Finnish
- apertium-fin is a conversion from omorfi: omorfi, large coverage, experimental
- giella-fin is in giellatekno repository, more stable
Contents
Grammar stuff
Common formulas:
Negations
Finnish uses negation verb which needs to be translated from many languages from negation and verb together.
=== Possession structure
Finnish does not have idiomatic verb for possession, if apertium language to translate from has vbhaver it can be translated to omistaa initially and re-organised into adessive of owner and copula on.
Adposition to case suffix
Finnish uses semantic cases for what many e.g. IE languages use adpositions:
- houses -> talot
- on houses -> taloissa
- into houses -> taloihin
etc.
<section-def-macros> <def-macro n="adp-mangler" npar="1"> <choose> <!-- adp to case mappigngs --> <!-- based on adp lexeme only --> <when> <test> <equal><clip pos="1" side="sl" part="lem"/><lit v="I"/></equal> </test> <let> <var n="adpcase"/> <lit-tag v="ine"/> </let> <let> <var n="maybeadp"/> <lit v=""/> </let> </when> <when> <test> <equal><clip pos="1" side="sl" part="lem"/><lit v="i"/></equal> </test> <let> <var n="adpcase"/> <lit-tag v="ine"/> </let> <let> <var n="maybeadp"/> <lit v=""/> </let> </when> <when> <test> <equal><clip pos="1" side="sl" part="lem"/><lit v="fra"/></equal> </test> <let> <var n="adpcase"/> <lit-tag v="ela"/> </let> <let> <var n="maybeadp"/> <lit v=""/> </let> </when> ... ... ... <rule comment="adp noun"> <pattern> <pattern-item n="adp"/> <pattern-item n="noun"/> </pattern> <action> <call-macro n="adp-mangler"> <with-param pos="1"/> </call-macro> <out> <chunk name="adpnoun" case="caseFirstWord"> <tags> <tag><lit-tag v="NP"/></tag> <tag><var n="adpcase"/></tag> </tags> <lu> <clip pos="2" side="tl" part="lem"/> <clip pos="2" side="tl" part="a_noun"/> <clip pos="2" side="tl" part="a_number"/> <var n="adpcase"/> </lu> <b pos="0"/> <lu> <var n="maybeadp"/> </lu> </chunk> </out> </action> </rule>
The effective range of adposition to suffix mapping is a noun phrase:
- (a) green colourless dream -> vihreä väritön uni
- in (a) green colourless dream -> vihreässä värittömässä unessa
but proper noun phrase is appositive:
- for Donald Trump -> Donald Trumpille
- for president Trump -> presidentti Trumpille
in Nokia Finnish a reverse pattern is used (because computers cannot inflect variables a proxy word is inflected):
- user -> käyttäjä
- to user Joe -> käyttäjälle Joe
- file -> tiedosto
- into file thesis.doc -> tiedostoon thesis.doc
it would not be incorrect to use proper inflection in these cases.