User:Firespeaker/Turkic aorist

"aorist"

Definitions

• Gnomic is about general truths, devoid of time references, e.g. "Teachers write lessons."
• Habitual is about events that occur regularly, e.g. "The teacher writes an exercise every day."
• Episodic is about single events that occur in episodes across some span of time (in this case with undefined beginnings and ends), e.g. "The teacher is writing a book."
• Progressive/continuous is about an event that is in the process of occurring at the referenced time, e.g. "The teacher is writing an exercise for the students."
• Future is anything that happens in the future. In the situations below it mostly includes a gnomic, habitual, or perfective aspect too, e.g. "The teacher will write lessons"/"an exercise every day"/"a book".

Table

aspect	Kyrgz	Kazakh	Tatar	Turkish	Turkmen	(Khalkha)
gnomic	жазат	жазады	яза	yazıyor, yazar	ýazýar, ýazar	бичнэ, бичдэг
habitual	жазат	жазады	яза	yazıyor, yazar	ýazýar, ýazar	бичдэг
episodic	жазып жүрөт	жазып жүр	яза	yazıyor		бичиж байна
progressive/continuous	жазып жатат	жазып жатыр	яза	yazıyor	ýazıp ýatyr	бичиж байна
future	жазат	жазады	язачак, язар	yazacak, (yazar?)	ýazar, ýazjak	бичнэ

This paper has a good literature review and discussion of the Turkish forms.