Difference between revisions of "Morphology of Kumyk"

From Apertium
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 51: Line 51:
 
{|class=wikitable
 
{|class=wikitable
 
|-
 
|-
! Tag !! Morpheme !! Description
+
! Tag !! Morpheme !! Description !! Example
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|n}} || <code>-</code> || Noun
+
| {{tag|n}} || <code>-</code> || Noun ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|v}} || <code>-</code> || Verb
+
| {{tag|v}} || <code>-</code> || Verb ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|np}} || <code>-</code> || Proper noun
+
| {{tag|np}} || <code>-</code> || Proper noun ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|ij}} || <code>-</code> || Interjection
+
| {{tag|ij}} || <code>-</code> || Interjection ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|num}} || <code>-</code> || Numeral
+
| {{tag|num}} || <code>-</code> || Numeral ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|adj}} || <code>-</code> || Adjective
+
| {{tag|adj}} || <code>-</code> || Adjective ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|cop}} || <code>-</code> || Copula
+
| {{tag|cop}} || <code>-</code> || Copula ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|det}} || <code>-</code> || Determiner
+
| {{tag|det}} || <code>-</code> || Determiner ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|prn}} || <code>-</code> || Pronoun
+
| {{tag|prn}} || <code>-</code> || Pronoun ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|adv}} || <code>-</code> || Adverb
+
| {{tag|adv}} || <code>-</code> || Adverb ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|post}} || <code>-</code> || Postposition
+
| {{tag|post}} || <code>-</code> || Postposition ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|vaux}} || <code>-</code> || Auxiliary verb
+
| {{tag|vaux}} || <code>-</code> || Auxiliary verb ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|postadv}} || <code>-</code> || Postadverb
+
| {{tag|postadv}} || <code>-</code> || Postadverb ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|cnjsub}} || <code>-</code> || Subordinating conjunction
+
| {{tag|cnjsub}} || <code>-</code> || Subordinating conjunction ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|cnjcoo}} || <code>-</code> || Coordinating conjunction
+
| {{tag|cnjcoo}} || <code>-</code> || Coordinating conjunction ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|cnjadv}} || <code>-</code> || Adverbial conjunction
+
| {{tag|cnjadv}} || <code>-</code> || Adverbial conjunction ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|emph}} || <code>-</code> || Emphatic word
+
| {{tag|emph}} || <code>-</code> || Emphatic word ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|abbr}} || <code>-</code> || Abbreviation
+
| {{tag|abbr}} || <code>-</code> || Abbreviation ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|qst}} || <code>-</code> || Question word
+
| {{tag|qst}} || <code>-</code> || Question word ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|attr}} || <code>-</code> || Attributive (modifier)
+
| {{tag|attr}} || <code>-</code> || Attributive (modifier) ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|subst}} || <code>-</code> || Substantive
+
| {{tag|subst}} || <code>-</code> || Substantive ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|advl}} || <code>-</code> || Adverbial
+
| {{tag|advl}} || <code>-</code> || Adverbial ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|top}} || <code>-</code> || Toponym
+
| {{tag|top}} || <code>-</code> || Toponym ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|ant}} || <code>-</code> || Anthroponym (first name)
+
| {{tag|ant}} || <code>-</code> || Anthroponym (first name) ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|cog}} || <code>-</code> || Second name
+
| {{tag|cog}} || <code>-</code> || Second name ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|pat}} || <code>-</code> || Patronymic
+
| {{tag|pat}} || <code>-</code> || Patronymic ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|pers}} || <code>-</code> || Personal
+
| {{tag|pers}} || <code>-</code> || Personal ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|acr}} || <code>-</code> || Acronym
+
| {{tag|acr}} || <code>-</code> || Acronym ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|al}} || <code>-</code> || Other
+
| {{tag|al}} || <code>-</code> || Other ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|ind}} || <code>-</code> || Indefinite
