Difference between revisions of "Morphology of Chuvash"
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This page is for analyses and organisation of materials on Chuvash. See also [[Morphology of Chuvash/Questions]] for standing questions that need attention. |
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== Morphophonology == |
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=== "Russian" nouns ending in ‹о› === |
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{|class="wikitable" |
{|class="wikitable" |
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|- |
|- |
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!rowspan=2| noun |
!rowspan=2| noun |
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!colspan=4| phonetic properties |
!colspan=4| phonetic properties |
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!colspan= |
!colspan=3| declined forms |
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|- |
|- |
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!pronunciation |
!ru pronunciation |
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![ɔ]? |
![ɔ]? |
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!σ́] |
!σ́] |
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!decl? |
!decl? |
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!form |
!px3 form |
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!о→ов? |
!о→ов? |
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!gen form |
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|- |
|- |
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! пальто |
! пальто |
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| Y |
| Y |
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| Y |
| Y |
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| N |
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| [[Пальто|пальти]], пальтовӗ |
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| N (not it he standard language but used) |
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| [[Пальто|пальтон]] |
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|- |
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! звено |
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| |
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| Y |
| Y |
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| ? |
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| Y |
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| [[Звено|звени]] |
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| N |
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| [[Звено|звенон]] |
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|- |
|- |
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! министерство |
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! правительство |
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| |
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| [praˈvʲitʲɪlstva] |
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| N |
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| N |
| N |
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| |
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| Y |
| Y |
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| [[Министерство|министерстви]] |
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| N |
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| [[Министерство|министерствӑн]] |
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|- |
|- |
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! барокко |
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! дело |
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| |
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| [ˈdʲela] |
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| N |
| N |
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| |
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| N |
| N |
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| [[Барокко|барокки]] |
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| Y |
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| N |
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| [[Барокко|бароккӑн]] |
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|- |
|- |
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! радио |
! радио |
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| N |
| N |
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| N |
| N |
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| [[Радио|радиовӗ]] |
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| Y |
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| [[Радио|радион]] |
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|- |
|- |
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! кино |
! кино |
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| Y |
| Y |
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| N |
| N |
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| [[Кино|киновӗ]] |
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| Y |
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| [[Кино|кинон]] |
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|- |
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! правительство |
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| [praˈvʲitʲɪlstva] |
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| N |
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| N |
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| Y |
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| правительстви |
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| N |
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|- |
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! дело |
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| [ˈdʲela] |
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| N |
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| N |
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| Y |
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| [[Дело|дели]] |
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| N |
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|} |
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=== "Russian" nouns ending in ‹у› === |
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{|class="wikitable" |
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|- |
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!rowspan=2| noun |
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!colspan=2| phonetic properties |
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!colspan=2| declined forms |
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|- |
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!stressed ending vowel? |
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!decl? |
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!px3 form |
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!gen form |
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|- |
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! кенгуру |
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| Y |
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| N |
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| [[Кенгуру|кенгурӑвӗ ]] |
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| [[Кенгуру|кенгурун]] |
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|- |
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! Турку |
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| N |
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| N |
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| [[Турку|Турки]] |
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| [[Турку|Туркӑн]] |
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|} |
|} |
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It must be said that: |
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* These forms are very seldom used. |
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* There are different opinions about кенгуру. We finally got the one of the Chuvash orthographic dictionary, which is becoming our main reference. |
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* There is not any discussion about the unstressed у form. We used the form for such "Russian" words with unstressed back vowels as министерство, барокко (вето, гетто, евро, эсперанто...) and литература, whose endings differ only in the "dictionary" form. |
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=== Archiphonemes === |
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==== {ӗ} ==== |
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<pre> |
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realisation environment examples |
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----------- ----------- -------- |
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ӗ after consonants вӑкӑр>{ӗ}{н}:вӑкӑрӗ |
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0 before dative вӑкӑр>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:вӑкӑрна |
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и ~after vowels кӳл{ː}ӗ>{ӗ}{н}:кӳлли |
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кӗнеке>{ӗ}{н}:кӗнеки |
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каҫма>{ӗ}{н}:каҫми |
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after {ː} йӗп{ː}>{ӗ}{н}:йӗппи |
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~after CCо пальто>{ӗ}{н}:пальти |
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triggers front vowel harmony even when 0 |
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склад>{ӗ}{н}>{Т}{А}н:склачӗнчен |
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ҫын{ː}>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:ҫыннине |
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вӑкӑр>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:вӑкӑрне |
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triggers т|д → ч _ when present |
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ҫурт>{ӗ}{н}:ҫурчӗ |
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склад>{ӗ}:склачӗ |
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triggers у|ӳ|о → ӑв|ӗв|ов _ even when 0, only after single consonant |
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ту>{ӗ}{н}:тӑвӗ |
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ту>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:тӑвна |
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пӳ>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:пӗвне |
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кино>{ӗ}{н}:киновӗ |
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triggers gemination _ in geminate roots |
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пул{ː}ӑ>{ӗ}{н}:пулли |
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йӗп{ː}>{ӗ}{н}:йӗппи |
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triggers ь:и _ |
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кӗсье>{ӗ}{н}:кӗсйи |
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</pre> |
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Latest revision as of 18:14, 23 September 2012
This page is for analyses and organisation of materials on Chuvash. See also Morphology of Chuvash/Questions for standing questions that need attention.
