Turkic languages
The Turkic languages include Turkish, Azeri, Uzbek, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Tatar, Chuvash, Turkmen, Bashkir, Sakha, and several dozen other languages. The languages are related with varying levels of mutual intelligibility. Our goal is to enhance MT coverage of them with apertium.
The ultimate master plan involves generating independent finite-state transducers for each language, and then making individual dictionaries and transfer rules for every pair. The current status of these goals is listed below.
Status
Once a transducer has ~80% coverage on a range of corpora we can say it is "working". Over 90% and it can be considered to be "production".
Transducers
| name | Language | ISO 639 | formalism | state | stems | coverage | location | primary authors | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -2 | -3 | corpus | words | %cov | |||||||
| trmorph | Turkish | tr |
tur |
SFST | working | 37,300 | SETimes | 4.1M | ~90.6% | Çağri | |
| kymorph | Kyrgyz | ky
|
kir
|
HFST (lexc+twol) | working | 8,564 | azattyk 2010 | 3.4M | 88 | trunk/apertium-tr-ky | Jonathan, Mirlan, Fran |
| azattyk 2009 | 4.1M | 87.4 | |||||||||
| bible | 174K | 89.3 | |||||||||
| turmorph | Turkish | tr |
tur |
HFST (lexc+twol) | development | 19,534 | SETimes | 4.1M | ~85% | Gianluca | |
| kazmorph | Kazakh | kk
|
kaz
|
HFST (lexc+twol) | development | 9,306 | 94.1 | incubator/apertium-ky-kk | Nathan, Jonathan, Fran | ||
| ? | Bashkir | ba
|
bak
|
HFST (lexc+twol) | development | 760 | wp 20111210 | 45.9k | ~51% | nursery/apertium-tt-ba | Fran, Jonathan, Milli |
| ? | Tatar | tt
|
tat
|
HFST (lexc+twol) | development | 754 | wp 20111215 | 87.7k | ~49.9% | nursery/apertium-tt-ba | Fran, Jonathan, Milli |
| new testament | 137K | ~57.7% | |||||||||
| Chuvash | cv |
chv |
HFST (lexc+twol) | development | 88 | 88.8K | ~30% | incubator/apertium-cv-ru | Hèctor | ||
| azmorph | Azerbaijani | az |
aze |
SFST | working? | - | trunk/apertium-tr-az | Gianluca | |||
Turkic-Turkic pairs
Text in italic denotes language pairs under development / in the incubator. Regular text denotes a functioning language pair in trunk, while text in bold denotes a stable well-working language pair.
| tr | az | tk | uz | ky | kk | tt | cv | ba | ug | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tr | — | tr-az | tr-ky | tr-cv | ||||||
| az | az-tr | — | ||||||||
| tk | — | |||||||||
| uz | — | |||||||||
| ky | ky-tr | — | ky-kk | |||||||
| kk | — | kk-tt | ||||||||
| tt | tt-kk | — | tt-ba | |||||||
| cv | cv-tr | — | ||||||||
| ba | — | |||||||||
| ug | — |
Pairs with non-Turkic languages
| tr | az | tk | uz | ky | kk | tt | cv | ba | ug | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| en | tr-en | ky-en | ||||||||
| fr | ||||||||||
| es | ||||||||||
| it | ||||||||||
| ru | cv-ru | |||||||||
| mn | mn-kk |
Tagset
Rough guide to tagsets in various Turkic language transducers, with an eye to keeping stuff that is basically the same tagged the same. In the following table, A stands for Apertium and T stands for TRmorph.
