English and Esperanto
Esperantistoj, b.v. vidu Peto al esperantistoj.
Contents
Intros to Esperanto
Perhaps http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Rules_of_Esperanto_grammar (or http://donh.best.vwh.net/Esperanto/rules.html) is a good overview.
And the affixes: http://esperanto.davidgsimpson.com/eo-affixes.html (short) http://steve-and-pattie.com/esperantujo/grparafx.html (longer)
Tenses are exlained in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto_grammar#Verbs
Wordlists
http://freepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~wakefield/translations/engesp.html
Transfer rules English->Esperanto
Single word rules English->Esperanto
| en pattern | eo pattern | en | eo | status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| adj | adj.sg.nom | aggressive | agresema | OK | |
| adj.pos | adj.sg.nom | his | lia | OK | |
| adj.sint | adj.sg.nom | big | granda | OK | |
| adj.sint.comp | pli<preadv> + adj.sg.nom | bigger | pli granda | OK | |
| adj.sint.sup | plej<preadv> + granda.adj.sg.nom | biggest | plej granda | OK | |
| det.def.pl | det.def.pl.nom | the | la | OK | |
| det.def.sg | det.def.sg.nom | the | la | OK | |
| det.def.sp | det.def.sp.nom | the | la | OK | |
| det.dem.pl | det.dem.pl.nom | these | ĉi tiuj | OK | |
| det.dem.sg | det.dem.sg.nom | this | ĉi tiu | OK | |
| det.ind.pl | det.ind.pl.nom | both | ambaŭj | OK | |
| det.ind.sg | det.ind.sg.nom | another | alia | OK | |
| det.ind.sp | det.ind.sp.nom | any | ajna | OK | |
| det.qnt.pl | det.qnt.pl.nom | few | malmultaj | OK | |
| det.qnt.sg | det.qnt.sg.nom | less | la malpli da | OK | |
| det.qnt.sp | det.qnt.sp.nom | enough | sufiĉe da | OK | |
| n.acr.sg | n.sg.nom | TV | televido | OK. But use another example | |
| np.al.sg | np.al.sg.nom | GCompris | GCompris | OK | |
| np.ant.f.sg | np.ant.f.sg.nom | April | April | OK | |
| np.ant.m.sg | np.ant.m.sg.nom | Robert | Robert | OK | |
| np.cog.sg | np.cog.sg.nom | Stevenson | Stevenson | OK | |
| np.cog.pl | np.cog.pl.nom | Stevensons | Stevenson(oj?) | ? | |
| n.sg | n.sg.nom | hundred | cento | OK | |
| n.pl | n.pl.nom | hundreds | centoj | OK | |
| np.top.sg | np.top.sg.nom | Afghanistan | Afganio | OK | |
| predet.sp | sp | all (cars) | ĉiu | OK - all cars | |
| prn.itg.sp | prn.itg.sg.nom | what | kio | OK | |
| prn.tn.pl | prn.tn.pl.nom | both | ambaŭ | OK | |
| prn.tn.sg | prn.tn.sg.nom | another | alia | OK | |
| prn.tn.sp | prn.tn.sg.nom | all | ĉiu | OK | |
| vaux.pres | vaux.pres | can | povas | OK | |
| vbdo.past | vblex.past | did | faris | OK | |
| vbdo.pres | vblex.pres | do | faras | OK | |
| vbdo.pres.p3.sg | vblex.pres | does | faras | OK | |
| vbhaver.ger | vblex.ger | having | havanta | OK | |
| vbhaver.inf | vblex.inf | have | havi | OK | |
| vbhaver.past | vblex.past | had | havis | OK | |
| vbhaver.pres | vblex.pres | have | havas | OK | |
| vbhaver.pres.p3.sg | vblex.pres | has | havas | OK | |
| vblex.pres.p3.sg | vblex.pres | advertises | anoncas | OK | |
| vbser.past.p1.sg | vbser.past | was | estis | OK | |
| vbser.past.p3.sg | vbser.past | was | estis | OK | |
| vbser.pres.p1.sg | vbser.pres | am | estas | OK | |
| vbser.pres.p3.sg | vbser.pres | is | estas | OK |
Multi word rules
| en pattern | eo pattern | en | eo | status |
|---|
Trivial (standalone lemma types which is not changed during transfer)
| en pattern | eo pattern | en | eo | status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| adv | adv | after | poste | OK | |