Contents
Morphophonology[edit]
"Russian" nouns ending in ‹о›[edit]
| noun | phonetic properties | declined forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ru pronunciation | [ɔ]? | σ́] | decl? | px3 form | о→ов? | gen form | |
| пальто | [palʲˈtɔ] | Y | Y | N | пальти, пальтовӗ | N (not it he standard language but used) | пальтон |
| звено | Y | ? | Y | звени | N | звенон | |
| министерство | N | Y | министерстви | N | министерствӑн | ||
| барокко | N | N | барокки | N | бароккӑн | ||
| радио | [ˈradʲiɔ] | Y | N | N | радиовӗ | Y | радион |
| кино | [kʲiˈnɔ] | Y | Y | N | киновӗ | Y | кинон |
| правительство | [praˈvʲitʲɪlstva] | N | N | Y | правительстви | N | |
| дело | [ˈdʲela] | N | N | Y | дели | N | |
"Russian" nouns ending in ‹у›[edit]
| noun | phonetic properties | declined forms | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| stressed ending vowel? | decl? | px3 form | gen form | |
| кенгуру | Y | N | кенгурӑвӗ | кенгурун |
| Турку | N | N | Турки | Туркӑн |
It must be said that:
- These forms are very seldom used.
- There are different opinions about кенгуру. We finally got the one of the Chuvash orthographic dictionary, which is becoming our main reference.
- There is not any discussion about the unstressed у form. We used the form for such "Russian" words with unstressed back vowels as министерство, барокко (вето, гетто, евро, эсперанто...) and литература, whose endings differ only in the "dictionary" form.
Archiphonemes[edit]
{ӗ}[edit]
realisation environment examples
----------- ----------- --------
ӗ after consonants вӑкӑр>{ӗ}{н}:вӑкӑрӗ
0 before dative вӑкӑр>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:вӑкӑрна
и ~after vowels кӳл{ː}ӗ>{ӗ}{н}:кӳлли
кӗнеке>{ӗ}{н}:кӗнеки
каҫма>{ӗ}{н}:каҫми
after {ː} йӗп{ː}>{ӗ}{н}:йӗппи
~after CCо пальто>{ӗ}{н}:пальти
triggers front vowel harmony even when 0
склад>{ӗ}{н}>{Т}{А}н:склачӗнчен
ҫын{ː}>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:ҫыннине
вӑкӑр>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:вӑкӑрне
triggers т|д → ч _ when present
ҫурт>{ӗ}{н}:ҫурчӗ
склад>{ӗ}:склачӗ
triggers у|ӳ|о → ӑв|ӗв|ов _ even when 0, only after single consonant
ту>{ӗ}{н}:тӑвӗ
ту>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:тӑвна
пӳ>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:пӗвне
кино>{ӗ}{н}:киновӗ
triggers gemination _ in geminate roots
пул{ː}ӑ>{ӗ}{н}:пулли
йӗп{ː}>{ӗ}{н}:йӗппи
triggers ь:и _
кӗсье>{ӗ}{н}:кӗсйи
