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India's Languages[edit]
As each gathering began building up their own arrangement of jargon and sentence structure, every language got explicit and extraordinary to a gathering of individuals or human progress.India is a Land of Diversity In the words of Raj Thackrey, “India is like Europe. This means there is one currency and numerous languages and cultures. This is “Europe” made up of various cultures.”
There is no single language that the whole of the nation speaks or a single language that has been declared as the “National Language.” India has a total of 122 major languages and 1599 other languages (Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India). Hindi and English are used by the central government while each state has the freedom to choose its official language. A total of twenty two languages have been declared as the scheduled languages. It can be correctly quoted for India and Indians that“Languages connect us and break down barriers when we unite to nurture the best in us and help each other succeed.”
The Indian languages belong to four language families: Indo-European, Dravidian, Mon-Khmer, and Sino-Tibetan. Indo-European and Dravidian languages are used by a large majority of India's population. The language families divide roughly into geographic groups. Languages of the Indo-European group are spoken mainly in northern and central regions.
The languages of southern India are mainly of the Dravidian group. Some ethnic groups in Assam and other parts of eastern India speak languages of the Mon-Khmer group. People in the northern Himalayan region and near the Burmese border speak Sino-Tibetan languages.
Speakers of 54 different languages of the Indo-European family make up about three-quarters of India's population. Twenty Dravidian languages are spoken by nearly a quarter of the people. Speakers of 20 Mon-Khmer languages and 98 Sino-Tibetan languages together make up about 2 percent of the population.
Most widely spoken languages of India[edit]
- Hindi
- English
- Bengali
- Marathi
- Telegu
- Tamil
- Malayalam
- Kashmiri
- Urdu
- Sanskrit
Status[edit]
| Name | Language | Stems | Covergae | Loctaion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apertium-hin | Hindi | 37,833 | ~83.1% | Apertium-hin |
| Apertium-urd | Urdu | 14,943 | ~64.6% | Apertium-urd |
Existing language pairs[edit]
| Language pairs | Language 1 | Language 2 |
|---|---|---|
| apertium-urd-hin | Urdu | Hindi |
| apertium-eng-hin | English | Hindi |
| apertium-as-hi | Assamese | Hindi |
| apertium-bn-hi | Bengali | Hindi |
| apertium-guj-hin | Gujarati | Hindi |
| apertium-hin-pan | Hindi | Punjabi |
| apertium-mar-hin | Marathi | Hindi |
| apertium-snd-hin | Sindhi | Hindi |
| apertium-urd-pan | Urdu | Punjabi |
| apertium-urd-snd | Urdu | Sindhi |
Vulnerability[edit]
This table summarizes the vulnerability of various Indian languages. Vulnerability data is derived from the ‘Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, © UNESCO, http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas’,IASSCORE and Wikipedia.
| Language | Status | ISO 639-3 | State where language is spoken |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aimol | Critically endangered | aim | Manipur |
| Baghati | Critically endangered | bfz | Himachal Pradesh |
| Bellari | Critically endangered | brw | Karnataka |
| Gadaba | Critically endangered | gdb, gau | Andhra Pradesh |
| Handuri | Critically endangered | hii | Himachal Pradesh |
| Koraga | Vulnerable | nbe | Karnataka |
| Kuruba | Critically endangered | kfi | Karnataka |
| Sentilese | Vulnerable | sen | Andaman & Nicobar |
| Mandeali | Definitely endangered | mjl | Himachal Pradesh |
| Mara | Definitely endangered | mrh | Mizoram |
Sample Text[edit]
This section contains examples of text of Indian languages.
text="All human beings are born free and equal in value and rights. Everyone is endowed with wisdom and conscience, so it is imperative for them to treat one another with the spirit of brotherhood."
