Morphology of Khalkha
Revision as of 06:21, 14 December 2012 by Firespeaker (talk | contribs)
Contents
Noun classes
Normal
- Nom: —
- Acc: {I}{й}г
- Gen: {г}{I}{й}н
- Abl: {г}{A}{A}с
- Dat: {а}д (with exceptional forms in т)
- Pl: {н}{U}{U}д (with exceptional forms)
Added-n forms
- Nom: —
- Acc: {I}{й}г
- Gen: н{I}{й}
- Abl: н{A}{A}с
- Dat: {а}нд
- Pl: н{U}{U}д (with exceptional forms)
Archiphonemes and rules
- definitions
Vow = и ү э ө а о у ы ; NonVow = Alphabet - Vow ; PalCons = г ж ш ;
- {I} stuff
%{I%}:ы %{й%}:0 ; %{I%}:и <=> :FrontVow [ :NonVow/:0 ]* _ ; :PalCons/:0 _ ; %{I%}:0 <=> :й/:0 _ ; ! нохойг, далайг :Vow/:0 _ ; ! хүүг, дүүг %{ң%}:/:0 _ ; ! үзэсгэлэнг, санг н:0 <=> :й/:0 _ %{I%}: ; %{й%}:й <=> %{I%}:и _ ;
- {г} stuff
%{г%}:0 %{г%}:г <=> [ [ :Vow :Vow ] | %{ң%}: ]/:0 _ ; ! дүүгийн, (нохойн), санг :й/:0 _ %{А%}: ; ! дүүгээс, нохойгоос
- {А} stuff
%{А%}:а %{А%}:Vy <=> :Vx [ :NonVow/:0 ]* _ ; where Vx in [ ү э ө о ] Vy in [ э э ө о ] matched ; %{А%}:э <=> .#. [ :NonVow/:0 ]* :и [ :NonVow/:0 ]* _ ;
- {н} stuff
- {а} stuff
%{а%}:0 %{а%}:Vy <=> :Vx [ :NonVow/:0 ]* [ :т | :д | :с ]/:0 _ ; where Vx in [ ү э ө а о у ] Vy in [ э э ө а о а ] matched ; %{а%}:э <=> .#. [ :NonVow/:0 ]* :и [ :NonVow/:0 ]* [ :т | :д | :с ]/:0 _ ;
- {U} stuff
{а} stuff
{а} doesn't surface
- [ :Vow | {а}: ] :л _ :д
- Vрш{а}л{а}д
- Vж{а}л{а}д
- [ :Vow | {а}: ] :н _ :д
- Vн'{а}д
- {а}н'{а}д
- :Cns _ :л [ :Vow | {а}: ]
- Vрш{а}лV
- Vж{а}лV
- Vл{а}лV
{а} surfaces
- :Cns _ [ :д | :в | :н | :л ] .#.
- Vрш{а}л
- Vж{а}л
- Vл{а}л
- Vлс{а}д
- Vх{а}д
- Vл{а}в
- Vр{а}в
- Vг{а}н