Difference between revisions of "Morphology of Chuvash"

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(→‎"Russian" nouns ending in ‹о›: bringing back deleted forms)
 
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This page is for analyses and organisation of materials on Chuvash. See also [[Morphology of Chuvash/Questions]] for standing questions that need attention.

== Morphophonology ==

=== "Russian" nouns ending in ‹о› ===

{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!rowspan=2| noun
!rowspan=2| noun
!colspan=4| phonetic properties
!colspan=4| phonetic properties
!colspan=2| declined forms
!colspan=3| declined forms
|-
|-
!pronunciation
!ru pronunciation
![ɔ]?
![ɔ]?
!σ́]
!σ́]
!decl?
!decl?
!form
!px3 form
!о→ов?
!о→ов?
!gen form
|-
|-
! пальто
! пальто
| [palʲˈtɔ]
| Y
| Y
| N
| [[Пальто|пальти]], пальтовӗ
| N (not it he standard language but used)
| [[Пальто|пальтон]]
|-
|-
! звено
! правительство
|
| Y
| ?
| Y
| [[Звено|звени]]
| N
| [[Звено|звенон]]
|-
|-
! министерство
! дело
|
| N
|
| Y
| [[Министерство|министерстви]]
| N
| [[Министерство|министерствӑн]]
|-
! барокко
|
| N
|
| N
| [[Барокко|барокки]]
| N
| [[Барокко|бароккӑн]]
|-
|-
! радио
! радио
| [ˈradʲiɔ]
| Y
| N
| N
| [[Радио|радиовӗ]]
| Y
| [[Радио|радион]]
|-
|-
! кино
! кино
| [kʲiˈnɔ]
| Y
| Y
| N
| [[Кино|киновӗ]]
| Y
| [[Кино|кинон]]
|-
! правительство
| [praˈvʲitʲɪlstva]
| N
| N
| Y
| правительстви
| N
|-
! дело
| [ˈdʲela]
| N
| N
| Y
| [[Дело|дели]]
| N
|}

=== "Russian" nouns ending in ‹у› ===

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!rowspan=2| noun
!colspan=2| phonetic properties
!colspan=2| declined forms
|-
!stressed ending vowel?
!decl?
!px3 form
!gen form
|-
! кенгуру
| Y
| N
| [[Кенгуру|кенгурӑвӗ ]]
| [[Кенгуру|кенгурун]]
|-
! Турку
| N
| N
| [[Турку|Турки]]
| [[Турку|Туркӑн]]
|}
|}
It must be said that:
* These forms are very seldom used.
* There are different opinions about кенгуру. We finally got the one of the Chuvash orthographic dictionary, which is becoming our main reference.
* There is not any discussion about the unstressed у form. We used the form for such "Russian" words with unstressed back vowels as министерство, барокко (вето, гетто, евро, эсперанто...) and литература, whose endings differ only in the "dictionary" form.

=== Archiphonemes ===

==== {ӗ} ====
<pre>
realisation environment examples
----------- ----------- --------
ӗ after consonants вӑкӑр>{ӗ}{н}:вӑкӑрӗ
0 before dative вӑкӑр>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:вӑкӑрна
и ~after vowels кӳл{ː}ӗ>{ӗ}{н}:кӳлли
кӗнеке>{ӗ}{н}:кӗнеки
каҫма>{ӗ}{н}:каҫми
after {ː} йӗп{ː}>{ӗ}{н}:йӗппи
~after CCо пальто>{ӗ}{н}:пальти


triggers front vowel harmony even when 0
склад>{ӗ}{н}>{Т}{А}н:склачӗнчен
ҫын{ː}>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:ҫыннине
вӑкӑр>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:вӑкӑрне
triggers т|д → ч _ when present
ҫурт>{ӗ}{н}:ҫурчӗ
склад>{ӗ}:склачӗ
triggers у|ӳ|о → ӑв|ӗв|ов _ even when 0, only after single consonant
ту>{ӗ}{н}:тӑвӗ
ту>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:тӑвна
пӳ>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:пӗвне
кино>{ӗ}{н}:киновӗ
triggers gemination _ in geminate roots
пул{ː}ӑ>{ӗ}{н}:пулли
йӗп{ː}>{ӗ}{н}:йӗппи
triggers ь:и _
кӗсье>{ӗ}{н}:кӗсйи
</pre>

Latest revision as of 18:14, 23 September 2012

This page is for analyses and organisation of materials on Chuvash. See also Morphology of Chuvash/Questions for standing questions that need attention.

Morphophonology[edit]

"Russian" nouns ending in ‹о›[edit]

noun phonetic properties declined forms
ru pronunciation [ɔ]? σ́] decl? px3 form о→ов? gen form
пальто [palʲˈtɔ] Y Y N пальти, пальтовӗ N (not it he standard language but used) пальтон
звено Y ? Y звени N звенон
министерство N Y министерстви N министерствӑн
барокко N N барокки N бароккӑн
радио [ˈradʲiɔ] Y N N радиовӗ Y радион
кино [kʲiˈnɔ] Y Y N киновӗ Y кинон
правительство [praˈvʲitʲɪlstva] N N Y правительстви N
дело [ˈdʲela] N N Y дели N

"Russian" nouns ending in ‹у›[edit]

noun phonetic properties declined forms
stressed ending vowel? decl? px3 form gen form
кенгуру Y N кенгурӑвӗ кенгурун
Турку N N Турки Туркӑн

It must be said that:

  • These forms are very seldom used.
  • There are different opinions about кенгуру. We finally got the one of the Chuvash orthographic dictionary, which is becoming our main reference.
  • There is not any discussion about the unstressed у form. We used the form for such "Russian" words with unstressed back vowels as министерство, барокко (вето, гетто, евро, эсперанто...) and литература, whose endings differ only in the "dictionary" form.

Archiphonemes[edit]

{ӗ}[edit]

realisation  environment        examples
-----------  -----------        --------
ӗ            after consonants   вӑкӑр>{ӗ}{н}:вӑкӑрӗ
0            before dative      вӑкӑр>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:вӑкӑрна
и            ~after vowels      кӳл{ː}ӗ>{ӗ}{н}:кӳлли
                                кӗнеке>{ӗ}{н}:кӗнеки
                                каҫма>{ӗ}{н}:каҫми
             after {ː}          йӗп{ː}>{ӗ}{н}:йӗппи
             ~after CCо         пальто>{ӗ}{н}:пальти


triggers front vowel harmony even when 0
   склад>{ӗ}{н}>{Т}{А}н:склачӗнчен
   ҫын{ː}>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:ҫыннине
   вӑкӑр>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:вӑкӑрне
triggers т|д → ч _ when present
   ҫурт>{ӗ}{н}:ҫурчӗ
   склад>{ӗ}:склачӗ
triggers у|ӳ|о → ӑв|ӗв|ов _ even when 0, only after single consonant
   ту>{ӗ}{н}:тӑвӗ
   ту>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:тӑвна
   пӳ>{ӗ}{н}>{н}{А}:пӗвне
   кино>{ӗ}{н}:киновӗ
triggers gemination _ in geminate roots
   пул{ː}ӑ>{ӗ}{н}:пулли
   йӗп{ː}>{ӗ}{н}:йӗппи
triggers ь:и _
   кӗсье>{ӗ}{н}:кӗсйи
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