Difference between revisions of "Morphology of Chuvash"

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(→‎"Russian" nouns ending in ‹о›: bringing back deleted forms)
 
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This page is for analyses and organisation of materials on Chuvash. See also [[Morphology of Chuvash/Questions]] for standing questions that need attention.
  +
  +
== Morphophonology ==
  +
  +
=== "Russian" nouns ending in ‹о› ===
  +
 
{|class="wikitable"
  
{|class="wikitable"
 
|-
  
|-
 
!rowspan=2| noun
  
!rowspan=2| noun
 
!colspan=4| phonetic properties
  
!colspan=4| phonetic properties
−
!colspan=2| declined forms
 +
!colspan=3| declined forms
 
|-
  
|-
−
!pronunciation
 +
!ru pronunciation
 
![ɔ]?
  
![ɔ]?
 
!σ́]
  
!σ́]
 
!decl?
  
!decl?
−
!form
 +
!px3 form
 
!о→ов?
  
!о→ов?
  +
!gen form
 
|-
  
|-
 
! пальто
  
! пальто
  +
| [palʲˈtɔ]
  +
| Y
  +
| Y
  +
| N
  +
| [[Пальто|пальти]], пальтовӗ
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| N (not it he standard language but used)
  +
| [[Пальто|пальтон]]
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! звено
−
! правительство
  
  +
|
  +
| Y
  +
| ?
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| Y
  +
| [[Звено|звени]]
  +
| N
  +
| [[Звено|звенон]]
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! министерство
−
! дело
  
  +
|
  +
| N
  +
|
  +
| Y
  +
| [[Министерство|министерстви]]
  +
| N
  +
| [[Министерство|министерствӑн]]
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|-
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! барокко
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|
  +
| N
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|
  +
| N
  +
| [[Барокко|барокки]]
  +
| N
  +
| [[Барокко|бароккӑн]]
 
|-
  
|-
 
! радио
  
! радио
  +
| [ˈradʲiɔ]
  +
| Y
  +
| N
  +
| N
  +
| [[Радио|радиовӗ]]
  +
| Y
  +
| [[Радио|радион]]
 
|-
  
|-
 
! кино
  
! кино
  +
| [kʲiˈnɔ]
  +
| Y
  +
| Y
  +
| N
  +
| [[Кино|киновӗ]]
  +
| Y
  +
| [[Кино|кинон]]
  +
|-
  +
! правительство
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| [praˈvʲitʲɪlstva]
  +
| N
  +
| N
  +
| Y
  +
| правительстви
  +
| N
  +
|-
  +
! дело
  +
| [ˈdʲela]
  +
| N
  +
| N
  +
| Y
  +
| [[Дело|дели]]
  +
| N
  +
|}
  +
  +
=== "Russian" nouns ending in ‹у› ===
  +
  +
{|class="wikitable"
  +
|-
  +
!rowspan=2| noun
  +
!colspan=2| phonetic properties
  +
!colspan=2| declined forms
  +
|-
  +
!stressed ending vowel?
  +
!decl?
  +
!px3 form
  +
!gen form
  +
|-
  +
! кенгуру
  +
| Y
  +
| N
  +
| [[Кенгуру|кенгурӑвӗ ]]
  +
| [[Кенгуру|кенгурун]]
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|-
  +
! Турку
  +
| N
  +
| N
  +
| [[Турку|Турки]]
  +
| [[Турку|Туркӑн]]
 