| Phenomenon | Morphology | Description | Tag(s) | Language(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of speach | |||||
| Noun | <n> |
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| Proper noun | <np> |
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| Determiner | <det> |
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| Numeral | <num> |
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| Adjective | <adj> |
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| Adverb | <adv> |
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| Pronoun | <prn> |
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| Verb | <v> |
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| Auxiliary verb | <vaux> |
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| Copula | <cop> |
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| Adverb | <adv> |
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| Postadverb | <postadv> |
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| Postposition | <post> |
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| Particle | <part> |
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| Coordinating conjunction | <cnjcoo> |
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| Subordinating conjunction | <cnjsub> |
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| Adverbial conjunction | <cnjadv> |
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| Abbreviation | <abbr> |
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| Interjection | <ij> |
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| Proper noun types | |||||
| Toponym | <top> |
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| Anthroponym | <ant> |
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| Cognomen (Surname) | <cog> |
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| Acronym | <acr> |
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| Other | <al> |
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| Pronoun types | |||||
| Personal | <pers> |
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| Ordinal | <ord> |
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| Demonstrative | <dem> |
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| Indefinite | <ind> |
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| Interrogative | <itg> |
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| Reflexive | <ref> |
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| Existential | <exi> |
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| Quantifier | <qnt> |
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| Positive | <pst> |
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| Negative | <neg> |
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| Comparative | <comp> |
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| Collective-numeral | <coll> |
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| Reciprocal | <recip> |
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| First person | <p1> |
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| Second person | <p2> |
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| Third person | <p3> |
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| Case | |||||
| Nominative case (unmarked) | <nom> |
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| Genitive case | <gen> |
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| Dative case | <dat> |
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| Locative case | <loc> |
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| Ablative case | -DAn | Case indicating movement away | <abl> |
Pan-turkic | |
| Instrumental case | <ins> |
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| Private case | <priv> |
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| Terminative case | <term> |
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| Final case | <fin> |
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| Posession | |||||
| 1st pers sg | <px1sg> |
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| 1st pers pl | <px1pl> |
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| 2nd pers sg | <px2sg> |
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| 2nd pers pl | <px2pl> |
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| 3rd pers sg | <px3sg> |
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| 3rd pers pl | <px3pl> |
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| 3rd pers sg or pl | <px3sp> |
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| Gender | |||||
| Masculine | <m> |
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| Feminine | <f> |
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| Masculine / feminine | <mf> |
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| Number | |||||
| Singular | <sg> |
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| Plural | <pl> |
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| Tense, aspect, mood | |||||
| Present tense | <pres> |
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| Present continuous tense | <cont> |
Turkish: -{bI}yor | |||
| Evidential past tense | <evid> |
Turkish: -m{I}ş | |||
| Past tense | <past> |
Turkish: -{D}{I} | |||
| Definite past tense | <ifi> |
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| Imperfect | <pii> |
Turkish: Aorist + -m{A}kt{A} | |||
| Past habitual tense | <pih> |
Turkish: Aorist + -{D}{I} | |||
| Future tense | <fut> |
Turkish: -{bY}{A}c{A}{k} | |||
| Imperative | -ø | Mood for giving orders | <imp>A, <t_imp>T |
Pan-turkic | Turkish: -ø |
| Conditional | <cond> |
Turkish: -s{A} | |||
| Aorist | <aor> |
Turkish: -{A}r or -{bI}r | |||
| Optative | <opt> |
Turkish: -{bY}{A}, Kirghiz: -мAк>чI | |||
| Obligative | <oblig> |
Turkish: -m{A}l{I} | |||
| Potential | <pot> |
Kirghiz: -чUдAй | |||
| Not-yet tense | <notyet> |
Kirghiz: -E элек | |||
| Gerund #1 | <ger1> |
Turkish: -m{A} | |||
| Gerund #2 | <ger2> |
Turkish: -m{A}{K} | |||
| Gerund #3 | <ger3> |
Turkish: -{D}{I}{k} | |||
| Gerund #4 | <ger4> |
Turkish: -{bY}{I}ş | |||
| Gerund #5 | <ger5> |
Turkish: -{bY}{A}n | |||
| Gerund #6 | <ger6> |
Turkish: -{bY}{A}r{A}k | |||
| Gerund #7 | <fger> |
Turkish: -{bY}{I}p | |||
| Future gerund #1 | <ger1> |
Turkish: -{bY}{A}c{A}{k} | |||
| Imperfect participle #1 | <fger> |
Turkish: -{bY}{A}r{A}{k} | |||
| Passive | <pass> |
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| Causative | <caus> |
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| Cooperative | <coop> |
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| Transitivity | |||||
| Transitive | <tv> |
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| Intransitive | <iv> |
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