+
| {{tag|ind}} || <code>-</code> || Indefinite ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|dem}} || <code>-</code> || Demonstrative
+
| {{tag|dem}} || <code>-</code> || Demonstrative ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|recip}} || <code>-</code> || Reciprocal
+
| {{tag|recip}} || <code>-</code> || Reciprocal ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|itg}} || <code>-</code> || Interrogative
+
| {{tag|itg}} || <code>-</code> || Interrogative ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|qnt}} || <code>-</code> || Quantifier
+
| {{tag|qnt}} || <code>-</code> || Quantifier ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|ord}} || <code>-</code> || Ordinal
+
| {{tag|ord}} || <code>-</code> || Ordinal ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|ref}} || <code>-</code> || Reflexive
+
| {{tag|ref}} || <code>-</code> || Reflexive ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|m}} || <code>-</code> || Masculine
+
| {{tag|m}} || <code>-</code> || Masculine ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|f}} || <code>-</code> || Feminine
+
| {{tag|f}} || <code>-</code> || Feminine ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|mf}} || <code>-</code> || Masculine/feminine
+
| {{tag|mf}} || <code>-</code> || Masculine/feminine ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|sg}} || <code>-</code> || Singular
+
| {{tag|sg}} || <code>-</code> || Singular ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|pl}} || <code>-</code> || Plural
+
| {{tag|pl}} || <code>-</code> || Plural ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|p1}} || <code>-</code> || First person
+
| {{tag|p1}} || <code>-</code> || First person ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|p2}} || <code>-</code> || Second person
+
| {{tag|p2}} || <code>-</code> || Second person ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|p3}} || <code>-</code> || Third person
+
| {{tag|p3}} || <code>-</code> || Third person ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|px}} || <code>-{N}{I}ки{n}</code> || Possessive
+
| {{tag|px}} || <code>-{N}{I}ки{n}</code> || Possessive ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|px1sg}} || <code>-{I}м</code> || Possessive: First person singular
+
| {{tag|px1sg}} || <code>-{I}м</code> || Possessive: First person singular ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|px2sg}} || <code>-{I}нг</code> || Possessive: Second person singular
+
| {{tag|px2sg}} || <code>-{I}нг</code> || Possessive: Second person singular ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|px3sp}} || <code>-{s}{I}{n}</code> || Possessive: Third person singular/plural
+
| {{tag|px3sp}} || <code>-{s}{I}{n}</code> || Possessive: Third person singular/plural ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|px1pl}} || <code>-{I}б{I}з</code> || Possessive: First person plural
+
| {{tag|px1pl}} || <code>-{I}б{I}з</code> || Possessive: First person plural ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|px2pl}} || <code>-{I}г{I}з</code> || Possessive: Second person plural
+
| {{tag|px2pl}} || <code>-{I}г{I}з</code> || Possessive: Second person plural ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|px3pl}} || <code>-л{A}р</code> || Possessive: Third person plural
+
| {{tag|px3pl}} || <code>-л{A}р</code> || Possessive: Third person plural ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|nom}} || <code>-</code> || Nominative
+
| {{tag|nom}} || <code>-</code> || Nominative ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|gen}} || <code>-{N}{I}{ң}</code> || Genitive
+
| {{tag|gen}} || <code>-{N}{I}{ң}</code> || Genitive ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|dat}} || <code>-г{A}</code> || Dative
+
| {{tag|dat}} || <code>-г{A}</code> || Dative ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|acc}} || <code>-{N}{I}</code> || Accusative
+
| {{tag|acc}} || <code>-{N}{I}</code> || Accusative ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|loc}} || <code>-д{A}</code> || Locative
+
| {{tag|loc}} || <code>-д{A}</code> || Locative ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|abl}} || <code>-д{A}н</code> || Ablative
+
| {{tag|abl}} || <code>-д{A}н</code> || Ablative ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|abe}} || <code>-с{I}з</code> || Abessive
+
