Difference between revisions of "Morphology of Chuvash"
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+ | This page is for analyses and organisation of materials on Chuvash. See also [[Morphology of Chuvash/Questions]] for standing questions that need attention. |
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+ | |||
+ | == Morphophonology == |
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+ | |||
+ | === "Russian" nouns ending in ‹о› === |
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+ | |||
{|class="wikitable" |
{|class="wikitable" |
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|- |
|- |
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!rowspan=2| noun |
!rowspan=2| noun |
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!colspan=4| phonetic properties |
!colspan=4| phonetic properties |
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− | !colspan= |
+ | !colspan=3| declined forms |
|- |
|- |
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− | !pronunciation |
+ | !ru pronunciation |
![ɔ]? |
![ɔ]? |
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!σ́] |
!σ́] |
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Line 11: | Line 17: | ||
!px3 form |
!px3 form |
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!о→ов? |
!о→ов? |
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+ | !gen form |
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|- |
|- |
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! пальто |
! пальто |
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Line 16: | Line 23: | ||
| Y |
| Y |
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| Y |
| Y |
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+ | | N |
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+ | | [[Пальто|пальти]], пальтовӗ |
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+ | | N (not it he standard language but used) |
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+ | | [[Пальто|пальтон]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | ! звено |
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+ | | |
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| Y |
| Y |
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+ | | ? |
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− | | пальти, [[Пальто|пальтовӗ]] |
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− | | |
+ | | Y |
+ | | [[Звено|звени]] |
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+ | | N |
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+ | | [[Звено|звенон]] |
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|- |
|- |
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+ | ! министерство |
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− | ! правительство |
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+ | | |
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− | | [praˈvʲitʲɪlstva] |
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− | | N |
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| N |
| N |
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+ | | |
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| Y |
| Y |
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+ | | [[Министерство|министерстви]] |
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− | | правительстви |
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| N |
| N |
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+ | | [[Министерство|министерствӑн]] |
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|- |
|- |
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+ | ! барокко |
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− | ! дело |
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+ | | |
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− | | [ˈdʲela] |
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| N |
| N |
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+ | | |
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| N |
| N |
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+ | | [[Барокко|барокки]] |
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− | | Y |
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− | | [[Дело|дели]] |
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| N |
| N |
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+ | | [[Барокко|бароккӑн]] |
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|- |
|- |
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! радио |
! радио |
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Line 43: | Line 62: | ||
| [[Радио|радиовӗ]] |
| [[Радио|радиовӗ]] |
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| Y |
| Y |
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+ | | [[Радио|радион]] |
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|- |
|- |
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! кино |
! кино |
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Line 51: | Line 71: | ||
| [[Кино|киновӗ]] |
| [[Кино|киновӗ]] |
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| Y |
| Y |
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+ | | [[Кино|кинон]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | ! правительство |
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+ | | [praˈvʲitʲɪlstva] |
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+ | | N |
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+ | | N |
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+ | | Y |
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+ | | правительстви |
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+ | | N |
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+ | |- |
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+ | ! дело |
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+ | | [ˈdʲela] |
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+ | | N |
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+ | | N |
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+ | | Y |
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+ | | [[Дело|дели]] |
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+ | | N |
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+ | |} |
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+ | |||
+ | === "Russian" nouns ending in ‹у› === |
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+ | |||
+ | {|class="wikitable" |
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+ | |- |
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+ | !rowspan=2| noun |
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+ | !colspan=2| phonetic properties |
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+ | !colspan=2| declined forms |
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+ | |- |
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+ | !stressed ending vowel? |
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+ | !decl? |
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+ | !px3 form |
