Difference between revisions of "Sanskrit"

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'''संस्कृतम्''' {Sanskrit} uses Unicode [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8 UTF-8] encoding.
'''संस्कृतम्''' {Sanskrit} uses Unicode [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8 UTF-8] encoding.
= Grammar=
==Grammar==

The grammar and sentence formation in sanskrit language is mainly based on "कारक विभक्ति"(Karak Vibhakti).
The grammar and sentence formation in sanskrit language is mainly based on "कारक विभक्ति"(Karak Vibhakti).
1. रामः फलं (Ram fruit) - sentence is incomplete
#रामः फलं (Ram fruit) - sentence is incomplete
2. रामः फलं खादतत (Ram eats fruit) – The sentence is complete and the complete meaning is understood
#रामः फलं खादतत (Ram eats fruit) – The sentence is complete and the complete meaning is understood
• Verb is the most important aspect to understand the meaning of the
sentence. It gives completeness to the sentence
*Verb is the most important aspect to understand the meaning of the sentence. It gives completeness to the sentence.क्रियापद – Verb पद (word),क्रिया (action) a word that tells an action

• क्रियापद – Verb पद (word),

क्रिया (action) a word that tells an action
रामः फलं खादतत
*रामः फलं खादतत
Subject Object Verb
Subject Object Verb
(Doing the action of eating)-SUBJECT
(Doing the action of eating)-SUBJECT

(Action is done on this)-OBJECT
(Action is done on this)-OBJECT

(Action of eating)-VERB
(Action of eating)-VERB
⚫
• These types of relations are called as ‘कारक’ in Sanskrit
⚫
• कारक – That which follows an action
– Relation between noun and verb


⚫
*These types of relations are called as ‘कारक’ in Sanskrit.
⚫
Their are in total 8 कारक विभक्ति in the sanskrit language,कारक used in the Hindi language are loosely derived from the विभक्ति in the sanskrit language.The 8 विभक्ति used are as follows:
⚫
~Nominative (प्रथमा) Karta (कर्ता ) Ne (ने )


⚫
*कारक – That which follows an action– Relation between noun and verb
⚫
~Accusative (द्वितीया) Karam (कर्म) Ko (को)


⚫
*Their are in total 8 कारक विभक्ति in the sanskrit language,कारक used in the Hindi language are loosely derived from the विभक्ति in the sanskrit language.The 8 विभक्ति used are as follows:
⚫
~Instrumental(तृतीया) Karan (करण) Se, Ke Dwara (से, के द्वारा)
⚫
#Nominative (प्रथमा) Karta (कर्ता ) Ne (ने )
⚫
#Accusative (द्वितीया) Karam (कर्म) Ko (को)
⚫
#Instrumental(तृतीया) Karan (करण) Se, Ke Dwara (से, के द्वारा)
⚫
#Dative (चतुर्थी) Sampradaan (सम्प्रदान) Ko, Ke Liye (को, के लिए)
⚫
#Ablative (पञ्चमी) Aapadaan (अपादान) Se (Alag Karna) (से, अलग करना)
⚫
#Genitive (षष्ठी) Sambandh (सम्बंध) Ka, Ki, Ke (का, की, के, रा, री, रे)
⚫
#Locative (सप्तमी) Adhikaran (अधिकरण) Mein, Per (में, पर)
⚫
#Vocative (संबोधन) Sambodhan (सम्बोधन) Hai, Arrey (हे, अरे)


⚫
~Dative (चतुर्थी) Sampradaan (सम्प्रदान) Ko, Ke Liye (को, के लिए)


⚫
*according to these every word in sanskrit have a table("roop") and a form of the word has to be placed depending on various things like for example various groups of nouns and pronouns, but within each group of noun or pronoun, we will have a different form of the word for the singular, dual and plural triplet.
⚫
~Ablative (पञ्चमी) Aapadaan (अपादान) Se (Alag Karna) (से, अलग करना)


⚫
~Genitive (षष्ठी) Sambandh (सम्बंध) Ka, Ki, Ke (का, की, के, रा, री, रे)


