Difference between revisions of "Iranian Persian and Tajik/Verb moods and aspects"

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(New page: This article is about verbs and their moods and aspects in Persian. == Tenses == Each verb has two roots(Present and Past) ===Present === Verb stem in Present tense can be counted impreti...)
 
 
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*mi+stem+conjucation
*mi+stem+conjucation


#The first form of verb is in the form that makes the verb dubious or conditional:(This aspect is called "eltezami" in Persian meaning "getting required")
#'''Subjunctive present''':This form of verb is in the form that makes the verb dubious or conditional:(This aspect is called "eltezami" in Persian meaning "getting required")
:beravam ya naravam(expresses a doubt: "Don't know wether to go")
:beravam ya naravam(expresses a doubt: "Don't know wether to go")
:khahi nashavi(conditional: "if you don't want to become")
:khahi nashavi(conditional: "if you don't want to become")
Line 17: Line 17:
*This mood usually gets "be" or "na" behind itself
*This mood usually gets "be" or "na" behind itself


#The second form has another aspect. it is indicative(in Persian "ekhbari" and meaning "giving news)
#'''indicative present''':The second form has another aspect. it is indicative(in Persian "ekhbari" and meaning "giving news)
::'''s tag in dictionaries Apertium''': ''ind''
::'''s tag in dictionaries Apertium''': ''ind''


== Past ==
== Past ==

Past tense can have 5 moods:
Past tense can have 5 common and formal moods and for more ones see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_grammar#Conjugations wikipedia]
* '''Simple''': stem + conjucation (in Persian: Saadeh) - '''in Apertium:''':''''
* '''Present indicative''': stem + conjucation (in Persian: Saadeh) - '''in Apertium:''':''-''
::This is the present form of the second kind of present
::This is the present form of the second kind of present




*'''contineous''': mi+stem+conjucation (in Persian: Estemrari) - '''in Apertium:''':''''
*'''Imperfective preterite indicative''': mi+stem+conjucation (in Persian: Estemrari) - '''in Apertium:''':''-''
::e.g. : miraft : it was going
::e.g. : miraft : it was going


*'''?''': stem+'eh'+astan(after conjucating) (in Persian: Naqli : en:quoting) - '''in Apertium:''':''''
*'''perfect Indicative''': stem+'eh'+astan(after conjucating) (in Persian: Naqli : en:quoting) - '''in Apertium:''':''-''
** This is usuallly used when you quote sth from sb or you want to explain sth has been done. It is usually translated to present perfect or simple past in English.
** This is usuallly used when you quote sth from sb or you want to explain sth has been done. It is usually translated to present perfect or simple past in English.


*'''?'''(Far): stem+'eh'+bud+conjucation (in Persian: ba'id meaning so far) - '''in Apertium:''':''''
*'''Pluperfect Indicative''': stem+'eh'+bud+conjucation (in Persian: ba'id meaning so far) - '''in Apertium:''':''-''
**This describes things have been done farther in past tense. it is farther than the last item in the tense. in English it is usually past perfect. It can be the past form for the first preset tense i've described above in Persian esp. in conditional sentences.
**This describes things have been done farther in past tense. it is farther than the last item in the tense. in English it is usually past perfect. It can be the past form for the first preset tense i've described above in Persian esp. in conditional sentences.


*'''?'''(fa:Eltezami): stem+'eh'+bash+conjucation - '''in Apertium:''':''''
*'''Preterite Subjunctive'''(fa:Eltezami): stem+'eh'+bash+conjucation - '''in Apertium:''':''-''
**used when you want to describe a probable or dubious or conditional situaion
**used when you want to describe a probable or dubious or conditional situaion
***eg. rafteh bashad ya nabashad (either has has gone or he hasn't)
***eg. rafteh bashad ya nabashad (either has has gone or he hasn't)
***eg. agar rafteh bashad ( if he has gone)
***eg. agar rafteh bashad ( if he has gone)
***eg. ager rafteh bashi ( if you have already gone)
***eg. ager rafteh bashi ( if you have already gone)

== Conjucation of all Persian verbs by grammatical voice ==
===Conjugations===
Example verb conjugations for [[grammatical person|third-person]] [[grammatical number|singular]] form of ''khordæn'' "to eat".

===Synthetic===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="5" | '''Active Voice'''
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Transliteration
!Perso-Arabic
!Apertium
|-
|Indicative
| Present
| mikhoræd
| style="text-align:right;"|می‌خورد
| <code>vblex.pri</code>
|-
|Indicative
|Preterite
|khord
| style="text-align:right;"|خورد
| <code>vblex.past</code>
|-
|Indicative
|Imperfective preterite
|mikhord
| style="text-align:right;"|می‌خورد
| <code>vblex.pii</code>
|-
|Indicative
|Perfect
|khordeæst
| style="text-align:right;"|خورده‌است
| <code>vblex.perf</code>
|-
|Indicative
|Imperfective perfect
|mikhordeæst
| style="text-align:right;"|می‌خورده‌است
| <code>vblex.pfi</code>
|-
|Subjunctive
|Present
|bekhoræd
| style="text-align:right;"|بخورد
| <code>vblex.prs</code>
|-
|}

