Difference between revisions of "Turkic languages"

Latest revision as of 15:24, 1 October 2021

The Turkic languages include Turkish, Azeri, Uzbek, Uyghur, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Tatar, Chuvash, Turkmen, Bashkir, Sakha, Crimean Tatar and several dozen other languages. The languages are related with varying levels of mutual intelligibility. A team called Apertium Turkic aims to enhance MT coverage of these languages within Apertium.

The ultimate master plan involves generating independent finite-state transducers for each language, and then making individual dictionaries and transfer rules for every pair. The current status of these goals is listed below.

Status[edit]

The ultimate goal is to have multi-purpose transducers and annotated corpora (i.e. treebanks) for a variety of Turkic languages. These can then be paired for X→Y translation with the addition of a CG for language X and transfer rules / dictionary for the pair X→Y. Below is listed development progress for each language's transducers and dictionary pairs.

Transducers[edit]

See also: Turkic lexicon and Languages

Once a transducer has ~80% coverage on a range of medium-large corpora we can say it is "working". Over 90% and it can be considered to be "production".

name	Language	native name	ISO 639		formalism	state	stems	coverage	location	primary authors
name	Language	native name	-1	-3	formalism	state	stems	coverage	location	primary authors
`apertium-kaz`	Kazakh	қазақ тілі	`kk`	`kaz`	HFST (lexc+twol)	production	36,595	~94.5%	apertium-kaz (languages)	Ilnar, Jonathan, Fran, Aida, Beknazar, Nathan
`apertium-tat`	Tatar	татар теле	`tt`	`tat`	HFST (lexc+twol)	production	55,702	~91%	apertium-tat (languages)	Ilnar, Fran, Jonathan, Röstäm
`apertium-kir`	Kyrgyz	кыргыз тили	`ky`	`kir`	HFST (lexc+twol)	working	14,424	~90.4%	apertium-kir (languages)	Jonathan, Mirlan, Fran, Qantörö
`apertium-tyv`	Tuvan	Тыва дыл	`-`	`tyv`	HFST (lexc+twol)	working	11,695	~92.7%	apertium-tyv (languages)	Fran, Алдынай, Aziyana, Jonathan
`apertium-tur`	Turkish	Türk dili	`tr`	`tur`	HFST (lexc+twol)	development	17,221	~87.3%	apertium-tur (incubator)	Fran, Gianluca, Jonathan
`apertium-crh`	Crimean Tatar	qırımtatar tili	`-`	`crh`	HFST (lexc+twol)	development	11,757	~85.4%	apertium-crh (languages)	Fran, Jonathan
`apertium-chv`	Chuvash	чӑваш чӗлхи	`cv`	`chv`	HFST (lexc+twol)	development	10,267	~85%	apertium-chv (languages)	Hèctor
`apertium-sah`	Sakha	Саха тыла	`-`	`sah`	HFST (lexc+twol)	development	11,531	~89.6%	apertium-sah (languages)	Sardana Ivanova, Fran, Jonathan, Christopher Straughn
`apertium-kum`	Kumyk	къумукъ тил	`-`	`kum`	HFST (lexc+twol)	development	4,918	~90.2%	apertium-kum (languages)	Fran, Jonathan
`apertium-kaa`	Karakalpak	Qaraqalpaq tili	`-`	`kaa`	HFST (lexc+twol)	development	25,545	~86.1%	apertium-kaa (languages)	Beknazar, Fran, Jonathan
`apertium-uzb`	Uzbek	o'zbek tili	`uz`	`uzb`	HFST (lexc+twol)	development	34,470	~82.9%	apertium-uzb (languages)
`apertium-krc`	Karachay-Balkar	Къарачай-Малкъар тил	`-`	`krc`	HFST (lexc+twol)	development	7,895	~89.7%	apertium-krc (incubator)	Fran, Jonathan
`apertium-bak`	Bashkir	башҡорт теле	`ba`	`bak`	HFST (lexc+twol)	development	2,827	~66%	apertium-bak (languages)	Fran, Jonathan, Ilnar, Milli
`apertium-nog`	Nogay	Ногай тили	`-`	`nog`	HFST (lexc+twol)	development	1,385	~81.4%	apertium-nog (languages)	Fran, Jonathan
`apertium-gag`	Gagauz	Gagauz dili	`-`	`gag`	HFST (lexc+twol)	prototype	3,143	~78%	apertium-gag (incubator)	Fran Sevilay
`apertium-tuk`	Turkmen	Türkmençe	`tk`	`tuk`	HFST (lexc+twol)	development	2,988	~70.7%	apertium-tuk (languages)	Fran
`apertium-uig`	Uyghur	ئۇيغۇر تىلى	`ug`	`uig`	HFST (lexc+twol)	prototype	17,585	~54.2%	apertium-uig (incubator)	Jonathan, Märdan, Fran
`apertium-alt`	Altay	Алтай тили	-	`alt`	HFST (lexc+twol)	prototype	284	~52.27%	apertium-alt (incubator)	Jonathan, D Tokmashev
`apertium-kjh`	Khakas	Хакас тілі	`-`	`kjh`	HFST (lexc+twol)	prototype	293	~39.3%	apertium-kjh (incubator)	Fran
`apertium-ota`	Ottoman Turkish	لسان عثمانى‎	`-`	`ota`	HFST (lexc+twol)	prototype	75	~10.8%	apertium-ota (incubator)	Fran
`apertium-aze`	Azerbaijani	Azərbaycan dili	`az`	`aze`	HFST (lexc+twol)	prototype	11,120		apertium-aze (incubator)	Gianluca

