Farsi and English/Pending tests
Contents
Nouns
General
- (fa) بازو → arm
- (fa) پشت → back
- (fa) گونه → cheek
- (fa) قفسه سینه → chest
- (fa) چانه → chin
- (fa) گوش → ear
- (fa) آرنج → elbow
- (fa) چشم → eye
- (fa) صورت / چهره → face
- (fa) انگشت → finger
Indefinite and Definite
In Farsi, there is no usage of articles. For instance, translating a noun with a preceding article in English to Farsi will render this result:
- (en) a/the table → ميز
- (en) a/the son → پسر
- (en) a/the cat → گربه
- (en) a/the father → پاپا
- (en) a/the door → در
However, in Farsi, there is also a word, "را", to reference a particular noun in a conversation. It is somewhat similar to "the" in English, however, it is not an equivalent substitute and is only used to mark definite nouns that are direct objects.
- (fa) .من در را دیدم → I saw (the particular) door.
- (fa) .من نان را دادم → I gave (the particular) bread.
- (fa) .من سگ را برداشم → I took (the particular) dog.
- (fa) .من کتاب را نوشتماشم → I wrote (the particular) book.
- (fa) .من کیف را دوست داشتم → I loved (the particular) bag.
If the noun is not referenced or specified in a conversation or text, then there is no need for "را".
- (fa) .بابا بستنی داد → Father gave ice cream.
- (fa) .بابادک هوا کردم → I fly (a) kite.
- (fa) .سگها بوسیدمان → We kiss dogs.
- (fa) .شم خوردشان → They eat dinner.
- (fa) .آرش ماشین دنبال کرد → Arash follows (a) car.
Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
- (fa) .من فوتبال بازی کردم → I play soccer.
- (fa) .تو فوتبال بازی کردی → You (singular) play soccer.
- (fa) .وا فوتبال بازی کرد → He/she/it play soccer.
(In Farsi, there are no distinctions between he, she, or it.)
- (fa) .ما فوتبال باری کردیم → We play soccer
- (fa) .شُما فوتبال بازی کردید → You all (plural) play soccer.
- (fa) .آنها فوتبال بازی کردند → They play soccer.
However, in Farsi, there is no need to directly state a pronoun in a sentence. The pronoun is understood depending on the ending of the verb (similar to other Romance languages).
- (fa) .فوتبال بازی کردم → I play soccer.
- (fa) .فوتبال بازی کردی → You (singular) play soccer.
- (fa) .فوتبال بازی کرد → He/She/It play soccer.
- (fa) .فوتبال باری کردیم → We play soccer.
- (fa) .فوتبال بازی کردید → You all (plural) play soccer.
- (fa) .فوتبال بازی کردند → They play soccer.
Possessive Pronouns
In Farsi, the possessive pronoun is a suffix attached to the noun, unlike English, which has the possessive pronoun precede the noun. This is the most common way to demonstrate ownership of a noun.
- (fa) .مریم را گلم دوست → Maryam likes my flower.
- (fa) .مریم را گلت دوست → Maryam likes your (singular) flower.
- (fa) .مریم را گلش دوست → Maryam likes his/her/its flower.
- (fa) .مریم را گلمان دوست → Maryam likes our flower.
- (fa) .مریم را گلتان دوست → Maryam likes your (plural) flower.
- (fa) .مریم را گلشان دوست → Maryam likes their flower.
Possessive pronouns also use personal pronouns to show possession of a noun. The character, " ِ ", is the equivalent to an apostrophe in English. However, this form is used only for nouns that act as subjects or indirect objects.[1]
- (fa) .جا یزدِ من قشنگ آست → My award is beautiful.
- (fa) .جا یزدِ تو قشنگ آست → Your award is beautiful.
- (fa) .جا یزدِ وا قشنگ آست → His/Her/Its award is beautiful.
- (fa) .جا یزدِ ما قشنگ آست → Our award is beautiful.
- (fa) .جا یزدِ شما قشنگ آست → Your (plural) award is beautiful.
- (fa) .جا یزدِ آنها قشنگ آستا → Their award is beautiful.
Adjectives
Adjectives in Farsi succeed the nouns they modify. For beginners,the character " ِ ", is written after the noun and before the adjective for pronunciation purposes.