===Analytic===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="5" | '''[[Grammatical voice|Active Voice]]'''
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Transliteration
!Perso-Arabic
!Apertium
|-
|Indicative
|[[pluperfect tense|Pluperfect]]
|khorde bud
| style="text-align:right;"|خورده بود
| <code>vblex.plu</code>
|-
|Indicative
|[[pluperfect tense|Imperfective pluperfect]]
|mikhorde bud
| style="text-align:right;"|می‌خورده بود
|-
|Indicative
|[[future tense|Future]]
|khāhæd khord
| style="text-align:right;"|خواهد خورد
| <code>vblex.fti</code>
|-
|Indicative
|[[Present progressive]]
|dāræd mikhoræd
| style="text-align:right;"|دارد می‌خورد
|-
|Indicative
|[[Past continuous|Preterite progressive]]
|dāsht mikhord
| style="text-align:right;"|داشت می‌خورد
|-
|Subjunctive
|Preterite
|khorde bāshæd
| style="text-align:right;"|خورده باشد
|-
|Subjunctive
|Imperfective preterite
|mikhorde bāshæd
| style="text-align:right;"|می‌خورده باشد
| <code>vblex.pis</code>
|-
|Subjunctive
|Pluperfect
|khorde bude bāshæd
| style="text-align:right;"|خورده بوده باشد
|-
|Subjunctive
|Imperfective pluperfect
|mikhorde bude bāshæd
| style="text-align:right;"|می‌خورده بوده باشد
|}

[[Category:Iranian Persian and Tajik]]
[[Category:Farsi]]

Latest revision as of 23:08, 10 August 2015

This article is about verbs and their moods and aspects in Persian.

Tenses[edit]

Each verb has two roots(Present and Past)

Present[edit]

Verb stem in Present tense can be counted impretive in singular form like:(rov, gu, ...)

Present verb is made like the following:

  • stem + conjucation(am,i,-,im,id,and)
  • mi+stem+conjucation
  1. Subjunctive present:This form of verb is in the form that makes the verb dubious or conditional:(This aspect is called "eltezami" in Persian meaning "getting required")
beravam ya naravam(expresses a doubt: "Don't know wether to go")
khahi nashavi(conditional: "if you don't want to become")
in Apertium: '
  • This mood usually gets "be" or "na" behind itself
  1. indicative present:The second form has another aspect. it is indicative(in Persian "ekhbari" and meaning "giving news)
s tag in dictionaries Apertium: ind

Past[edit]

Past tense can have 5 common and formal moods and for more ones see wikipedia

  • Present indicative: stem + conjucation (in Persian: Saadeh) - in Apertium::-
This is the present form of the second kind of present


  • Imperfective preterite indicative: mi+stem+conjucation (in Persian: Estemrari) - in Apertium::-
e.g. : miraft : it was going
  • perfect Indicative: stem+'eh'+astan(after conjucating) (in Persian: Naqli : en:quoting) - in Apertium::-
    • This is usuallly used when you quote sth from sb or you want to explain sth has been done. It is usually translated to present perfect or simple past in English.
  • Pluperfect Indicative: stem+'eh'+bud+conjucation (in Persian: ba'id meaning so far) - in Apertium::-
    • This describes things have been done farther in past tense. it is farther than the last item in the tense. in English it is usually past perfect. It can be the past form for the first preset tense i've described above in Persian esp. in conditional sentences.
  • Preterite Subjunctive(fa:Eltezami): stem+'eh'+bash+conjucation - in Apertium::-
    • used when you want to describe a probable or dubious or conditional situaion
      • eg. rafteh bashad ya nabashad (either has has gone or he hasn't)
      • eg. agar rafteh bashad ( if he has gone)
      • eg. ager rafteh bashi ( if you have already gone)

Conjucation of all Persian verbs by grammatical voice[edit]

Conjugations[edit]

Example verb conjugations for third-person singular form of khordæn "to eat".

Synthetic[edit]

Active Voice
Mood Tense Transliteration Perso-Arabic Apertium
Indicative Present mikhoræd می‌خورد vblex.pri
Indicative Preterite khord خورد vblex.past
Indicative Imperfective preterite mikhord می‌خورد vblex.pii
Indicative Perfect khordeæst خورده‌است vblex.perf
Indicative Imperfective perfect mikhordeæst می‌خورده‌است vblex.pfi
Subjunctive Present bekhoræd بخورد vblex.prs

Analytic[edit]

Active Voice
Mood Tense Transliteration Perso-Arabic Apertium
Indicative Pluperfect khorde bud خورده بود vblex.plu
Indicative Imperfective pluperfect mikhorde bud می‌خورده بود
Indicative Future khāhæd khord خواهد خورد vblex.fti
Indicative Present progressive dāræd mikhoræd دارد می‌خورد
Indicative Preterite progressive dāsht mikhord داشت می‌خورد
Subjunctive Preterite khorde bāshæd خورده باشد
Subjunctive Imperfective preterite mikhorde bāshæd می‌خورده باشد vblex.pis
Subjunctive Pluperfect khorde bude bāshæd خورده بوده باشد
Subjunctive Imperfective pluperfect mikhorde bude bāshæd می‌خورده بوده باشد
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