User:Sushain/GermanicLanguages

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The Germanic languages gem constitute a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken primarily in Europe, Anglo-America and Australasia. The common ancestor of all the languages is called Proto-Germanic, which was spoken approximately in the mid-1st millenium BC in Iron Age northern Europe. Of the over 50 different Germanic languages, the most widely spoken are English, German, and Dutch with over 400 million speakers.

The master plan involves generating independent finite-state transducers for each language, and then making individual dictionaries and transfer rules for every pair. The current status of these goals is listed below.

Status

The ultimate goal is to have multi-purposable transducers for a variety of Germanic languages. These can then be paired for X→Y translation with the addition of a CG for language X and transfer rules / dictionary for the pair X→Y. Below is listed development progress for each language's transducers and dictionary pairs.

Transducers

Once a transducer has ~80% coverage on a range of medium-large corpora we can say it is "working". Over 90% and it can be considered to be "production".

Germanic languages by subgroup

Pairs

Some Germanic languages that are particularly similar to one another (and hence have high levels of mutual intelligibility) include those in the following list:

Table of Existing Pairs

Text in italics denotes language pairs in the incubator. Regular text denotes a developing language pair in staging, while text in bold denotes a stable well-working language pair in trunk and text in bold and italics denotes a pair in staging. Bidix stems as counted with dixcounter are displayed below.

dan nor swe fao isl deu nld afr fry eng
dan - dan-nor
54,291		 sv-da
7,997		 da-fo
?		 isl-dan
971		 da-en
1,627
nor dan-nor
54,291		 - swe-nor
127		 nor-eng
24,371
swe sv-da
7,997		 swe-nor
127		 - is-sv
7,731		 deu-swe
1
fao da-fo
?		 - fo-is
896
isl isl-dan
971		 is-sv
7,731		 fo-is
896		 - is-en
8,699
deu deu-swe
1		 - de-nl
39		 en-de
569
nld de-nl
39		 - af-nl
6,263		 nld-fry
205		 en-nl
3,442
afr af-nl
6,263		 - en-af
6,590
fry nld-fry
205		 -
eng da-en
1,627		 nor-eng
24,371		 is-en
8,699		 en-de
569		 en-nl
3,442		 en-af
6,590		 -
ben bn-en
7,497
bul bg-en
10,242
cat en-ca
35,621
cym cy-en
11,608
ell ell-eng
?
epo eo-sv
4,013		 eo-de
28,656		 eo-nl
18,027		 eo-en
32,284
eus eu-en
14,325
fin fin-eng
11,289
fra fr-nl
1,744		 en-fr
13,445
gle en-ga
1,598
glg en-gl
22,723
hat ht-en
1,985
hbs sh-en
140
hin eng-hin
38,212
hun hun-eng
1,253
hye hye-eng
12,218
ita en-it
21,067
kaz eng-kaz
2,567
kir ky-en
?
lat la-en
131
lav en-lv
?
lit en-lt
96
ltz deu-ltz
?
lvs eng-lvs
2,694
mal mal-eng
109
mar mar-eng
102
mfe mfe-en
35
mkd mk-en
33,350
mlt en-mt
814
nep ne-en
163
nob sv-nb
291		 fo-nb
?
pol en-pl
6,541
por en-pt
6,828
rus ru-en
1,712
sco eng-sco
172
sin si-en
80
sme sme-deu
6
spa es-de
615		 en-es
30,151
sqi en-sq
580
tel eng-tel
1
tur tr-en
171
vie vi-en
33
de l nd nl af fy is fo sv da no
de - de-l
l l-de -
nd - nd-nl nd-af nd-fy
nl nl-nd - nl-af nl-fy
af af-nd af-nl - af-fy
fy fy-nd fy-nl fy-af -
is - is-fo
fo fo-is -
sv - sv-da sv-no
da da-sv - da-no
no no-sv no-da -

Samples

Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Language Text
Danish Alle mennesker er født frie og lige i værdighed og rettigheder. De er udstyret med fornuft og samvittighed, og de bør handle mod hverandre i en broderskabets ånd.
Swedish Alla människor äro födda fria och lika i värde och rättigheter. De äro utrustade med förnuft och samvete och böra handla gentemot varandra i en anda av broderskap.
Faroese Øll menniskju eru fødd fræls og jøvn til virðingar og mannarættindi. Tey hava skil og samvitsku og eiga at fara hvørt um annað í bróðuranda.
Icelandic Hver maður er borinn frjáls og jafn öðrum að virðingu og réttindum. Menn eru gæddir vitsmunum og samvizku, og ber þeim að breyta bróðurlega hverjum við annan.
English All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Scots Aw human sowels is born free and equal in dignity and richts. They are tochered wi mense and conscience and shuld guide theirsels ane til ither in a speirit o britherheid.
Luxembourgeois All Mënsch kënnt fräi a mat deer selwechter Dignitéit an dene selwechte Rechter op d'Welt. Jiddereen huet säi Verstand a säi Gewësse krut an soll an engem Geescht vu Bridderlechkeet denen anere géintiwwer handelen.
Yiddish, Eastern יעדער מענטש װערט געבױרן פֿרײַ און גלײַך אין כּבֿוד און רעכט. יעדער װערט באַשאָנקן מיט פֿאַרשטאַנד און געװיסן; יעדער זאָל זיך פֿירן מיט אַ צװײטן אין אַ געמיט פֿון ברודערשאַפֿט.
Afrikaans Alle menslike wesens word vry, met gelyke waardigheid en regte, gebore. Hulle het rede en gewete en behoort in die gees van broederskap teenoor mekaar op te tree.
Dutch Alle mensen worden vrij en gelijk in waardigheid en rechten geboren. Zij zijn begiftigd met verstand en geweten, en behoren zich jegens elkander in een geest van broederschap te gedragen.
Saxon, Low All de Minschen sünd frie un gliek an Wüürd un Rechten baren. Se hebbt Vernunft un een Geweten un se schüllt sik Bröder sien.