⚫
*A noun of the same gender ending with the same vowel will share identical shabd roop. For example shabd roop of “baalak” will be same as that of “Yogesh”. “Sita” shabd roop will be identical to “rama“.
⚫
~Locative (सप्तमी) Adhikaran (अधिकरण) Mein, Per (में, पर)


⚫
~Vocative (संबोधन) Sambodhan (सम्बोधन) Hai, Arrey (हे, अरे)


*संस्कृत में सबसे बड़ी परेशानी शब्द रूपों को लेकर होती है। संस्कृत में करीब 2400 शब्द हैं जिनके रूप हमें याद करने होते हैं। अब जाहिर सी बात है कि इतने सारे शब्द रूप याद हो जाएं यह संभव नहीं है। या फिर वे विरले ही लोग हैं जिन्हें इतने शब्द रूप याद हो सकें।
⚫
according to these every word in sanskrit have a table("roop") and a form of the word has to be placed depending on various things like for example various groups of nouns and pronouns, but within each group of noun or pronoun, we will have a different form of the word for the singular, dual and plural triplet.


⚫
A noun of the same gender ending with the same vowel will share identical shabd roop. For example shabd roop of “baalak” will be same as that of “Yogesh”. “Sita” shabd roop will be identical to “rama“


EXAMPLE OF ROOPS USED IN SANSKRIT
EXAMPLE OF ROOPS USED IN SANSKRIT

बालकः(boy)
बालकः(boy)
:{|class=wikitable
:{|class=wikitable
Line 62: Line 66:
|चर्तुथी || बालकाय||बालकाभ्याम् ||बालकेभ्यः
|चर्तुथी || बालकाय||बालकाभ्याम् ||बालकेभ्यः
|-
|-
पन्चमी || बालकात् ||बालकाभ्याम् ||बालकेभ्यः
|पन्चमी || बालकात् ||बालकाभ्याम् ||बालकेभ्यः
|-
|-
|षष्ठी|| बालकस्य ||बालकयोः||बालकानाम्
|षष्ठी|| बालकस्य ||बालकयोः||बालकानाम्
Line 92: Line 96:
|सप्तमी||बालिकायाम्बा|| लिकयोः||बालिकासु
|सप्तमी||बालिकायाम्बा|| लिकयोः||बालिकासु
|-
|-
|-सम्बोधन||हे बालिके!||हे बालिके!||हे बालिकाः
|सम्बोधन||हे बालिके!||हे बालिके!||हे बालिकाः
|-
|-
|}
|}


अस्मद्

:{|class=wikitable
! विभक्ति !!एकवचन !!द्विवचन!!बहुवचन
|-
| प्रथमा || अहम् ||आवाम् ||वयम्
|-
|द्वितीया||माम्आ||वाम्अ||स्मान्
|-
|तृतीया||मया||आवाभ्याम्अ||स्माभिः
|-
|चर्तुथी||मह्यम्आ||वाभ्याम्अ||स्मभ्यम्
|-
|पन्चमी||मत् ||आवाभ्याम् ||अस्मत्
|-
|षष्ठी|| मम|| आवयोः|| अस्माकम्
|-
|सप्तमी ||मयि ||आवयोः|| अस्मासु
|-
|}


[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Compounds Sandhi] (compounds) in Sanskrit.
[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Compounds Sandhi] (compounds) in Sanskrit.

Latest revision as of 13:44, 4 December 2019

संस्कृतम्
(Sanskrit)
Family: Indo-European
ISO Codes: sa / san / san
Incubator: {{{incubator}}}
Language pairs: apertium-sa-en


संस्कृतम् {Sanskrit} uses Unicode UTF-8 encoding.

Grammar[edit]

The grammar and sentence formation in sanskrit language is mainly based on "कारक विभक्ति"(Karak Vibhakti).

