan involves generating independent finite-state transducers for each language, and then making individual dictionaries and transfer rules for every pair. The current status of these goals is listed below.
Status[edit]
The ultimate goal is to have multi-purposable transducers for a variety of Celtic languages. These can then be paired for X→Y translation with the addition of a CG for language X and transfer rules / dictionary for the pair X→Y. Below is listed development progress for each language's transducers and dictionary pairs.
Transducers[edit]
Once a transducer has ~80% coverage on a range of medium-large corpora we can say it is "working". Over 90% and it can be considered to be "production".
| name | language | native name | grouping | ISO 639 | formalism | state | stems | paradigms | coverage | location | primary authors | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -2 | -3 | |||||||||||
apertium-cym
|
Welsh | Cymraeg | Brythonic | cy
|
cym
|
lttoolbox | production | 11,015 | 702 | ~91.2% | apertium-cy-en (trunk) | Fran, Jim, donnek |
apertium-bre
|
Breton | Brezhoneg | Brythonic | br
|
bre
|
lttoolbox | working | 18,353 | 463 | ~88.6% | apertium-br-fr (trunk) | Fran, fulupjakez, guillaumebzh, drevalan |
apertium-gle
|
Irish | Gaeilge | Goidelic | ga
|
gle
|
lttoolbox | development | 8,768 | 1,155 | apertium-ga-gd (nursery), apertium-gle (incubator) | Fran, Jim, fulupjakez, skburke | |
apertium-glv
|
Manx | Gaelg | Goidelic | gv
|
glv
|
lttoolbox | development | 11,353 | 312 | apertium-ga-gv (incubator) | Fran, Jim, cos, skburke | |
apertium-gla
|
Scottish Gaelic | Gàidhlig | Goidelic | gd
|
gla
|
lttoolbox | prototype | 117 | 77 | apertium-gla (languages) | Fran, Jim, fulupjakez, jg18, skburke | |
apertium-cor
|
Cornish | Kernewek | Brythonic | kw
|
cor
|
lttoolbox | prototype | 322 | 132 | apertium-cy-kw (incubator) | Fran, Jim | |
Existing language pairs[edit]
Text in italic denotes language pairs under development / in the incubator. Regular text denotes a functioning language pair in staging, while text in bold denotes a stable well-working language pair in trunk.
| cym | bre | cor | gle | gla | glv | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cym | - | br-cy 1,181 |
cy-ga ? |
|||
| bre | br-cy 1,181 |
- | ||||
| cor | - | |||||
| gle | cy-ga ? |
- | ga-gd 7,877 |
ga-gv 22,897 | ||
| gla | ga-gd 7,877 |
- | ||||
| glv | ga-gv 22,897 |
- | ||||
| eng | cy-en 11,608 |
gle-eng 1,598 |
en-gd 862 |
en-gv 40 | ||
| epo | eo-br 3,722 |
|||||
| fin | fin-gle 181 |
|||||
| fra | br-fr 27,988 |
|||||
| pol | pl-ga 56 |
|||||
| spa | cy-es 8,798 |
br-es 11,760 |
Samples[edit]
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
| Language | Text |
|---|---|
| Irish | Saolaítear na daoine uile saor agus comhionann ina ndínit agus ina gcearta. Tá bua an réasúin agus an choinsiasa acu agus dlíd iad féin d'iompar de mheon bráithreachas i leith a chéile. |
| Manx | Ta dagh ooilley pheiagh ruggit seyr as corrym ayns ard-cheim as kiartyn. Ren Jee feoiltaghey resoon as cooinsheanse orroo as by chair daue ymmyrkey ry cheilley myr braaraghyn. |
| Scottish Gaelic | Tha gach uile dhuine air a bhreth saor agus co-ionnan ann an urram 's ann an còirichean. Tha iad air am breth le reusan is le cogais agus mar sin bu chòir dhaibh a bhith beò nam measg fhein ann an spiorad bràthaireil. |
| Breton | Dieub ha par en o dellezegezh hag o gwirioù eo ganet an holl dud. Poell ha skiant zo dezho ha dleout a reont bevañ an eil gant egile en ur spered a genvreudeuriezh. |
| Cornish | Pub den oll yw genys frank ha kehaval yn dynita ha gwiryow. Yth yns i enduys gans reson ha cowses hag y tal dhedhans gwul dhe udn orth y gila yn spyrys a vredereth. |
| Welsh | Genir pawb yn rhydd ac yn gydradd â'i gilydd mewn urddas a hawliau. Fe'u cynysgaeddir â rheswm a chydwybod, a dylai pawb ymddwyn y naill at y llall mewn ysbryd cymodlon. |
This article uses material from the Wikipedia article "Celtic languages", which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.
Vulnerability[edit]
This table summarizes the vulnerability of various Celtic languages. Data is derived from the ‘Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, © UNESCO, http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas’ and Ethnologue.
| Language | ISO639-3 | Location | Speakers | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethnologue | UNESCO | ||||
| Cornish | cor
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 0 | 9 (Dormant) | 4 (Critically endangered) |
| Manx | glv
|
Isle of Man & United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 0 | 8b (Nearly extinct) | 4 (Critically endangered) |
| Breton | bre
|
France | 225,000 | 8a (Moribund) | 3 (Severely endangered) |
| Irish | gle
|
Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 106,210 | 6b (Threatened) | 2 (Definitely endangered) |
| Gaelic, Scottish | gla
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 63,130 | 4 (Educational) | 2 (Definitely endangered) |
| Welsh | cym
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 536,890 | 2 (Provincial) | 1 (Vulnerable) |