Vulnerability

This table summarizes the vulnerability of various Dravidian languages. Data is derived from the ‘Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, © UNESCO, http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas’ and Ethnologue.

Language ISO639-3 Location Speakers Status
Ethnologue UNESCO
Frankish frk Germany 0 10 (Extinct) -
Wymysorys wym Poland 70 8b (Nearly extinct) 3 (Severely endangered)
Frisian, Eastern frs Germany 5,120 8a (Moribund) -
Saterfriesisch stq Germany 1,000 7 (Shifting) 3 (Severely endangered)
German, Colonia Tovar gct Venezuela 1,500 7 (Shifting) -
Yiddish, Western yih Germany 5,400 7 (Shifting) -
Frisian, Northern frr Germany 10,000 7 (Shifting) 3 (Severely endangered)
Hunsrik hrx Brazil 3,000,000 7 (Shifting) -
Walser wae Switzerland 22,780 6b (Threatened) -
Vlaams vls Belgium 1,204,000 6b (Threatened) -
Mócheno mhn Italy 1,900 6a (Vigorous) 2 (Definitely endangered)
Cimbrian cim Italy 2,230 6a (Vigorous) 2 (Definitely endangered)
Silesian, Lower sli Poland 22,900 6a (Vigorous) -
Hutterisch geh Canada 40,000 6a (Vigorous) -
Kölsch ksh Germany 250,000 6a (Vigorous) -
Jutish jut Germany, Denmark ? 6a (Vigorous) 2 (Definitely endangered)
Pfaelzisch pfl Germany, France ? 6a (Vigorous) 1 (Vulnerable)
Saxon, Low nds Germany 1,000 5 (Developing) -
German, Pennsylvania pdc United States 133,000 5 (Developing) -
Zeeuws zea Netherlands 220,000 5 (Developing) -
Plautdietsch pdt Canada & Ukraine 394,900 5 (Developing) 2 (Definitely endangered)
Gronings gos Netherlands 592,000 5 (Developing) -
Swabian swg Germany 819,000 5 (Developing) -
Saxon, Upper sxu Germany 2,000,000 5 (Developing) -
Mainfränkisch vmf Germany, Czech Republic 4,910,000 5 (Developing) 1 (Vulnerable)
German, Swiss gsw Switzerland 6,469,000 5 (Developing) -
Bavarian bar Germany, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, Czech Republic 13,259,000 5 (Developing) 1 (Vulnerable)
Achterhoeks act Netherlands ? 5 (Developing) -
Drents drt Netherlands ? 5 (Developing) -
Sallands sdz Netherlands ? 5 (Developing) -
Stellingwerfs stl Netherlands ? 5 (Developing) -
Twents twd Netherlands ? 5 (Developing) -
Veluws vel Netherlands ? 5 (Developing) -
Westphalien wep Germany ? 5 (Developing) -
Scots sco United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 100,000 4 (Educational) 1 (Vulnerable)
Luxembourgeois ltz Germany, Belgium, France, Luxembourg 320,710 4 (Educational) 1 (Vulnerable)
Yiddish, Eastern ydd Israel & Germany, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Ukraine 1,505,030 4 (Educational) 2 (Definitely endangered)
Faroese fao Denmark & Faroe Islands 66,150 2 (Provincial) 1 (Vulnerable)
Frisian, Western fry Netherlands 467,000 2 (Provincial) 1 (Vulnerable)
Limburgish lim Netherlands 1,300,000 2 (Provincial) -
Icelandic isl Iceland 243,840 1 (National) -
Norwegian nor Norway 4,741,780 1 (National) -
Afrikaans afr South Africa 4,949,410 1 (National) -
Danish dan Denmark 5,592,490 1 (National) -
Swedish swe Sweden 8,381,829 1 (National) 2 (Definitely endangered)
Dutch nld Netherlands 22,984,690 1 (National) -
German, Standard deu Germany 83,812,810 1 (National) -
English eng United Kingdom 334,800,758 1 (National) -

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article "Germanic languages", which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

See also

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