| Language | Text |
|---|---|
| Hindi | सभी मनुष्य मूल्य और अधिकारों में स्वतंत्र और समान पैदा होते हैं। हर कोई ज्ञान और विवेक से संपन्न है, इसलिए उनके लिए भाईचारे की भावना के साथ एक-दूसरे के साथ व्यवहार करना अनिवार्य है। |
| Bengali | সমস্ত ধর্ম মূল্য এবং অধিকারসমূহে স্বতন্ত্র এবং সমান উত্পাদন রয়েছে। হরিণ এবং জ্ঞানচর্চা থেকে রবীন্দ্রনাথ, তাই আমাদের ভ্রাতৃত্বের সাথে একটি অনুভূতি রয়েছে যার সাথে অনুশীলন করা যেতে পারে वार |
| Marathi | सर्व मानव स्वतंत्र आणि समान आणि मूल्य आणि अधिकारात जन्माला येतात. प्रत्येकजण शहाणपणा आणि विवेकबुद्धीने संपन्न आहे म्हणूनच बंधुत्वाच्या भावनेने एकमेकांशी वागणे अत्यावश्यक आहे. |
| Telugu | మానవులందరూ స్వేచ్ఛగా మరియు విలువ మరియు హక్కులలో సమానంగా జన్మించారు. ప్రతి ఒక్కరూ జ్ఞానం మరియు మనస్సాక్షిని కలిగి ఉంటారు, కాబట్టి ఆత్మ యొక్క సోదరభావం మరొకరితో వారిని అత్యవసరంగా చూస్తుంది. |
| Tamil | எல்லா மனிதர்களும் சுதந்திரமாகவும் மதிப்பு மற்றும் உரிமைகளில் சமமாகவும் பிறந்தவர்கள். ஒவ்வொருவருக்கும் ஞானமும் மனசாட்சியும் உண்டு, ஆகவே அவர்கள் ஒருவருக்கொருவர் சகோதரத்துவ மனப்பான்மையுடன் நடந்துகொள்வது கட்டாயமாகும். |
| Urdu | تمام انسان آزاد اور مساوی اور حقوق کے برابر پیدا ہوئے ہیں۔ ہر ایک عقل اور ضمیر سے مالا مال ہے ، لہذا ان کے لئے لازم ہے کہ آپس میں بھائی چارے کے جذبے سے پیش آئیں۔ |
| Punjabi | ਸਾਰੇ ਮਨੁੱਖ ਜਨਮ ਅਤੇ ਆਜ਼ਾਦ ਅਤੇ ਮੁੱਲ ਅਤੇ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਬਰਾਬਰ ਪੈਦਾ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ. ਹਰ ਕੋਈ ਬੁੱਧ ਅਤੇ ਜ਼ਮੀਰ ਨਾਲ ਬਖਸ਼ਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ ਹੈ, ਇਸ ਲਈ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਇਕ ਦੂਜੇ ਨਾਲ ਭਾਈਚਾਰੇ ਦੀ ਭਾਵਨਾ ਨਾਲ ਪੇਸ਼ ਆਉਣ. |
| Malayalam | എല്ലാ മനുഷ്യരും സ്വതന്ത്രമായും മൂല്യത്തിലും അവകാശങ്ങളിലും തുല്യരായി ജനിക്കുന്നു. ഓരോരുത്തർക്കും ജ്ഞാനവും മന ci സാക്ഷിയും ഉണ്ട്, അതിനാൽ അവർ പരസ്പരം സാഹോദര്യത്തിന്റെ മനോഭാവത്തോടെ പെരുമാറേണ്ടത് അത്യാവശ്യമാണ്. |
| Kannada | ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಮಾನವರು ಮುಕ್ತ ಮತ್ತು ಮೌಲ್ಯ ಮತ್ತು ಹಕ್ಕುಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಸಮಾನವಾಗಿ ಜನಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಬ್ಬರೂ ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತಿಕೆ ಮತ್ತು ಆತ್ಮಸಾಕ್ಷಿಯನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದ್ದಾರೆ, ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಅವರು ಪರಸ್ಪರ ಸಹೋದರತ್ವದ ಮನೋಭಾವದಿಂದ ವರ್ತಿಸುವುದು ಕಡ್ಡಾಯವಾಗಿದೆ |
