Celtic languages

The Celtic languages (cel) include Welsh (cy), Breton (br), Cornish (kw), Irish (ga), Manx (gv), and Scottish Gaelic (gd). Most commonly spoken on the north-western edge of Europe, the languages are related with varying levels of mutual intelligibility.

The master plan involves generating independent finite-state transducers for each language, and then making individual dictionaries and transfer rules for every pair. The current status of these goals is listed below.

Status

The ultimate goal is to have multi-purposable transducers for a variety of Celtic languages. These can then be paired for X→Y translation with the addition of a CG for language X and transfer rules / dictionary for the pair X→Y. Below is listed development progress for each language's transducers and dictionary pairs.

Transducers

Once a transducer has ~80% coverage on a range of medium-large corpora we can say it is "working". Over 90% and it can be considered to be "production".

name	language	native name	grouping	ISO 639		formalism	state	stems	paradigms	coverage	location	primary authors
				-2	-3
apertium-cym	Welsh	Cymraeg	Brythonic	cy	cym	lttoolbox	production			~91.2%	apertium-cy-en (trunk)	Fran, Jim, donnek
apertium-bre	Breton	Brezhoneg	Brythonic	br	bre	lttoolbox	working			~88.6%	apertium-br-fr (trunk)	Fran, fulupjakez, guillaumebzh, drevalan
apertium-gle	Irish	Gaeilge	Goidelic	ga	gle	lttoolbox	development				apertium-ga-gd (nursery)	Fran, Jim, fulupjakez, skburke
apertium-gla	Scottish Gaelic	Gàidhlig	Goidelic	gd	gla	lttoolbox	development				apertium-ga-gd (nursery)	Fran, Jim, fulupjakez, jg18, skburke
apertium-glv	Manx	Gaelg	Goidelic	gv	glv	lttoolbox	development				apertium-ga-gv (incubator)	Fran, Jim, cos, skburke
apertium-cor	Cornish	Kernewek	Brythonic	kw	cor	lttoolbox	prototype				apertium-cy-kw (incubator)	Fran, Jim

Existing language pairs

Text in italic denotes language pairs under development / in the incubator. Regular text denotes a functioning language pair in staging, while text in bold denotes a stable well-working language pair in trunk.

	cym	bre	cor	gle	gla	glv
cym	-	br-cy
bre	br-cy	-
cor			-
gle				-	ga-gd	ga-gv
gla				ga-gd	-
glv				ga-gv		-
eng	cy-en			en-ga	en-gd	en-gv
epo		eo-br
fra		br-fr
spa	cy-es	br-es

Samples

Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Language	Text
Irish	Saolaítear na daoine uile saor agus comhionann ina ndínit agus ina gcearta. Tá bua an réasúin agus an choinsiasa acu agus dlíd iad féin d'iompar de mheon bráithreachas i leith a chéile.
Manx	Ta dagh ooilley pheiagh ruggit seyr as corrym ayns ard-cheim as kiartyn. Ren Jee feoiltaghey resoon as cooinsheanse orroo as by chair daue ymmyrkey ry cheilley myr braaraghyn.
Scottish Gaelic	Tha gach uile dhuine air a bhreth saor agus co-ionnan ann an urram 's ann an còirichean. Tha iad air am breth le reusan is le cogais agus mar sin bu chòir dhaibh a bhith beò nam measg fhein ann an spiorad bràthaireil.
Breton	Dieub ha par en o dellezegezh hag o gwirioù eo ganet an holl dud. Poell ha skiant zo dezho ha dleout a reont bevañ an eil gant egile en ur spered a genvreudeuriezh.
Cornish	Pub den oll yw genys frank ha kehaval yn dynita ha gwiryow. Yth yns i enduys gans reson ha cowses hag y tal dhedhans gwul dhe udn orth y gila yn spyrys a vredereth.
Welsh	Genir pawb yn rhydd ac yn gydradd â'i gilydd mewn urddas a hawliau. Fe'u cynysgaeddir â rheswm a chydwybod, a dylai pawb ymddwyn y naill at y llall mewn ysbryd cymodlon.

