Bengali and English/Inflection Schematics for different POS
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Pronoun[edit]
- Person
- Number
- Honorifics + Animacy
- Grammatical Case
DOES NOT inflect on[edit]
- Gender
- Though it may seem that pronouns inflect with 'টা'/'the' article attached, we consider it a separate word. e.g এ -> এটা. Both having the meaning 'the'. We do not consider this as an inflection, but different word.
Verb[edit]
- Tense + Mood
- Honorifics + Animacy
- Negative eg. সে যায় - He goes, সে যায়না - He does not go
DOES NOT inflect on[edit]
- Number
- Gender
Noun[edit]
- Number
- Animacy
- Case
- Determiner eg. boy - ছেলে, the boy - ছেলেটা
Note:[edit]
- The plural form is always implicitly 'definite article(determiner) added', we do NOT need to explicitly add that. eg. বইগুলো can mean both 'books' and 'the book'
- Right now we are treating 'Genders' as separate words, not as inflections. Nonetheless we need to mark the gender property of each word.
Adjective[edit]
- Degree
- Degree for adjectives in Bengali follow some general rules:
- Bengali words derived from Sanskrit generally add degree to themselves by adding তর (comparative) and তম (superlative) AT THE END. eg - fast, faster, fastest -> দ্রুত, দ্রুততর, দ্রুততম
- Other words in Bengali (eg. pure Bengali words and foreign words) add degree to themselves by adding অপেক্ষাকৃত (comparative) and সবচাইতে, সবচেয়ে (superlative) BEFORE THE WORD. eg. pious, more pious, most pious -> ধার্মিক, অপেক্ষাকৃত ধার্মিক, সবচাইতে ধার্মিক।
- Some word exhibit both of the forms, সুন্দরতম and সবচাইতে সুন্দর both are acceptable.
- Some adjective even use a mixture of these two rules, eg. লঘু - অপেক্ষাকৃত লঘু (Sanskrit লঘীয়ান is no longer used) - লঘিষ্ঠ।
Note:[edit]
- Adjectives can be also used as nouns, eg. The good will always defeat the evil - ভালরা খারাপদের সর্বদা পারজিত করবে। Here, general rule for nouns inflection applies. As a result, we should also add these adjectives into noun table
- Right now we are treating 'Genders' as separate words, not as inflections. Nonetheless we need to mark the gender property of each word.
- Adjectives need to concord with Nouns with Genders. eg. সুন্দর বালক - সুন্দরী বালিকা। This rule is strictly maintained in Sanskrit, but NOT always mandatory in Bengali, so সুন্দর বালিকা is also acceptable for instance.
