Difference between revisions of "Iranian Persian and Tajik/Verb moods and aspects"

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Revision as of 10:47, 16 September 2008

This article is about verbs and their moods and aspects in Persian.

Tenses

Each verb has two roots(Present and Past)

Present

Verb stem in Present tense can be counted impretive in singular form like:(rov, gu, ...)

Present verb is made like the following:

  • stem + conjucation(am,i,-,im,id,and)
  • mi+stem+conjucation
  1. Subjunctive present:This form of verb is in the form that makes the verb dubious or conditional:(This aspect is called "eltezami" in Persian meaning "getting required")
beravam ya naravam(expresses a doubt: "Don't know wether to go")
khahi nashavi(conditional: "if you don't want to become")
in Apertium: '
  • This mood usually gets "be" or "na" behind itself
  1. indicative present:The second form has another aspect. it is indicative(in Persian "ekhbari" and meaning "giving news)
s tag in dictionaries Apertium: ind

Past

Past tense can have 5 common and formal moods and for more ones see wikipedia

  • Present indicative: stem + conjucation (in Persian: Saadeh) - in Apertium::-
This is the present form of the second kind of present


  • Imperfective preterite indicative: mi+stem+conjucation (in Persian: Estemrari) - in Apertium::-
e.g. : miraft : it was going
  • perfect Indicative: stem+'eh'+astan(after conjucating) (in Persian: Naqli : en:quoting) - in Apertium::-
    • This is usuallly used when you quote sth from sb or you want to explain sth has been done. It is usually translated to present perfect or simple past in English.
  • Pluperfect Indicative: stem+'eh'+bud+conjucation (in Persian: ba'id meaning so far) - in Apertium::-
    • This describes things have been done farther in past tense. it is farther than the last item in the tense. in English it is usually past perfect. It can be the past form for the first preset tense i've described above in Persian esp. in conditional sentences.
  • Preterite Subjunctive(fa:Eltezami): stem+'eh'+bash+conjucation - in Apertium::-
    • used when you want to describe a probable or dubious or conditional situaion
      • eg. rafteh bashad ya nabashad (either has has gone or he hasn't)
      • eg. agar rafteh bashad ( if he has gone)
      • eg. ager rafteh bashi ( if you have already gone)

Conjucation of all Persian verbs by grammatical voice

Conjugations

Example verb conjugations for third-person singular form of khordæn "to eat".

Active Voice
Mood Tense Romanization Perso-Arabic current code and consideration in Apertium
Indicative | Present |mikhoræd | style="text-align:right;" | می‌خورد | vblex.pri
Indicative Preterite khord خورد vblex.past
Indicative Imperfective preterite mikhord می‌خورد vblex.pii
Indicative Perfect khordeæst خورده‌است
Indicative Imperfective perfect mikhordeæst می‌خورده‌است
Indicative Pluperfect khorde bud خورده بود vblex.plu
Indicative Imperfective pluperfect mikhorde bud می‌خورده بود
Indicative Future khāhæd khord خواهد خورد vblex.fti
Indicative Present progressive dāræd mikhoræd دارد می‌خورد
Indicative Preterite progressive dāsht mikhord داشت می‌خورد
Subjunctive Present bekhoræd بخورد vblex.prs
Subjunctive Preterite khorde bāshæd خورده باشد
Subjunctive Imperfective preterite mikhorde bāshæd می‌خورده باشد vblex.pis
Subjunctive Pluperfect khorde bude bāshæd خورده بوده باشد
Subjunctive Imperfective pluperfect mikhorde bude bāshæd می‌خورده بوده باشد


Passive Voice
Mood Tense Romanization Perso-Arabic
Indicative Present khorde mishævæd خورده می‌شود
Indicative Preterite khorde shod خورده شد
Indicative Imperfective preterite khorde mishod خورده می‌شد
Indicative Perfect khorde shodeast خورده شده‌است
Indicative Imperfective perfect khorde mishodeast خورده می‌شده‌است
Indicative Pluperfect khorde shode bud خورده شده بود
Indicative Imperfective pluperfect khorde mishode bud خورده می‌شده بود
Indicative Future khorde khāhæd shod خورده خواهد شد
Indicative Present progressive daræd khorde mishævæd دارد خورده می‌شود
Indicative Preterite progressive dasht khorde mishod داشت خورده می‌شد
Subjunctive Present khorde shævæd خورده شود
Subjunctive Preterite khorde shode bāshæd خورده شده باشد
Subjunctive Imperfective preterite khorde mishode bāshæd خورده می‌شده باشد
Subjunctive Pluperfect khorde shode bude bāshæd خورده شده بوده باشد
Subjunctive Imperfective pluperfect khorde mishode bude bāshæd خورده می‌شده بوده باشد
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