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article "Celtic languages", which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Vulnerability

This table summarizes the vulnerability of various Celtic languages. Data is derived from the ‘Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, © UNESCO, http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas’ and [Ethnologue http://www.ethnologue.com/].

Language	ISO639-3	Areas	Vulnerability
Cornish	cor	Cornwall	4 - Critically endangered
Manx	glv	Isle of Mann	4 - Critically endangered
Breton	bre	France	3 - Severely endangered
Scottish Gaelic	gla	Scotland	2 - Definitely endangered
Irish	gle	Ireland	2 - Definitely endangered
Welsh	cym	Wales	1 - Vulnerable

Language	ISO639-3	Areas (UNESCO)	Vulnerability (UNESCO)	Speakers (Ethnologue)	Status (Ethnologue)	Location (Ethnologue)
Manx	glv	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	4 - Critically endangered	No known L1 speakers.	8b (Nearly extinct)	Isle of Man
Cornish	cor	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	4 - Critically endangered	No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 469,000 (1991 census).	9 (Dormant)	United Kingdom
Breton	bre	France	3 - Severely endangered	225,000 (1989 ICDBL), decreasing. 1,200,000 know Breton but do not regularly use it.	8a (Moribund)	France
Irish	gle	Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	2 - Definitely endangered	72,000 in Ireland (2006 census). Less than 20,000 L1 speakers (Salminen 2007). Population total all countries: 106,210.	6b (Threatened)	Ireland
Gaelic, Scottish	gla	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	2 - Definitely endangered	58,700 in United Kingdom (2003 census). Population total all countries: 63,130.	4 (Educational)	United Kingdom
Welsh	cym	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	1 - Vulnerable	508,000 in United Kingdom (1991 census), decreasing. 32,700 monolinguals (1971 census). Population total all countries: 536,890.	2 (Provincial)	United Kingdom

Language	ISO639-3	UNESCO		Ethnologue
		Areas	Vulnerability	Speakers	Status	Location
Manx	glv	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	4 - Critically endangered	No known L1 speakers.	8b (Nearly extinct)	Isle of Man
Cornish	cor	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	4 - Critically endangered	No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 469,000 (1991 census).	9 (Dormant)	United Kingdom
Breton	bre	France	3 - Severely endangered	225,000 (1989 ICDBL), decreasing. 1,200,000 know Breton but do not regularly use it.	8a (Moribund)	France
Irish	gle	Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	2 - Definitely endangered	72,000 in Ireland (2006 census). Less than 20,000 L1 speakers (Salminen 2007). Population total all countries: 106,210.	6b (Threatened)	Ireland
Gaelic, Scottish	gla	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	2 - Definitely endangered	58,700 in United Kingdom (2003 census). Population total all countries: 63,130.	4 (Educational)	United Kingdom
Welsh	cym	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	1 - Vulnerable	508,000 in United Kingdom (1991 census), decreasing. 32,700 monolinguals (1971 census). Population total all countries: 536,890.	2 (Provincial)	United Kingdom

Language	ISO639-3	UNESCO		Ethnologue
		Areas	Vulnerability	Speakers	Status	Location
Manx	glv	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	4 (Critically endangered)	No known L1 speakers.	8b (Nearly extinct)	Isle of Man
Cornish	cor	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	4 (Critically endangered)	No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 469,000 (1991 census).	9 (Dormant)	United Kingdom
Breton	bre	France	3 (Severely endangered)	225,000 (1989 ICDBL), decreasing. 1,200,000 know Breton but do not regularly use it.	8a (Moribund)	France
Irish	gle	Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	2 (Definitely endangered)	72,000 in Ireland (2006 census). Less than 20,000 L1 speakers (Salminen 2007). Population total all countries: 106,210.	6b (Threatened)	Ireland
Gaelic, Scottish	gla	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	2 (Definitely endangered)	58,700 in United Kingdom (2003 census). Population total all countries: 63,130.	4 (Educational)	United Kingdom
Welsh	cym	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	1 (Vulnerable)	508,000 in United Kingdom (1991 census), decreasing. 32,700 monolinguals (1971 census). Population total all countries: 536,890.	2 (Provincial)	United Kingdom

See also

• Scottish Gaelic and Irish