Annotated corpora[edit]

name	Language	native name	ISO 639		disambiguated		dep-annotated		avg. length	location	primary authors
name	Language	native name	-2	-3	sent	tokens	sent	tokens	avg. length	location	primary authors
`apertium-kaz`	Kazakh	қазақ тілі	`kk`	`kaz`	-	-	403	5086		apertium-kaz (languages)	Jonathan, Fran
`apertium-tyv`	Tuvan	Тыва дыл	`-`	`tyv`	-	-	115	639		apertium-tyv (languages)	Jonathan, Fran
`apertium-crh`	Crimean Tatar	qırımtatar tili	`-`	`crh`	-	-	150	855	5.7	apertium-crh (languages)	Fran
`apertium-krc`	Karachay-Balkar		`-`	`krc`	-	-	17	116	6.8		Fran
`apertium-uig`	Uyghur	ئۇيغۇر تىلى	`-`	`uig`	123	951	27	191	7.1	apertium-uig (incubator)	Fran

Turkic languages by subgroup[edit]

Oğuz: Turkish, Azeri, Turkmen, Gagauz, Trukhmen, Afshar, Qashqai, Bojnur, etc.
Qarluq: Uzbek, Uyghur
Qıpçaq:
- West: Kumyk, Karachay-Balkar, Crimean Tatar, Karaim
- North: Tatar, Bashqort
- South (trad. East): Kazakh, Karakalpak, Nogay
- East: Kyrgyz
Altay: South Altay (, Kyrgyz)
Yeniseian: Khakas, Shor, Chulym, Baraba Tatar, North Altay
Sayan: Tuvan, Tofa, Tozhu, Dukha, Soyot
Lena: Sakha, Dolgan
Arğu: Halaj
Oğur: Chuvash

Pairs[edit]

Some Turkic languages that are particularly similar to one another (and hence have varying degrees of mutual intelligibility) include those in the following list:

Turkish, Azerbaycani, (Turkmen)
Qazaq, Qaraqalpaq, Noğay, (Qırğız)
Kumyk, Karachay-Balkar
Tatar, Bashqort
Uzbek, Uyğur
Shor, Khakas(, Altay)
Sakha, Dolgan
Tuvan, Tofa

Chuvash is very distant from other Turkic languages and is not even partially mutually intelligible with any of them.