| {{tag|abe}} || <code>-с{I}з</code> || Abessive ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|sim}} || <code>-д{A}й</code> || Similative
+
| {{tag|sim}} || <code>-д{A}й</code> || Similative ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|iv}} || <code>-</code> || Intransitive
+
| {{tag|iv}} || <code>-</code> || Intransitive ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|tv}} || <code>-</code> || Transitive
+
| {{tag|tv}} || <code>-</code> || Transitive ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|pass}} || <code>-{I}л</code> || Passive
+
| {{tag|pass}} || <code>-{I}л</code> || Passive ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|coop}} || <code>-{I}ш</code> || Cooperative
+
| {{tag|coop}} || <code>-{I}ш</code> || Cooperative ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|caus}} || <code>-</code> || Causative
+
| {{tag|caus}} || <code>-</code> || Causative ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|neg}} || <code>-м{A}</code> || Negative
+
| {{tag|neg}} || <code>-м{A}</code> || Negative ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|fut}} || <code>-{I}р, -{A}р</code> || Future
+
| {{tag|fut}} || <code>-{I}р, -{A}р</code> || Future ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|aor}} || <code>-{E}</code> || Aorist
+
| {{tag|aor}} || <code>-{E}</code> || Aorist ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|past}} || <code>-г{A}н</code> || Past
+
| {{tag|past}} || <code>-г{A}н</code> || Past ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|pros}} || <code>-{A}ж{A}к</code> || Prospective
+
| {{tag|pros}} || <code>-{A}ж{A}к</code> || Prospective ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|ifi}} || <code>-д{I}</code> || Past definite
+
| {{tag|ifi}} || <code>-д{I}</code> || Past definite ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|imp}} || <code>-</code> || Imperative
+
| {{tag|imp}} || <code>-</code> || Imperative ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|opt}} || <code>-</code> || Optative
+
| {{tag|opt}} || <code>-</code> || Optative ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|inf}} || <code>-м{A}к</code> || Infinitive
+
| {{tag|inf}} || <code>-м{A}к</code> || Infinitive ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|ger}} || <code>-{I}в</code> || Gerund
+
| {{tag|ger}} || <code>-{I}в</code> || Gerund ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|ger1}} || <code>-м{A}</code> || Gerund #1
+
| {{tag|ger1}} || <code>-м{A}</code> || Gerund #1 ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|ger_past}} || <code>-г{A}н</code> || Past gerund
+
| {{tag|ger_past}} || <code>-г{A}н</code> || Past gerund ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|ger_pros}} || <code>-{A}ж{A}к</code> || Prospective gerund
+
| {{tag|ger_pros}} || <code>-{A}ж{A}к</code> || Prospective gerund ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|ger_impf}} || <code>-{E}г{A}н</code> || Imperfective gerund
+
| {{tag|ger_impf}} || <code>-{E}г{A}н</code> || Imperfective gerund ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|prc_perf}} || <code>-{I}п</code> || Perfect participle
+
| {{tag|prc_perf}} || <code>-{I}п</code> || Perfect participle ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|prc_cond}} || <code>-с{A}</code> || Conditional participle
+
| {{tag|prc_cond}} || <code>-с{A}</code> || Conditional participle ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|gna_perf}} || <code>-{I}п</code> || Perfective verbal adverb
+
| {{tag|gna_perf}} || <code>-{I}п</code> || Perfective verbal adverb ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|gna_cond}} || <code>-с{A}</code> || Conditional verbal adverb
+
| {{tag|gna_cond}} || <code>-с{A}</code> || Conditional verbal adverb ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|gna_until}} || <code>-г{I}нч{A}</code> || Verbal adverb "until..."
+
| {{tag|gna_until}} || <code>-г{I}нч{A}</code> || Verbal adverb "until..." ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|gna_after}} || <code>-г{A}нл{I}</code> || Verbal adverb "after..."
+
| {{tag|gna_after}} || <code>-г{A}нл{I}</code> || Verbal adverb "after..." ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|gpr_past}} || <code>-г{A}н</code> || Past verbal adjective
+
| {{tag|gpr_past}} || <code>-г{A}н</code> || Past verbal adjective ||
|-
+
|-
| {{tag|gpr_impf}} || <code>-{E}г{A}н</code> || Imperfective verbal adjective
+
| {{tag|gpr_impf}} || <code>-{E}г{A}н</code> || Imperfective verbal adjective ||
|-
+
|-
  +
   
