Difference between revisions of "Celtic languages"

From Apertium
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 343: Line 343:
|| 9 (Dormant)
|| 9 (Dormant)
|| United Kingdom
|| United Kingdom
|-
|| Breton
|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/bre bre]</code>
|| France
|| 3 (Severely endangered)
|| 225,000 (1989 ICDBL), decreasing. 1,200,000 know Breton but do not regularly use it.
|| 8a (Moribund)
|| France
|-
|| Irish
|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/gle gle]</code>
|| Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|| 2 (Definitely endangered)
|| 72,000 in Ireland (2006 census). Less than 20,000 L1 speakers (Salminen 2007). Population total all countries: 106,210.
|| 6b (Threatened)
|| Ireland
|-
|| Gaelic, Scottish
|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/gla gla]</code>
|| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|| 2 (Definitely endangered)
|| 58,700 in United Kingdom (2003 census). Population total all countries: 63,130.
|| 4 (Educational)
|| United Kingdom
|-
|| Welsh
|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/cym cym]</code>
|| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|| 1 (Vulnerable)
|| 508,000 in United Kingdom (1991 census), decreasing. 32,700 monolinguals (1971 census). Population total all countries: 536,890.
|| 2 (Provincial)
|| United Kingdom
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!rowspan=2| Language
!rowspan=2| ISO639-3
!colspan=2|UNESCO
!colspan=3|Ethnologue 
|-class="sortbottom"
! Areas
! Vulnerability
! Speakers
! Status
! Location
|-
|| Cornish
|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/cor cor]</code>
|| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|| 4 (Critically endangered)
|| No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 469,000 (1991 census).
|| 9 (Dormant)
|| United Kingdom
|-
|| Manx
|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/glv glv]</code>
|| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|| 4 (Critically endangered)
|| No known L1 speakers.
|| 8b (Nearly extinct)
|| Isle of Man
|-
|-
|| Breton
|| Breton

Revision as of 21:53, 2 January 2014

The Celtic languages (cel) include Welsh (cy), Breton (br), Cornish (kw), Irish (ga), Manx (gv), and Scottish Gaelic (gd). Most commonly spoken on the north-western edge of Europe, the languages are related with varying levels of mutual intelligibility.

The master plan involves generating independent finite-state transducers for each language, and then making individual dictionaries and transfer rules for every pair. The current status of these goals is listed below.

Status

The ultimate goal is to have multi-purposable transducers for a variety of Celtic languages. These can then be paired for X→Y translation with the addition of a CG for language X and transfer rules / dictionary for the pair X→Y. Below is listed development progress for each language's transducers and dictionary pairs.

Transducers

Once a transducer has ~80% coverage on a range of medium-large corpora we can say it is "working". Over 90% and it can be considered to be "production".

name language native name grouping ISO 639 formalism state stems paradigms coverage location primary authors
-2 -3
apertium-cym Welsh Cymraeg Brythonic cy cym lttoolbox production ~91.2% apertium-cy-en (trunk) Fran, Jim, donnek
apertium-bre Breton Brezhoneg Brythonic br bre lttoolbox working ~88.6% apertium-br-fr (trunk) Fran, fulupjakez, guillaumebzh, drevalan
apertium-gle Irish Gaeilge Goidelic ga gle lttoolbox development apertium-ga-gd (nursery) Fran, Jim, fulupjakez, skburke
apertium-gla Scottish Gaelic Gàidhlig Goidelic gd gla lttoolbox development apertium-ga-gd (nursery) Fran, Jim, fulupjakez, jg18, skburke
apertium-glv Manx Gaelg Goidelic gv glv lttoolbox development apertium-ga-gv (incubator) Fran, Jim, cos, skburke
apertium-cor Cornish Kernewek Brythonic kw cor lttoolbox prototype apertium-cy-kw (incubator) Fran, Jim

Existing language pairs

Text in italic denotes language pairs under development / in the incubator. Regular text denotes a functioning language pair in staging, while text in bold denotes a stable well-working language pair in trunk.

cym bre cor gle gla glv
cym - br-cy
bre br-cy
 -
cor -
gle - ga-gd
 ga-gv
gla ga-gd
 -
glv ga-gv
 -
eng cy-en
 en-ga
 en-gd
 en-gv
epo eo-br
fra br-fr
spa cy-es
 br-es

Samples

Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Language Text
Irish Saolaítear na daoine uile saor agus comhionann ina ndínit agus ina gcearta. Tá bua an réasúin agus an choinsiasa acu agus dlíd iad féin d'iompar de mheon bráithreachas i leith a chéile.
Manx Ta dagh ooilley pheiagh ruggit seyr as corrym ayns ard-cheim as kiartyn. Ren Jee feoiltaghey resoon as cooinsheanse orroo as by chair daue ymmyrkey ry cheilley myr braaraghyn.
Scottish Gaelic Tha gach uile dhuine air a bhreth saor agus co-ionnan ann an urram 's ann an còirichean. Tha iad air am breth le reusan is le cogais agus mar sin bu chòir dhaibh a bhith beò nam measg fhein ann an spiorad bràthaireil.
Breton Dieub ha par en o dellezegezh hag o gwirioù eo ganet an holl dud. Poell ha skiant zo dezho ha dleout a reont bevañ an eil gant egile en ur spered a genvreudeuriezh.
Cornish Pub den oll yw genys frank ha kehaval yn dynita ha gwiryow. Yth yns i enduys gans reson ha cowses hag y tal dhedhans gwul dhe udn orth y gila yn spyrys a vredereth.
Welsh Genir pawb yn rhydd ac yn gydradd â'i gilydd mewn urddas a hawliau. Fe'u cynysgaeddir â rheswm a chydwybod, a dylai pawb ymddwyn y naill at y llall mewn ysbryd cymodlon.