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+ | !gen form |
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+ | |- |
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+ | ! кенгуру |
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+ | | Y |
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+ | | N |
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+ | | [[Кенгуру|кенгурӑвӗ ]] |
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+ | | [[Кенгуру|кенгурун]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | ! Турку |
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+ | | N |
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+ | | N |
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+ | | [[Турку|Турки]] |
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+ | | [[Турку|Туркӑн]] |
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|} |
|} |
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+ | It must be said that: |
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+ | * These forms are very seldom used. |
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+ | * There are different opinions about кенгуру. We finally got the one of the Chuvash orthographic dictionary, which is becoming our main reference. |
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+ | * There is not any discussion about the unstressed у form. We used the form for such "Russian" words with unstressed back vowels as министерство, барокко (вето, гетто, евро, эсперанто...) and литература, whose endings differ only in the "dictionary" form. |
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+ | |||
+ | === Archiphonemes === |
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+ | |||
+ | ==== {ӗ} ==== |
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+ | <pre> |
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+ | realisation environment examples |
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+ | ----------- ----------- -------- |
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+ | ӗ after consonants вӑкӑр>{ӗ}{н}:вӑкӑрӗ |
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+ | 0 before dative вӑкӑр>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:вӑкӑрна |
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+ | и ~after vowels кӳл{ː}ӗ>{ӗ}{н}:кӳлли |
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+ | кӗнеке>{ӗ}{н}:кӗнеки |
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+ | каҫма>{ӗ}{н}:каҫми |
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+ | after {ː} йӗп{ː}>{ӗ}{н}:йӗппи |
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+ | ~after CCо пальто>{ӗ}{н}:пальти |
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+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | triggers front vowel harmony even when 0 |
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+ | склад>{ӗ}{н}>{Т}{А}н:склачӗнчен |
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+ | ҫын{ː}>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:ҫыннине |
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+ | вӑкӑр>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:вӑкӑрне |
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+ | triggers т|д → ч _ when present |
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+ | ҫурт>{ӗ}{н}:ҫурчӗ |
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+ | склад>{ӗ}:склачӗ |
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+ | triggers у|ӳ|о → ӑв|ӗв|ов _ even when 0, only after single consonant |
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+ | ту>{ӗ}{н}:тӑвӗ |
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+ | ту>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:тӑвна |
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+ | пӳ>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:пӗвне |
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+ | кино>{ӗ}{н}:киновӗ |
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+ | triggers gemination _ in geminate roots |
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+ | пул{ː}ӑ>{ӗ}{н}:пулли |
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+ | йӗп{ː}>{ӗ}{н}:йӗппи |
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+ | triggers ь:и _ |
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+ | кӗсье>{ӗ}{н}:кӗсйи |
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+ | </pre> |
Latest revision as of 18:14, 23 September 2012
This page is for analyses and organisation of materials on Chuvash. See also Morphology of Chuvash/Questions for standing questions that need attention.
Contents
Morphophonology[edit]
"Russian" nouns ending in ‹о›[edit]
noun | phonetic properties | declined forms | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ru pronunciation | [ɔ]? | σ́] | decl? | px3 form | о→ов? | gen form | |
пальто | [palʲˈtɔ] | Y | Y | N | пальти, пальтовӗ | N (not it he standard language but used) | пальтон |
звено | Y | ? | Y | звени | N | звенон | |
министерство | N | Y | министерстви | N | министерствӑн | ||
барокко | N | N | барокки | N | бароккӑн | ||
радио | [ˈradʲiɔ] | Y | N | N | радиовӗ | Y | радион |
кино | [kʲiˈnɔ] | Y | Y | N | киновӗ | Y | кинон |
правительство | [praˈvʲitʲɪlstva] | N | N | Y | правительстви | N | |
дело | [ˈdʲela] | N | N | Y | дели | N |
"Russian" nouns ending in ‹у›[edit]
noun | phonetic properties | declined forms | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
stressed ending vowel? | decl? | px3 form | gen form | |
кенгуру | Y | N | кенгурӑвӗ | кенгурун |
Турку | N | N | Турки | Туркӑн |
It must be said that:
- These forms are very seldom used.
- There are different opinions about кенгуру. We finally got the one of the Chuvash orthographic dictionary, which is becoming our main reference.
- There is not any discussion about the unstressed у form. We used the form for such "Russian" words with unstressed back vowels as министерство, барокко (вето, гетто, евро, эсперанто...) and литература, whose endings differ only in the "dictionary" form.
Archiphonemes[edit]
{ӗ}[edit]
realisation environment examples ----------- ----------- -------- ӗ after consonants вӑкӑр>{ӗ}{н}:вӑкӑрӗ 0 before dative вӑкӑр>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:вӑкӑрна и ~after vowels кӳл{ː}ӗ>{ӗ}{н}:кӳлли кӗнеке>{ӗ}{н}:кӗнеки каҫма>{ӗ}{н}:каҫми after {ː} йӗп{ː}>{ӗ}{н}:йӗппи ~after CCо пальто>{ӗ}{н}:пальти triggers front vowel harmony even when 0 склад>{ӗ}{н}>{Т}{А}н:склачӗнчен ҫын{ː}>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:ҫыннине вӑкӑр>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:вӑкӑрне triggers т|д → ч _ when present ҫурт>{ӗ}{н}:ҫурчӗ склад>{ӗ}:склачӗ triggers у|ӳ|о → ӑв|ӗв|ов _ even when 0, only after single consonant ту>{ӗ}{н}:тӑвӗ ту>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:тӑвна пӳ>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:пӗвне кино>{ӗ}{н}:киновӗ triggers gemination _ in geminate roots пул{ː}ӑ>{ӗ}{н}:пулли йӗп{ː}>{ӗ}{н}:йӗппи triggers ь:и _ кӗсье>{ӗ}{н}:кӗсйи