Difference between revisions of "Languages of India"
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This table summarizes the vulnerability of various Indian languages. Vulnerability data is derived from the ‘Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, © UNESCO, http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas’,[https://iasscore.in/national-issues/protection-of-endangered-languages IASSCORE] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_endangered_languages_in_India Wikipedia]. |
This table summarizes the vulnerability of various Indian languages. Vulnerability data is derived from the ‘Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, © UNESCO, http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas’,[https://iasscore.in/national-issues/protection-of-endangered-languages IASSCORE] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_endangered_languages_in_India Wikipedia]. |
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− | {| style="text-align: center;" class="wikitable dixtable" |
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− | |- style="background: #ececec" |
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− | ! !! eng !! hin |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''eng''' || - || [[Apertium-eng-hin|eng-hin]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-eng-hin/stat |
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− | s|eng-hin_stems}} |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''hin''' || [[Apertium-eng-hin|eng-hin]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-eng-hin/stats|eng |
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− | -hin_stems}} || - |
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− | |- |
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− | | || || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''afr''' || [[Apertium-eng-afr|eng-afr]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-eng-afr/stats|eng |
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− | -afr_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''asm''' || ''[[Apertium-asm-eng|asm-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-asm-eng/stats |
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− | |asm-eng_stems}} || ''[[Apertium-as-hi|as-hi]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-as-hi/stats| |
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− | as-hi_stems}} |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''ben''' || ''[[Apertium-bn-en|bn-en]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-bn-en/stats|bn-en |
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− | _stems}} || ''[[Apertium-bn-hi|bn-hi]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-bn-hi/stats|bn-hi_st |
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− | ems}} |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''bul''' || [[Apertium-bg-en|bg-en]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-bg-en/stats|bg-en_ste |
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− | ms}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''cat''' || '''[[Apertium-en-ca|en-ca]]'''<br>'''{{#lst:Apertium-en-ca/stats| |
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− | en-ca_stems}}''' || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''ckb''' || ''[[Apertium-ckb-eng|ckb-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-ckb-eng/stats |
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− | |ckb-eng_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''cym''' || '''[[Apertium-cy-en|cy-en]]'''<br>'''{{#lst:Apertium-cy-en/stats| |
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− | cy-en_stems}}''' || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''dan''' || ''[[Apertium-da-en|da-en]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-da-en/stats|da-en |
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− | _stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''deu''' || [[Apertium-eng-deu|eng-deu]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-eng-deu/stats|eng |
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− | -deu_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''ell''' || ''[[Apertium-ell-eng|ell-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-ell-eng/stats |
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− | |ell-eng_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''epo''' || '''[[Apertium-eo-en|eo-en]]'''<br>'''{{#lst:Apertium-eo-en/stats| |
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− | eo-en_stems}}''' || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''eus''' || '''[[Apertium-eu-en|eu-en]]'''<br>'''{{#lst:Apertium-eu-en/stats| |
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− | eu-en_stems}}''' || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''fin''' || [[Apertium-fin-eng|fin-eng]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-fin-eng/stats|fin |
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− | -eng_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''fra''' || ''[[Apertium-fra-eng|fra-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-fra-eng/stats |
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− | |fra-eng_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''gla''' || ''[[Apertium-en-gd|en-gd]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-en-gd/stats|en-gd |
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− | _stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''gle''' || ''[[Apertium-en-ga|en-ga]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-en-ga/stats|en-ga |
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− | _stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''glg''' || '''[[Apertium-en-gl|en-gl]]'''<br>'''{{#lst:Apertium-en-gl/stats| |
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− | en-gl_stems}}''' || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''glv''' || ''[[Apertium-en-gv|en-gv]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-en-gv/stats|en-gv |