|}
  
|}
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It must be said that:
  +
* These forms are very seldom used.
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* There are different opinions about кенгуру. We finally got the one of the Chuvash orthographic dictionary, which is becoming our main reference.
  +
* There is not any discussion about the unstressed у form. We used the form for such "Russian" words with unstressed back vowels as министерство, барокко (вето, гетто, евро, эсперанто...) and литература, whose endings differ only in the "dictionary" form.
  +
  +
=== Archiphonemes ===
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  +
==== {ӗ} ====
  +
<pre>
  +
realisation environment examples
  +
----------- ----------- --------
  +
ӗ after consonants вӑкӑр>{ӗ}{н}:вӑкӑрӗ
  +
0 before dative вӑкӑр>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:вӑкӑрна
  +
и ~after vowels кӳл{ː}ӗ>{ӗ}{н}:кӳлли
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кӗнеке>{ӗ}{н}:кӗнеки
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каҫма>{ӗ}{н}:каҫми
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after {ː} йӗп{ː}>{ӗ}{н}:йӗппи
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~after CCо пальто>{ӗ}{н}:пальти
  +
  +
  +
triggers front vowel harmony even when 0
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склад>{ӗ}{н}>{Т}{А}н:склачӗнчен
  +
ҫын{ː}>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:ҫыннине
  +
вӑкӑр>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:вӑкӑрне
  +
triggers т|д → ч _ when present
  +
ҫурт>{ӗ}{н}:ҫурчӗ
  +
склад>{ӗ}:склачӗ
  +
triggers у|ӳ|о → ӑв|ӗв|ов _ even when 0, only after single consonant
  +
ту>{ӗ}{н}:тӑвӗ
  +
ту>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:тӑвна
  +
пӳ>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:пӗвне
  +
кино>{ӗ}{н}:киновӗ
  +
triggers gemination _ in geminate roots
  +
пул{ː}ӑ>{ӗ}{н}:пулли
  +
йӗп{ː}>{ӗ}{н}:йӗппи
  +
triggers ь:и _
  +
кӗсье>{ӗ}{н}:кӗсйи
  +
</pre>

Latest revision as of 18:14, 23 September 2012

This page is for analyses and organisation of materials on Chuvash. See also Morphology of Chuvash/Questions for standing questions that need attention.

Morphophonology[edit]

"Russian" nouns ending in ‹о›[edit]

noun phonetic properties declined forms
ru pronunciation [ɔ]? σ́] decl? px3 form о→ов? gen form
пальто [palʲˈtɔ] Y Y N пальти, пальтовӗ N (not it he standard language but used) пальтон
звено Y ? Y звени N звенон
министерство N Y министерстви N министерствӑн
барокко N N барокки N бароккӑн
радио [ˈradʲiɔ] Y N N радиовӗ Y радион
кино [kʲiˈnɔ] Y Y N киновӗ Y кинон
правительство [praˈvʲitʲɪlstva] N N Y правительстви N
дело [ˈdʲela] N N Y дели N

"Russian" nouns ending in ‹у›[edit]

noun phonetic properties declined forms
stressed ending vowel? decl? px3 form gen form
кенгуру Y N кенгурӑвӗ кенгурун
Турку N N Турки Туркӑн

It must be said that:

  • These forms are very seldom used.
  • There are different opinions about кенгуру. We finally got the one of the Chuvash orthographic dictionary, which is becoming our main reference.
  • There is not any discussion about the unstressed у form. We used the form for such "Russian" words with unstressed back vowels as министерство, барокко (вето, гетто, евро, эсперанто...) and литература, whose endings differ only in the "dictionary" form.

Archiphonemes[edit]

{ӗ}[edit]

realisation  environment        examples
-----------  -----------        --------
ӗ            after consonants   вӑкӑр>{ӗ}{н}:вӑкӑрӗ
0            before dative      вӑкӑр>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:вӑкӑрна
и            ~after vowels      кӳл{ː}ӗ>{ӗ}{н}:кӳлли
                                кӗнеке>{ӗ}{н}:кӗнеки
                                каҫма>{ӗ}{н}:каҫми
             after {ː}          йӗп{ː}>{ӗ}{н}:йӗппи
             ~after CCо         пальто>{ӗ}{н}:пальти


triggers front vowel harmony even when 0
   склад>{ӗ}{н}>{Т}{А}н:склачӗнчен
   ҫын{ː}>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:ҫыннине
   вӑкӑр>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:вӑкӑрне
triggers т|д → ч _ when present
   ҫурт>{ӗ}{н}:ҫурчӗ
   склад>{ӗ}:склачӗ
triggers у|ӳ|о → ӑв|ӗв|ов _ even when 0, only after single consonant
   ту>{ӗ}{н}:тӑвӗ
   ту>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:тӑвна
   пӳ>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:пӗвне
   кино>{ӗ}{н}:киновӗ
triggers gemination _ in geminate roots
   пул{ː}ӑ>{ӗ}{н}:пулли
   йӗп{ː}>{ӗ}{н}:йӗппи
triggers ь:и _
   кӗсье>{ӗ}{н}:кӗсйи
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