Romance languages

En français

The Romance languages (Wikipedia:Romance languages) include Catalan, Occitan, Asturian, Spanish (es), French, Galician, Portuguese, Romanian and Italian . The languages are related with varying levels of mutual intelligibility. Many of these languages are included in Apertium already.

Romance languages that are not yet covered in Apertium include Aromanian, Arpitan, Corsican, Friulan, Ladino, Leonese, Lombard, Mirandese, Neapolitan, Piedmontese, Romansh, Sicilian, Venetian and Walloon.

Status

The ultimate goal is to have multi-purposable transducers for a variety of Romance languages. These can then be paired for X→Y translation with the addition of a CG for language X and transfer rules / dictionary for the pair X→Y. Below is listed development progress for each language's transducers and dictionary pairs.

Transducers

name	Language	native name	ISO 639		formalism	state	stems	coverage	location	primary authors
			-2	-3
apertium-spa	Spanish	castellano	es	spa	lttoolbox	production	46,003	[[Apertium-spa#Current_State|~Apertium-spa/stats/average%]]
apertium-cat	Catalan	català	ca	cat	lttoolbox	production	95604	[[Apertium-cat#Current_State|~Apertium-cat/stats/average%]]
apertium-ita	Italian	italiano	it	ita	lttoolbox	production	25,609	[[Apertium-ita#Current_State|~Apertium-ita/stats/average%]]
apertium-arg	Aragonese	aragonés	an	arg	lttoolbox	production	26,068	[[Apertium-arg#Current_State|~Apertium-arg/stats/average%]]
apertium-ast	Asturian	asturianu	-	ast	lttoolbox	production	498	[[Apertium-ast#Current_State|~Apertium-ast/stats/average%]]
apertium-oci	Occitan	occitan	oc	oci	lttoolbox	production		[[Apertium-oci#Current_State|~Apertium-oci/stats/average%]]
apertium-srd	Sardinian	sardu	sc	srd	lttoolbox	production	46,642	[[Apertium-srd#Current_State|~Apertium-srd/stats/average%]]
apertium-scn	Sicilian	sicilianu	-	scn	lttoolbox	development	25,723	~84.4%
apertium-fra	French	français	fr	fra	lttoolbox	production		[[Apertium-fra#Current_State|~Apertium-fra/stats/average%]]
apertium-por	Portuguese	português	pt	por	lttoolbox	production	14,796	[[Apertium-por#Current_State|~Apertium-por/stats/average%]]
apertium-glg	Galician	galego	gl	glg	lttoolbox	production	31,916	[[Apertium-glg#Current_State|~Apertium-glg/stats/average%]]
apertium-ron	Romanian	română	ro	ron	lttoolbox	production	18,878	[[Apertium-ron#Current_State|~Apertium-ron/stats/average%]]
apertium-cos	Corsican	corsu	co	cos	lttoolbox	development	3,618	~85.9%
apertium-rup	Aromanian		-	rup	lttoolbox	prototype	312,005	[[Apertium-rup#Current_State|~Apertium-rup/stats/average%]]

Table of existing pairs

Text in italics denotes language pairs in the incubator. Regular text denotes a developing language pair in nursery, while text in bold denotes a stable well-working language pair in trunk and text in bold and italics denotes a pair in staging. Bidix stems as counted with dixcounter are displayed below.