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− | _stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''guj''' || || ''[[Apertium-guj-hin|guj-hin]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-guj-hin/s |
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− | tats|guj-hin_stems}} |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''hat''' || ''[[Apertium-ht-en|ht-en]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-ht-en/stats|ht-en |
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− | _stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''haw''' || ''[[Apertium-haw-eng|haw-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-haw-eng/stats |
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− | |haw-eng_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''hbs''' || '''[[Apertium-hbs-eng|hbs-eng]]'''<br>'''{{#lst:Apertium-hbs-eng/ |
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− | stats|hbs-eng_stems}}''' || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''hun''' || ''[[Apertium-hun-eng|hun-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-hun-eng/stats |
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− | |hun-eng_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''hye''' || [[Apertium-hye-eng|hye-eng]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-hye-eng/stats|hye |
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− | -eng_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''ina''' || ''[[Apertium-eng-ina|eng-ina]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-eng-ina/stats |
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− | |eng-ina_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''isl''' || '''[[Apertium-isl-eng|isl-eng]]'''<br>'''{{#lst:Apertium-isl-eng/ |
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− | stats|isl-eng_stems}}''' || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''ita''' || ''[[Apertium-en-it|en-it]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-en-it/stats|en-it |
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− | _stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''kaz''' || '''[[Apertium-eng-kaz|eng-kaz]]'''<br>'''{{#lst:Apertium-eng-kaz/ |
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− | stats|eng-kaz_stems}}''' || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''kir''' || ''[[Apertium-ky-en|ky-en]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-ky-en/stats|ky-en |
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− | _stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''kmr''' || ''[[Apertium-kmr-eng|kmr-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-kmr-eng/stats |
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− | |kmr-eng_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''lat''' || ''[[Apertium-la-en|la-en]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-la-en/stats|la-en |
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− | _stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''lav''' || ''[[Apertium-en-lv|en-lv]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-en-lv/stats|en-lv |
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− | _stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''lit''' || ''[[Apertium-en-lt|en-lt]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-en-lt/stats|en-lt |
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− | _stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''lvs''' || ''[[Apertium-eng-lvs|eng-lvs]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-eng-lvs/stats |
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− | |eng-lvs_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''mal''' || ''[[Apertium-mal-eng|mal-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-mal-eng/stats |
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− | |mal-eng_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''mar''' || ''[[Apertium-mar-eng|mar-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-mar-eng/stats |
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− | |mar-eng_stems}} || ''[[Apertium-mar-hin|mar-hin]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-mar-hin/ |
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− | stats|mar-hin_stems}} |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''mfe''' || ''[[Apertium-mfe-en|mfe-en]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-mfe-en/stats|mf |
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− | e-en_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''mkd''' || '''[[Apertium-mk-en|mk-en]]'''<br>'''{{#lst:Apertium-mk-en/stats| |
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− | mk-en_stems}}''' || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''mlt''' || ''[[Apertium-en-mt|en-mt]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-en-mt/stats|en-mt |
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− | _stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''nep''' || ''[[Apertium-ne-en|ne-en]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-ne-en/stats|ne-en |
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− | _stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''nld''' || ''[[Apertium-en-nl|en-nl]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-en-nl/stats|en-nl |
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− | _stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''nor''' || [[Apertium-nor-eng|nor-eng]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-nor-eng/stats|nor |
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− | -eng_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''pan''' || || ''[[Apertium-pa-hi|pa-hi]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-pa-hi/stats|p |
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− | a-hi_stems}} |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''pes''' || ''[[Apertium-pes-eng|pes-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-pes-eng/stats |
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− | |pes-eng_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''pol''' || ''[[Apertium-en-pl|en-pl]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-en-pl/stats|en-pl |