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 12:20, 16 October 2013

Stuff about Kumyk.

Non-finite forms

  • -GAnlI: "since..."
    • Бизин уьлке янгы девюрде, янгы къурумда оьмюр сюрегенли 20 йылгъа ювукъ бола.
  • -GAnčA: "until..."
    • Йырчы Къазакъгъа гьали болгъанча ялаябылып турагъанлыкъ огъар бугьтан болуп токътай.
      • In kaz,lexc
%<gna_until%> ! -{G}{A}нш{A}
              !# "Мен кеткенше ол жауап бермейді.";
      • In tat.lexc
%<gna_until%> ! -{G}{A}нч{I}
              ! (name covers only the temporal meaning of it, form has more)
              !# "Авылның басу капкасына _җиткәнче_ эңгер-меңгердә карлы юлдан
              !# озак кайта ул.";

Аффикс вопроса

http://кумыкский-язык.рф/olmesov2000/olmesov2000_glagol.php
Прошедшее незаконченное время (Битмеген гетген заман) в кумыкском языке ⤴

Постановка аффикса вопроса: аффикс вопроса может стоять и после основного глагола на -а, -е, -й, и после вспомогательного глагола эди: язамы эдинг? // яза эдингми? Предпочтение отдают форме язамы эдинг?

Прошедшее незаконченное время (Битмеген гетген заман) в кумыкском языке ⤴

Постановка аффикса вопроса: аффикс вопроса может стоять только после вспомогательного глагола: Айта болгъанмы? “Говорил ли?”


Настоящее время (Гьалиги заман) ⤴
Вопросительная форма – Сорав форма Единственное число 	Множественное число
Мен бараманмы? – я иду? 	Биз барабызмы? – мы идем?
Сен барамысан? – ты идешь? 	Сиз барамысыз? – вы идете?
О, ол барамы? – он идет? 	Олар барамы? – они идут?

Давнопрошедшее время (Тезден гетген заман) в кумыкском языке ⤴

Постановка аффикса вопроса: аффикс вопроса может стоять и после основного глагола на -гъан и после вспомогательного глагола эди: Язгъанмы эдим // язгъан эдимми? “Писал (написал) ли я когда-то?”, “Писал (написал) ли я прежде?”.

Постановка аффикса вопроса: аффикс вопроса может стоять только после вспомогательного глагола: Язгъан болгъанманмы? “Писал ли я когда-то?”, “Написал ли я когда-то?”

Tagset

Tag Morpheme Description Example
<n> - Noun
<v> - Verb
<np> - Proper noun
<ij> - Interjection
<num> - Numeral
<adj> - Adjective
<cop> - Copula
<det> - Determiner
<prn> - Pronoun
<adv> - Adverb
<post> - Postposition
<vaux> - Auxiliary verb
<postadv> - Postadverb
<cnjsub> - Subordinating conjunction
<cnjcoo> - Coordinating conjunction
<cnjadv> - Adverbial conjunction
<emph> - Emphatic word
<abbr> - Abbreviation
<qst> - Question word
<attr> - Attributive (modifier)
<subst> - Substantive
<advl> - Adverbial
<top> - Toponym
<ant> - Anthroponym (first name)
<cog> - Second name
<pat> - Patronymic
<pers> - Personal
<acr> - Acronym
<al> - Other
<ind> - Indefinite
<dem> - Demonstrative
<recip> - Reciprocal
<itg> - Interrogative
<qnt> - Quantifier
<ord> - Ordinal
<ref> - Reflexive
<m> - Masculine
<f> - Feminine
<mf> - Masculine/feminine
<sg> - Singular
<pl> - Plural
<p1> - First person
<p2> - Second person
<p3> - Third person
<px> -{N}{I}ки{n} Possessive
<px1sg> -{I}м Possessive: First person singular
<px2sg> -{I}нг Possessive: Second person singular
<px3sp> -{s}{I}{n} Possessive: Third person singular/plural
<px1pl> -{I}б{I}з Possessive: First person plural
<px2pl> -{I}г{I}з Possessive: Second person plural
<px3pl> -л{A}р Possessive: Third person plural
<nom> - Nominative
<gen> -{N}{I}{ң} Genitive
<dat> -г{A} Dative
<acc> -{N}{I} Accusative
<loc> -д{A} Locative
<abl> -д{A}н Ablative
<abe> -с{I}з Abessive
<sim> -д{A}й Similative
<iv> - Intransitive
<tv> - Transitive
<pass> -{I}л Passive
<coop> -{I}ш Cooperative
<caus> - Causative
<neg> -м{A} Negative
<fut> -{I}р, -{A}р Future
<aor> -{E} Aorist
<past> -г{A}н Past
<pros> -{A}ж{A}к Prospective
<ifi> -д{I} Past definite
<imp> - Imperative
<opt> - Optative
<inf> -м{A}к Infinitive
<ger> -{I}в Gerund
<ger1> -м{A} Gerund #1
<ger_past> -г{A}н Past gerund
<ger_pros> -{A}ж{A}к Prospective gerund
<ger_impf> -{E}г{A}н Imperfective gerund
<prc_perf> -{I}п Perfect participle
<prc_cond> -с{A} Conditional participle
<gna_perf> -{I}п Perfective verbal adverb
<gna_cond> -с{A} Conditional verbal adverb
<gna_until> -г{I}нч{A} Verbal adverb "until..."
<gna_after> -г{A}нл{I} Verbal adverb "after..."
<gpr_past> -г{A}н Past verbal adjective
<gpr_impf> -{E}г{A}н Imperfective verbal adjective

See also