	arg	ast	cat	cos	spa	fra	glg	ita	oci	por	ron	rup	srd
arg	-				es-an 17,758
ast		-			es-ast 57,067
cat			-	cat-cos 316	es-ca 43,180	fr-ca 10,560		ca-it 9,773	oc-ca 24,877	pt-ca 8,034	ca-ro 16,431		cat-srd 2,803
cos			cat-cos 316	-				cos-ita 25
spa	es-an 17,758	es-ast 57,067	es-ca 43,180		-	fr-es 26,993	es-gl 28,052	es-it 12,505	oc-es 18,774	es-pt 15,520	es-ro 24,528
fra			fr-ca 10,560		fr-es 26,993	-		fr-it 1	oc-fr 10,588	fra-por 18,919	fr-ro 12,727
glg					es-gl 28,052		-			pt-gl 12,330
ita			ca-it 9,773	cos-ita 25	es-it 12,505	fr-it 1		-		it-pt 1	ro-it 10,093		ita-srd ?
oci			oc-ca 24,877		oc-es 18,774	oc-fr 10,588			-
por			pt-ca 8,034		es-pt 15,520	fra-por 18,919	pt-gl 12,330	it-pt 1		-			sc-pt ?
ron			ca-ro 16,431		es-ro 24,528	fr-ro 12,727		ro-it 10,093			-	ron-rup 402
rup											ron-rup 402	-
srd			cat-srd 2,803					ita-srd ?		sc-pt ?			-
bre					br-es 11,760	br-fr 27,988
ces					es-cs 387
cym					cy-es 8,798
deu					es-de 615
eng			en-ca 35,873		'en-es '	en-fr 13,455	en-gl 30,049	en-it 21,067		en-pt 6,828
epo			eo-ca 43,160		eo-es 48,312	eo-fr 43,077		eo-it 9,344		eo-pt 12,760
eus					eu-es 19,307	eu-fr 7,616
guc					guc-spa 1,077
ina					es-ia 35						ron-ina 192
lat					la-es 1,920			la-it 65
mlt					mlt-spa 137
nld						fr-nl 1,744
quz					quz-spa 0
qve					spa-qve 0
slv					slv-spa			slv-ita 1,586
sme					sme-spa 1
ssp					es-ssp 3,397
tet										tet-por 3,075
zho					zho-spa 14,040

Many of these are documented in Publications.

Samples

Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Language	Text
Italian	Tutti gli esseri umani nascono liberi ed eguali in dignità e diritti. Essi sono dotati di ragione e di coscienza e devono agire gli uni verso gli altri in spirito di fratellanza.
Venetian	Tuti i essari Umani nasse liberi e uguaƚi in teƚa dignità e diriti. I xe dotai de raxón e de cosiensa e i gà da agire cò spirito de fraternità lun l’altro.
French	Tous les êtres humains naissent libres et égaux en dignité et en droits. Ils sont doués de raison et de conscience et doivent agir les uns envers les autres dans un esprit de fraternité.
Picard	Tos lès-omes vinèt å monde lîbes èt égåls po çou qu'èst d' leû dignité èt d' leûs dreûts. Leû re°zon èt leû consyince elzî fe°t on d'vwér di s'kidûre inte di zèle come dès frès
Walloon	Tos lès-omes vinèt-st-å monde lîbes, èt so-l'minme pîd po çou qu'ènn'èst d'leu dignité èt d'leus dreûts. I n'sont nin foû rêzon èt-z-ont-i leû consyince po zèls, çou qu'èlzès deût miner a s'kidûre onk' po l'ôte tot come dès frés.
Friulian	Ducj i oms a nassin libars e compagns come dignitât e derits. A an sintiment e cussience e bisugne che si tratin un culaltri come fradis.
Romansch	Tuots umans naschan libers ed eguals in dignità e drets. Els sun dotats cun intellet e conscienza e dessan agir tanter per in uin spiert da fraternità.
Catalan-Valencian-Balear	Tots els éssers humans neixen lliures i iguals en dignitat i en drets. Són dotats de raó i de consciència, i han de comportar-se fraternalment els uns amb els altres.
Asturian	Tolos seres humanos nacen llibres y iguales en dignidá y drechos y, pola mor de la razón y la conciencia de so, han comportase hermaniblemente los unos colos otros.
Ladino	Todos los umanos nasen libres i iguales en dinyidad i derechos i, komo estan ekipados de razon i konsensia, deven komportarsen kon ermandad los unos kon los otros.
Spanish	Todos los seres humanos nacen libres e iguales en dignidad y derechos y, dotados como están de razón y conciencia, deben comportarse fraternalmente los unos con los otros.
Galician	Tódolos seres humanos nacen libres e iguais en dignidade e dereitos e, dotados como están de razón e conciencia, díbense comportar fraternalmente uns cos outros.
Portuguese	Todos os seres humanos nascem livres e iguais em dignidade e em direitos. Dotados de razão e de consciência, devem agir uns para com os outros em espírito de fraternidade.
Corsican	Nascinu tutti l’omi libari è pari di dignità è di diritti. Pussedinu a raghjoni è a cuscenza è li tocca ad agiscia trà elli di modu fraternu.
Sardinian, Logudorese	Totu sos èsseres umanos naschint lìberos e eguales in dinnidade e in deretos. Issos tenent sa resone e sa cussèntzia e depent operare s'unu cun s'àteru cun ispìritu de fraternidade.