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− | _stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''por''' || [[Apertium-en-pt|en-pt]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-en-pt/stats|en-pt_ste |
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− | ms}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''rus''' || ''[[Apertium-en-ru|en-ru]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-en-ru/stats|en-ru |
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− | _stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''sah''' || ''[[Apertium-sah-eng|sah-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-sah-eng/stats |
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− | |sah-eng_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''sco''' || ''[[Apertium-eng-sco|eng-sco]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-eng-sco/stats |
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− | |eng-sco_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''sin''' || ''[[Apertium-si-en|si-en]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-si-en/stats|si-en |
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− | _stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''sjo''' || ''[[Apertium-sjo-eng|sjo-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-sjo-eng/stats |
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− | |sjo-eng_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''slv''' || ''[[Apertium-sl-en|sl-en]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-sl-en/stats|sl-en |
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− | _stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''snd''' || || ''[[Apertium-snd-hin|snd-hin]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-snd-hin/s |
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− | tats|snd-hin_stems}} |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''spa''' || '''[[Apertium-en-es|en-es]]'''<br>'''{{#lst:Apertium-en-es/stats| |
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− | en-es_stems}}''' || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''sqi''' || ''[[Apertium-en-sq|en-sq]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-en-sq/stats|en-sq |
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− | _stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''srn''' || ''[[Apertium-eng-srn|eng-srn]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-eng-srn/stats |
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− | |eng-srn_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''swa''' || ''[[Apertium-swa-eng|swa-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-swa-eng/stats |
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− | |swa-eng_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''swe''' || ''[[Apertium-swe-eng|swe-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-swe-eng/stats |
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− | |swe-eng_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''tat''' || ''[[Apertium-tat-eng|tat-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-tat-eng/stats |
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− | |tat-eng_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''tel''' || ''[[Apertium-eng-tel|eng-tel]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-eng-tel/stats |
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− | |eng-tel_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''tgk''' || ''[[Apertium-tg-en|tg-en]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-tg-en/stats|tg-en |
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− | _stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''tha''' || ''[[Apertium-tha-eng|tha-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-tha-eng/stats |
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− | |tha-eng_stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''tur''' || ''[[Apertium-tr-en|tr-en]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-tr-en/stats|tr-en |
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− | _stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''urd''' || || '''[[Apertium-urd-hin|urd-hin]]'''<br>'''{{#lst:Apertium-urd- |
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− | hin/stats|urd-hin_stems}}''' |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''vie''' || ''[[Apertium-vi-en|vi-en]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-vi-en/stats|vi-en |
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− | _stems}} || |
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− | |- |
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− | | '''zlm''' || ''[[Apertium-zlm-eng|zlm-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-zlm-eng/stats |
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− | |zlm-eng_stems}} || |
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− | |} |
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Revision as of 04:44, 18 December 2019
The Indian languages belong to six language families: Indo-Aryan language family,Austroasiatic language family,Dravidian language family, Sino-Tibetan language family,Tai–Kadai language family and Great Andamanese languages.
Status
Name | Language | Stems | Covergae | Loctaion |
---|---|---|---|---|
Apertium-hin | Hindi | 37,833 | ~83.1% | Apertium-hin |
Apertium-urd | Urdu | 14,943 | ~64.6% | Apertium-urd |
Existing language pairs
Language pairs | Language 1 | Language 2 |
---|---|---|
apertium-urd-hin | Urdu | Hindi |
apertium-eng-hin | English | Hindi |
apertium-as-hi | Assamese | Hindi |
apertium-bn-hi | Bengali | Hindi |
apertium-guj-hin | Gujarati | Hindi |
apertium-hin-pan | Hindi | Punjabi |
apertium-mar-hin | Marathi | Hindi |
apertium-snd-hin | Sindhi | Hindi |
apertium-urd-pan | Urdu | Punjabi |
apertium-urd-snd | Urdu | Sindhi |
Vulnerability
This table summarizes the vulnerability of various Indian languages. Vulnerability data is derived from the ‘Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, © UNESCO, http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas’,IASSCORE and Wikipedia.