| adv.itg | adv.itg | how | kiel | OK | |
| cnjadv | cnjadv | after | post kiam | OK | |
| cnjcoo | cnjcoo | and | kaj | OK | |
| cnjsub | cnjsub | that | ke | OK | |
| ij | ij | goodbye | adiaŭ | OK | |
| num.sg | num.sg | one | unu | OK | |
| num.sp | num.sp | hundred | cent | OK | |
| pr | pr | after | post | OK | |
| preadv | preadv | any | tre | OK | |
| prn.obj.p1.mf.pl | prn.obj.p1.mf.pl | us | nin | OK | |
| prn.obj.p1.mf.sg | prn.obj.p1.mf.sg | me | min | OK | |
| prn.obj.p2.mf.sp | prn.obj.p2.mf.sp | you | vin | OK | |
| prn.obj.p3.f.sg | prn.obj.p3.f.sg | her | ŝin | OK | |
| prn.obj.p3.mf.pl | prn.obj.p3.mf.pl | them | ilin | OK | |
| prn.obj.p3.m.sg | prn.obj.p3.m.sg | him | lin | OK | |
| prn.obj.p3.nt.sg | prn.obj.p3.nt.sg | it | ĝin | OK | |
| prn.ref.p1.mf.pl | prn.ref.p1.mf.pl | ourselves | nin | needs <acc> | |
| prn.ref.p1.mf.sg | prn.ref.p1.mf.sg | myself | #mi | needs <acc> | |
| prn.ref.p2.mf.pl | prn.ref.p2.mf.pl | yourselves | #vi | needs <acc> | |
| prn.ref.p2.mf.sg | prn.ref.p2.mf.sg | yourself | #vi | needs <acc> | |
| prn.ref.p3.f.sg | prn.ref.p3.f.sg | herself | #si | needs <acc> | |
| prn.ref.p3.mf.pl | prn.ref.p3.mf.pl | themselves | #si | needs <acc> | |
| prn.ref.p3.m.sg | prn.ref.p3.m.sg | himself | #si | needs <acc> | |
| prn.ref.p3.nt.sg | prn.ref.p3.nt.sg | itself | #si | needs <acc> | |
| prn.subj.p1.mf.pl | prn.subj.p1.mf.pl | we | ni | OK | |
| prn.subj.p1.mf.sg | prn.subj.p1.mf.sg | I | mi | OK | |
| prn.subj.p2.mf.sp | prn.subj.p2.mf.sp | you | vi | OK | |
| prn.subj.p3.f.sg | prn.subj.p3.f.sg | she | ŝi | OK | |
| prn.subj.p3.mf.pl | prn.subj.p3.mf.pl | they | ili | OK | |
| prn.subj.p3.m.sg | prn.subj.p3.m.sg | he | li | OK | |
| prn.subj.p3.nt.sg | prn.subj.p3.nt.sg | it | ĝi | OK | |
| rel.adv | rel.adv | where | kie | OK | |
| rel.an.mf.sp | rel.an.mf.sp | which | #\<rel\> | OK | |
| vaux.inf | vaux.inf | will | #\<vaux\> | OK | |
| vaux.past | vaux.past | could | povis | OK | |
| vblex.ger | vblex.ger | advertising | anoncanta | OK | |
| vblex.imp | vblex.imp | affect | afekciu | OK | |
| vblex.inf | vblex.inf | advertise | anonci | OK | |
| vblex.past | vblex.past | advertised | anoncis | OK | |
| vblex.pp | vblex.pp | advertised | anoncita | OK | |
| vblex.pres | vblex.pres | advertise | anoncas | OK | |
| vbser.ger | vbser.ger | being | estanta | OK | |
| vbser.inf | vbser.inf | be | esti | OK | |
| vbser.past | vbser.past | were | estis | OK | |
| vbser.pp | vbser.pp | been | estita | OK | |
| vbser.pres | vbser.pres | are | estas | OK |
A note about accusative
The next kind of thing we should think about is the type of sentence part that goes like this:
'the man you saw' 'the man the girl saw'
I don't know if we have to change word order here - probably not - but the nominative and accusative are SNs 2 and 1 respectively.
But think about this:
'the man my brother became'
Adding accusative here is wrong, so what can we do about it? Not much. Maybe in this specific instance, sure, but generally, we can only take the common cases and hope for the best. There's been plenty of work into statistical parsing, subject identification, etc., but it's still not much better than picking the common cases, and hoping for the best.
This is why we always tell people to have their translations checked by a native speaker :)
Jacob TODO
<jacobn> Ok, Ill try the web doc translator more, find the systematics, report a bug and attach files etc.