Vulnerability

This table summarizes the vulnerability of various Romance languages. Vulnerability data is derived from the ‘Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, © UNESCO, http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas’ and Ethnologue.

Language	ISO639-3	Location	Speakers	Status
				Ethnologue	UNESCO
Zarphatic	zrp	France	0	10 (Extinct)	-
Shuadit	sdt	France	0	10 (Extinct)	-
Emilian	egl	Italy	0	9 (Dormant)	-
Romagnol	rgn	Italy	0	9 (Dormant)	-
Minderico	drc	Portugal	500	8b (Nearly extinct)	-
Judeo-Italian	itk	Italy	250	8a (Moribund)	-
Arpitan	frp	France & Italy	137,000	8a (Moribund)	2 (Definitely endangered)
Romanian, Istro	ruo	Croatia	560	7 (Shifting)	3 (Severely endangered)
Istriot	ist	Croatia	1,000	7 (Shifting)	3 (Severely endangered)
Romanian, Megleno	ruq	Greece, Macedonia	5,000	7 (Shifting)	3 (Severely endangered)
French, Cajun	frc	United States	25,600	7 (Shifting)	-
Extremaduran	ext	Spain	201,500	7 (Shifting)	-
Aragonese	arg	Spain	10,000	6b (Threatened)	2 (Definitely endangered)
Ladin	lld	Italy	20,000	6b (Threatened)	2 (Definitely endangered)
Sardinian, Gallurese	sdn	Italy	100,000	6b (Threatened)	2 (Definitely endangered)
Sardinian, Sassarese	sdc	Italy	100,000	6b (Threatened)	2 (Definitely endangered)
Asturian	ast	Spain	110,000	6b (Threatened)	-
Aromanian	rup	Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia, Serbia	123,300	6b (Threatened)	2 (Definitely endangered)
Sardinian, Logudorese	src	Italy	500,000	6b (Threatened)	2 (Definitely endangered)
Walloon	wln	Belgium, France, Luxembourg	600,000	6b (Threatened)	2 (Definitely endangered)
Spanish, Loreto-Ucayali	spq	Peru	2,800	6a (Vigorous)	-
Fala	fax	Spain	10,500	6a (Vigorous)	-
Sardinian, Campidanese	sro	Italy	500,000	6a (Vigorous)	2 (Definitely endangered)
Corsican	cos	France, Italy	31,000	5 (Developing)	2 (Definitely endangered)
Picard	pcd	Belgium, France	200,000	5 (Developing)	3 (Severely endangered)
Friulian	fur	Italy	300,000	5 (Developing)	2 (Definitely endangered)
Ligurian	lij	France, Italy, Monaco	505,100	5 (Developing)	2 (Definitely endangered)
Piemontese	pms	Italy	1,600,000	5 (Developing)	2 (Definitely endangered)
Lombard	lmo	Italy	3,903,000	5 (Developing)	2 (Definitely endangered)
Sicilian	scn	Italy	4,700,000	5 (Developing)	1 (Vulnerable)
Napoletano-Calabrese	nap	Italy	5,700,000	5 (Developing)	1 (Vulnerable)
Romansch	roh	Switzerland	35,139	4 (Educational)	2 (Definitely endangered)
Ladino	lad	Israel & Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Turkey, Serbia	112,130	4 (Educational)	3 (Severely endangered)
Occitan	oci	France, Italy	2,048,310	4 (Educational)	2 (Definitely endangered)
Venetian	vec	Croatia, Italy, Slovenia	3,852,500	4 (Educational)	1 (Vulnerable)
Mirandese	mwl	Portugal	15,000	2 (Provincial)	-
Galician	glg	Spain	3,185,000	2 (Provincial)	-
Catalan	cat	Spain & Italy	7,220,420	2 (Provincial)	2 (Definitely endangered)
Romanian	ron	Romania	23,623,890	1 (National)	-
Italian	ita	Italy	61,068,677	1 (National)	-
French	fra	France	68,458,600	1 (National)	3 (Severely endangered)
Portuguese	por	Portugal	202,468,100	1 (National)	-
Spanish	spa	Spain	405,638,110	1 (National)	-

Other language pairs

Pairs including a non-Romance language

• English and Portuguese
• French and Esperanto
• English and Galician
• English to Catalan
• English and Spanish
• Spanish and Esperanto
• Breton and French
• Catalan and Esperanto
• Basque and Spanish

See also

• List of language pairs