Most widely spoken languages of India
- Hindi
- English
- Bengali
- Marathi
- Telegu
- Tamil
- Malayalam
- Kashmiri
- Urdu
- Sanskrit
Samples
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Language | Text |
---|---|
Hindi | सभी मनुष्यों को गौरव और अधिकारों के मामले में जन्मजात स्वतन्त्रता और समानता प्राप्त है । उन्हें बुद्धि और अन्तरात्मा की देन प्राप्त है और परस्पर उन्हें भाईचारे के भाव से बर्ताव करना चाहिए । |
Marathi | सर्व मानवी व्यक्ति जन्मतःच स्वतंत्र आहेत व त्यांना समान प्रतिष्ठा व समान अधिकार आहेत. त्यांना विचारशक्ति व सदसविद्वेकबुद्धि लाभलेली आहे. व त्यांनी एकमेकांशी बंधुत्याच्या भावनेने आचरण करावे. |
Sanskrit | सर्वे मानवाः स्वतन्त्राः समुत्पन्नाः वर्तन्ते अपि च, गौरवदृशा अधिकारदृशा च समानाः एव वर्तन्ते। एते सर्वे चेतना-तर्क-शक्तिभ्यां सुसम्पन्नाः सन्ति। अपि च, सर्वेऽपि बन्धुत्व-भावनया परस्परं व्यवहरन्तु। |
Urdu | تمام انسان آزاد اور حقوق و عزت کے اعتبار سے برابر پیدا ہوئے ہیں۔ انہیں ضمیر اور عقل ودیعت ہوئی ہے۔ اس لئے انہیں ایک دوسرے کے ساتھ بھائی چارے کا سلوک کرنا چاہیئے۔ |
Bangla | সমস্ত মানুষ স্বাধীনভাবে সমান মর্যাদা এবং অধিকার নিয়ে জন্মগ্রহণ করে। তাঁদের বিবেক এবং বুদ্ধি আছে; সুতরাং সকলেরই একে অপরের প্রতি ভ্রাতৃত্বসুলভ মনোভাব নিয়ে আচরণ করা উচিত। |
Gujarati | પ્રતિષ્ઠા અને અધિકારોની દૃષ્ટિએ સર્વ માનવો જન્મથી સ્વતંત્ર અને સમાન હોય છે. તેમનામાં વિચારશક્તિ અને અંતઃકરણ હોય છે અને તેમણે પરસ્પર બંધુત્વની ભાવનાથી વર્તવું જોઇએ. |
Punjabi | ਸਾਰਾ ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ ਆਪਣੀ ਮਹਿਮਾ, ਸ਼ਾਨ ਅਤੇ ਹੱਕਾਂ ਦੇ ਪੱਖੋਂ ਜਨਮ ਤੋਂ ਹੀ ਆਜ਼ਾਦ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਸੁਤੇ ਸਿੱਧ ਸਾਰੇ ਲੋਕ ਬਰਾਬਰ ਹਨ । ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਸਭਨਾ ਨੂੰ ਤਰਕ ਅਤੇ ਜ਼ਮੀਰ ਦੀ ਸੌਗਾਤ ਮਿਲੀ ਹੋਈ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਭਰਾਤਰੀਭਾਵ ਦੀ ਭਾਵਨਾ ਰਖਦਿਆਂ ਆਪਸ ਵਿਚ ਵਿਚਰਣਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ । |
Kannada | ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಮಾನವರೂ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರರಾಗಿಯೇ ಜನಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಹಾಗೂ ಘನತೆ ಮತ್ತು ಹಕ್ಕುಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಸಮಾನರಾಗಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ವಿವೇಕ ಮತ್ತು ಅಂತಃಕರಣಗಳನ್ನು ಪಡೆದವರಾದ್ದರಿಂದ ಅವರು ಪರಸ್ಪರ ಸಹೋದರ ಭಾವದಿಂದ ವರ್ತಿಸಬೇಕು. |
Malayalam | മനുഷ്യരെല്ലാവരും തുല്യാവകാശങ്ങളോടും അന്തസ്സോടും സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യത്തോടുംകൂടി ജനിച്ചിട്ടുള്ളവരാണ്. അന്യോന്യം ഭ്രാതൃഭാവത്തോടെ പെരുമാറുവാനാണ് മനുഷ്യന്നു വിവേകബുദ്ധിയും മനസ്സാക്ഷിയും സിദ്ധമായിരിക്കുന്നത്. |
Telegu | ప్రతిపత్తిస్వత్వముల విషయమున మానవులెల్లరును జన్మతః స్వతంత్రులును సమానులును నగుదురు. వారు వివేచన-అంతఃకరణ సంపన్నులగుటచే పరస్పరము భ్రాతృభావముతో వర్తింపవలయును. |
Tamil | எல்லா மனிதர்களும் ஒருவருக்கொருவர் தொடர்பில் சுதந்திரமாகவும், சமமாகவும், சமமாகவும் பிறந்தவர்கள். அவர்கள் புத்திஜீவிகள் வாரியாக இருக்க பரஸ்பரம் சாய்ந்திருக்க வேண்டும். |