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article "Celtic languages", which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Vulnerability

This table summarizes the vulnerability of various Celtic languages. Data is derived from the ‘Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, © UNESCO, http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas’ and Ethnologue.

Language ISO639-3 Areas Vulnerability
Cornish cor Cornwall 4 - Critically endangered
Manx glv Isle of Mann 4 - Critically endangered
Breton bre France 3 - Severely endangered
Scottish Gaelic gla Scotland 2 - Definitely endangered
Irish gle Ireland 2 - Definitely endangered
Welsh cym Wales 1 - Vulnerable
Language ISO639-3 Areas (UNESCO) Vulnerability (UNESCO) Speakers (Ethnologue) Status (Ethnologue) Location (Ethnologue)
Manx glv United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 4 - Critically endangered No known L1 speakers. 8b (Nearly extinct) Isle of Man
Cornish cor United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 4 - Critically endangered No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 469,000 (1991 census). 9 (Dormant) United Kingdom
Breton bre France 3 - Severely endangered 225,000 (1989 ICDBL), decreasing. 1,200,000 know Breton but do not regularly use it. 8a (Moribund) France
Irish gle Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2 - Definitely endangered 72,000 in Ireland (2006 census). Less than 20,000 L1 speakers (Salminen 2007). Population total all countries: 106,210. 6b (Threatened) Ireland
Gaelic, Scottish gla United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2 - Definitely endangered 58,700 in United Kingdom (2003 census). Population total all countries: 63,130. 4 (Educational) United Kingdom
Welsh cym United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1 - Vulnerable 508,000 in United Kingdom (1991 census), decreasing. 32,700 monolinguals (1971 census). Population total all countries: 536,890. 2 (Provincial) United Kingdom
Language ISO639-3 UNESCO Ethnologue 
Areas Vulnerability Speakers Status Location
Manx glv United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 4 - Critically endangered No known L1 speakers. 8b (Nearly extinct) Isle of Man
Cornish cor United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 4 - Critically endangered No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 469,000 (1991 census). 9 (Dormant) United Kingdom
Breton bre France 3 - Severely endangered 225,000 (1989 ICDBL), decreasing. 1,200,000 know Breton but do not regularly use it. 8a (Moribund) France
Irish gle Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2 - Definitely endangered 72,000 in Ireland (2006 census). Less than 20,000 L1 speakers (Salminen 2007). Population total all countries: 106,210. 6b (Threatened) Ireland
Gaelic, Scottish gla United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2 - Definitely endangered 58,700 in United Kingdom (2003 census). Population total all countries: 63,130. 4 (Educational) United Kingdom
Welsh cym United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1 - Vulnerable 508,000 in United Kingdom (1991 census), decreasing. 32,700 monolinguals (1971 census). Population total all countries: 536,890. 2 (Provincial) United Kingdom
Language ISO639-3 UNESCO Ethnologue 
Areas Vulnerability Speakers Status Location
Manx glv United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 4 (Critically endangered) No known L1 speakers. 8b (Nearly extinct) Isle of Man
Cornish cor United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 4 (Critically endangered) No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 469,000 (1991 census). 9 (Dormant) United Kingdom
Breton bre France 3 (Severely endangered) 225,000 (1989 ICDBL), decreasing. 1,200,000 know Breton but do not regularly use it. 8a (Moribund) France
Irish gle Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2 (Definitely endangered) 72,000 in Ireland (2006 census). Less than 20,000 L1 speakers (Salminen 2007). Population total all countries: 106,210. 6b (Threatened) Ireland
Gaelic, Scottish gla United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2 (Definitely endangered) 58,700 in United Kingdom (2003 census). Population total all countries: 63,130. 4 (Educational) United Kingdom
Welsh cym United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1 (Vulnerable) 508,000 in United Kingdom (1991 census), decreasing. 32,700 monolinguals (1971 census). Population total all countries: 536,890. 2 (Provincial) United Kingdom
Language ISO639-3 UNESCO Ethnologue 
Areas Vulnerability Speakers Status Location
Cornish cor United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 4 (Critically endangered) No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 469,000 (1991 census). 9 (Dormant) United Kingdom
Manx glv United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 4 (Critically endangered) No known L1 speakers. 8b (Nearly extinct) Isle of Man
Breton bre France 3 (Severely endangered) 225,000 (1989 ICDBL), decreasing. 1,200,000 know Breton but do not regularly use it. 8a (Moribund) France
Irish gle Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2 (Definitely endangered) 72,000 in Ireland (2006 census). Less than 20,000 L1 speakers (Salminen 2007). Population total all countries: 106,210. 6b (Threatened) Ireland
Gaelic, Scottish gla United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2 (Definitely endangered) 58,700 in United Kingdom (2003 census). Population total all countries: 63,130. 4 (Educational) United Kingdom
Welsh cym United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1 (Vulnerable) 508,000 in United Kingdom (1991 census), decreasing. 32,700 monolinguals (1971 census). Population total all countries: 536,890. 2 (Provincial) United Kingdom

See also

Notes

Retrieved from "https://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Celtic_languages&oldid=46027"