  1. रामः फलं (Ram fruit) - sentence is incomplete
  2. रामः फलं खादतत (Ram eats fruit) – The sentence is complete and the complete meaning is understood
  • Verb is the most important aspect to understand the meaning of the sentence. It gives completeness to the sentence.क्रियापद – Verb पद (word),क्रिया (action) a word that tells an action


  • रामः फलं खादतत

Subject Object Verb 

(Doing the action of eating)-SUBJECT

(Action is done on this)-OBJECT

(Action of eating)-VERB
  • These types of relations are called as ‘कारक’ in Sanskrit.
  • कारक – That which follows an action– Relation between noun and verb
  • Their are in total 8 कारक विभक्ति in the sanskrit language,कारक used in the Hindi language are loosely derived from the विभक्ति in the sanskrit language.The 8 विभक्ति used are as follows:
  1. Nominative (प्रथमा) Karta (कर्ता ) Ne (ने )
  2. Accusative (द्वितीया) Karam (कर्म) Ko (को)
  3. Instrumental(तृतीया) Karan (करण) Se, Ke Dwara (से, के द्वारा)
  4. Dative (चतुर्थी) Sampradaan (सम्प्रदान) Ko, Ke Liye (को, के लिए)
  5. Ablative (पञ्चमी) Aapadaan (अपादान) Se (Alag Karna) (से, अलग करना)
  6. Genitive (षष्ठी) Sambandh (सम्बंध) Ka, Ki, Ke (का, की, के, रा, री, रे)
  7. Locative (सप्तमी) Adhikaran (अधिकरण) Mein, Per (में, पर)
  8. Vocative (संबोधन) Sambodhan (सम्बोधन) Hai, Arrey (हे, अरे)


  • according to these every word in sanskrit have a table("roop") and a form of the word has to be placed depending on various things like for example various groups of nouns and pronouns, but within each group of noun or pronoun, we will have a different form of the word for the singular, dual and plural triplet.


  • A noun of the same gender ending with the same vowel will share identical shabd roop. For example shabd roop of “baalak” will be same as that of “Yogesh”. “Sita” shabd roop will be identical to “rama“.


  • संस्कृत में सबसे बड़ी परेशानी शब्द रूपों को लेकर होती है। संस्कृत में करीब 2400 शब्द हैं जिनके रूप हमें याद करने होते हैं। अब जाहिर सी बात है कि इतने सारे शब्द रूप याद हो जाएं यह संभव नहीं है। या फिर वे विरले ही लोग हैं जिन्हें इतने शब्द रूप याद हो सकें।


EXAMPLE OF ROOPS USED IN SANSKRIT

बालकः(boy)

विभक्ति एकवचन द्विवचन बहुवचन
प्रथमा बालकः -बालकौ बालकाः
द्वितीया बालकम् बालकौ बलकान
तृतीया बाल्केन बालकाभ्याम्बा लकैः
चर्तुथी बालकाय बालकाभ्याम् बालकेभ्यः
पन्चमी बालकात् बालकाभ्याम् बालकेभ्यः
षष्ठी बालकस्य बालकयोः बालकानाम्
सप्तमी बालके बालकयोः बालकेषु
सम्बोधन हे बालक! हे बालकौ! हे बालकाः

बालिका(girl)


विभक्ति एकवचन द्विवचन बहुवचन
प्रथमा बालिका बालिके बालिकाः
द्वितीया बलिकाम् बालिके बालिकाः
तृतीया बालिकया बलिकाभ्याम्बा लिकाभिः
चर्तुथी बलिकायै बलिकाभ्याम् बालिकाभ्यः
पन्चमी बालिकायाः बलिकाभ्याम् बालिकाभ्यः
सप्तमी बालिकायाम्बा लिकयोः बालिकासु
सम्बोधन हे बालिके! हे बालिके! हे बालिकाः

अस्मद्

विभक्ति एकवचन द्विवचन बहुवचन
प्रथमा अहम् आवाम् वयम्
द्वितीया माम्आ वाम्अ स्मान्
तृतीया मया आवाभ्याम्अ स्माभिः
चर्तुथी मह्यम्आ वाभ्याम्अ स्मभ्यम्
पन्चमी मत् आवाभ्याम् अस्मत्
षष्ठी मम आवयोः अस्माकम्
सप्तमी मयि आवयोः अस्मासु

Sandhi (compounds) in Sanskrit.

Dictionaries[edit]

See also[edit]

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