Difference between revisions of "Turkish and Azerbaijani"
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===Noun=== |
===Noun=== |
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* <code>abs</code> — absolute |
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* <code>dac</code> — definite-accusative |
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* <code>dat</code> — dative |
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* <code>abl</code> — ablative |
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* <code>loc</code> — locative |
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* <code>gen</code> — genitive |
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===Turkish=== |
===Turkish=== |
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Revision as of 16:48, 17 August 2007
Noun morphology
Turkish has several cases:
absolute, definite-accusative, dative, locative, ablative, genitive
It also has pronominal clitics.
Typically these are applied in the following order:
- plural suffix
- suffix of possession
- case-ending
- personal suffix
kitap for ex. is the stem kitap + plural + pronoun kitaplar is the "books" a noun has five cases object direction is the "i case" give me that book for ex. bana o kitabı ver "that book" kitabı that is directed to object from that book = kitaptan in that book = kitapta "from my book" kitab+ım+dan "from my books" kitap+lar+ım+dan
Agglutination case
verb= gitmek stem=git
I'm going = gidiyorum (tr)
= gidirem (azerbaijani)
gid+iyor+um (present continous, pr1, turkish)
gid+ir+em (present continous, pr1, azerbaijani)
git (lemma) -i -yor (for continous tense) -um (for first personal pronoun) (turkish)
git (lemma) -i -r(for continous tense) -em (for first personal pronoun) (azerbaijani)
Test case
- Turkish: biram var.
- Azerbaijani: pivəm var
beer+p1 have
I have a beer.
- Turkish: iki biram var
- Azerbijani: iki pivəm var
two beer+p1 have
I have two beers
Noun
abs— absolutedac— definite-accusativedat— dativeabl— ablativeloc— locativegen— genitive
Turkish
| person | n.sg.abs | n.sg.dac | n.sg.dat | n.sg.loc | n.sg.abl | n.sg.gen |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| none | bira | |||||
| p1.sg | biram | |||||
| p2.sg | ||||||
| p3.sg | ||||||
| p1.pl | ||||||
| p2.pl | ||||||
| p3.pl | ||||||
| person | n.pl.abs | n.pl.dac | n.pl.dat | n.pl.loc | n.pl.abl | n.pl.gen |
| none | biralar | |||||
| p1.sg | biralarım | |||||
| p2.sg | ||||||
| p3.sg | ||||||
| p1.pl | ||||||
| p2.pl | ||||||
| p3.pl | ||||||
Azerbaijani
| person | n.sg.abs | n.sg.dac | n.sg.dat | n.sg.loc | n.sg.abl | n.sg.gen |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| none | pivə | |||||
| p1.sg | pivəm | |||||
| p2.sg | ||||||
| p3.sg | ||||||
| p1.pl | ||||||
| p2.pl | ||||||
| p3.pl | ||||||
| person | n.pl.abs | n.pl.dac | n.pl.dat | n.pl.loc | n.pl.abl | n.pl.gen |
| none | pivəler | |||||
| p1.sg | pivəlerim | |||||
| p2.sg | ||||||
| p3.sg | ||||||
| p1.pl | ||||||
| p2.pl | ||||||
| p3.pl | ||||||
Comparison
| Turkish | Azerbaijani | Gloss | Symbols |
|---|---|---|---|
| bira | pivə | beer | n.sg
|
| biralar | pivəler | beers | n.pl
|
| biram | pivəm | my beer | n.sg.p1
|
| biralarım | pivəlerim | my beers | n.pl.p1
|
| biradan | pivədən | from the beer | n.sg.fromcase
|
| biralardan | pivələrdən | from the beers | n.pl.fromcase
|
| biramdan | pivəmdən | from my beer | n.sg.p1.fromcase
|
| biralarımdan | pivlərimdən | from my beers | n.pl.p1.fromcase
|
Verb
| Turkish | Azerbaijani | Gloss |
|---|---|---|
| var | var | I have |
| You have | ||
| He has | ||
| She has | ||
| It has | ||
| You (pl.) have | ||
| We have | ||
| They have |