Table of existing pairs[edit]

See also: Turkic-Turkic translator

Text in italics denotes prototype language pairs in the incubator. Regular text denotes a developing language pair in nursery, while text in bold denotes a stable well-working language pair in trunk, and text in bold and italics denotes a pair in staging. Bidix stems as counted with dixcounter are displayed below.

	tur	aze	tuk	uzb	kir	kaz	tat	bak	chv	nog	kaa	kum	uig	krc	crh	gag	sah	tyv	kjh
tur	-	tur-aze 8,194	tuk-tur 3,387	tur-uzb 13,086	tur-kir 7,123	kaz-tur 7,526	tur-tat 4,268		chv-tur 31,930				uig-tur 10,159		crh-tur 7,106
aze	tur-aze 8,194	-
tuk	tuk-tur 3,387		-
uzb	tur-uzb 13,086			-	kir-uzb 268						uzb-kaa 24,114
kir	tur-kir 7,123			kir-uzb 268	-	kaz-kir 8,174	tat-kir
kaz	kaz-tur 7,526				kaz-kir 8,174	-	kaz-tat 9,956			nog-kaz 9	kaz-kaa 5,408	kaz-kum 561	kaz-uig 2,728				kaz-sah 2,872	kaz-tyv 124
tat	tur-tat 4,268				tat-kir	kaz-tat 9,956	-	tat-bak 57,710	chv-tat 29,456
bak							tat-bak 57,710	-
chv	chv-tur 31,930						chv-tat 29,456		-
nog						nog-kaz 9				-
kaa				uzb-kaa 24,114		kaz-kaa 5,408					-
kum						kaz-kum 561						-
uig	uig-tur 10,159					kaz-uig 2,728							-
krc														-
crh	crh-tur 7,106														-
gag																-
sah						kaz-sah 2,872											-
tyv						kaz-tyv 124												-
kjh																			-

eng	tr-en 171				eng-kir 465	eng-kaz 32,994	tat-eng 14,985										sah-eng
epo	eo-tr 1,500
fin	tur-fin 21
khk						khk-kaz 134
rus						kaz-rus 29,572	tat-rus 6,003		cv-ru 75

Roadmap[edit]

~~Stable release of apertium-kaz~~
~~Stable release of apertium-tat~~
~~Stable release of apertium-kaz-tat~~
Rework apertium-kir to match new standards
Bring apertium-bak up to date (based on apertium-tat)
Expand apertium-tat-bak
Beta release of apertium-kaz-kir
Beta release of apertium-tur-kir
Expand apertium-tuk
Expand apertium-chv
Basic transducers for:
- ~~Qaraqalpaq (based on ~~Tatar~~ Kazakh, probably, no?)~~
- ~~Uzbek~~
- ~~Uyghur~~
- ~~Nogay~~
- ~~Kumyk~~
- Khakas
- ~~Tuvan~~
- ~~Sakha~~
- Shor
- ~~Crimean Tatar~~

Getting involved[edit]

We have a work plan for developing Turkic-Turkic translators and are working on a how-to for building a Turkic lexicon. Please come talk to us on IRC or contact us on the apertium-turkic mailing list.

Samples[edit]

Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Language	Text
Kazakh	Барлық адамдар тумысынан азат және қадір‐қасиеті мен кұқықтары тең болып дүниеге келеді. Адамдарға ақыл‐парасат, ар‐ождан берілген, сондықтан олар бір‐бірімен туыстық, бауырмалдық қарым‐қатынас жасаулары тиіс.
Tatar	Барлык кешеләр дә азат һәм үз абруйлары һәм хокуклары ягыннан тиң булып туалар. Аларга акыл һәм вөҗдан бирелгән һәм бер-берсенә карата туганнарча мөнәсәбәттә булырга тиешләр.
Kyrgyz	Бардык адамдар өз беделинде жана укуктарында эркин жана тең укуктуу болуп жаралат. Алардын аң‐сезими менен абийири бар жана бири‐бирине бир туугандык мамилекылууга тийиш.
Turkish	Bütün insanlar hür, haysiyet ve haklar bakımından eşit doğarlar. Akıl ve vicdana sahiptirler ve birbirlerine karşı kardeşlik zihniyeti ile hareket etmelidirler.
Azerbaijani	Bütün insanlar ləyaqət və hüquqlarına görə azad və bərabər doğulurlar. Onların şüurları və vicdanları var və bir-birlərinə münasibətdə qardaşlıq ruhunda davranmalıdırlar.
Gagauz	İnsannar hepsi duuêrlar serbest hem birtakım kendi kıymetindä hem haklarında. Onnara verilmiş akıl hem üz da läazım biri-birinä davransınnar kardaşlık ruhuna uygun.
Turkmen	Adamlaryň hemmesi azat dogulýarlar we öz mertebesi hem-de hukuklary boýunça ilkibaşdan deňdirler. Olara ozal-başdan aň, ynsap berlendir we biri-birine özara doganlyk ruhunda çemeleşmek olaryň ýaraşygydyr.
Uzbek (Latin script)	Barcha odamlar erkin, qadr-qimmat ba huquqlarda tang bo'lib tug'iladilar. Ular aql va vijdon sohibidilar va bir-birla iga birodarlarcha muomala qilishlari zarur.
Uyghur	ھەممە ئادەم زاتىدىنلا ئەركىن، ئىززەت-ھۆرمەت ۋە ھوقۇقتا بابباراۋەر بولۇپ تۇغۇلغان. ئۇلار ئەقىلغە ۋە ۋىجدانغا ئىگە ھەمدە بىر-بىرىگە قېرىنداشلىق مۇناسىۋىتىگە خاس روھ بىلەن مۇئامىلە قىلىشى كېرەك.
Tyva	Бүгү кижилер хостуг база мөзүзү болгаш эргелери дең кылдыр төрүттүнер. Оларга угаансарыыл болгаш арын-нүүр бердинген болур болгаш олар бот-боттарынга акы-дуңмалышкы хамаарылганы көргүзер ужурлуг.
Karachay-Balkar	Бютеу адамла эркин болуб эмда сыйлары бла хакълары тенг болуб тууадыла. Алагъа акъыл бла намыс берилгенди эмда бир-бирлерине къарнашлыкъ халда къараргъа керекдиле.
Altai	Ончо улус ак-јарыкка јайым ла теҥ-тай тап-эриктӱ туулат. Олор санааукаалу ла чек кӱӱн-тапту болуп бӱткен ле бой-бойын карындаш кирези кӧрӧр лӧ јӱрер учурлу.
Khakas	Полған на кізі пос паза тиң тіріпче паза тиң постың синін пілінгенін паза тірелерініңде полча. Олардың сағынғаны паза арығ сағыс пар паза харындастар чіли тудынарға киректер.
Shor	Парчын кижи, по чарыққа туғчадып, тең, пош туғча. Кижилер сағыштығ, ақтығ туғчалар, кижилерге пашқа кижилербе арғыштаныштарға керек.
Sakha	Дьон барыта бэйэ суолтатыгар уонна быраабыгар тэҥ буолан төрүүллэр. Кинилэр бары өркөн өйдөөх, суобастаах буолан төрүүллэр, уонна бэйэ бэйэлэригэр тылга кииринигэс быһыылара доҕордоһуу тыыннаах буолуохтаах.
Crimean Tatar	Bütün insanlar ür, sayğı ve uquqlar itibarı ile musaviy doğalar. Aqıl ve vicdanğa saipler ve bir-birlerine qarşı ağa-qardaşlıq fikirnen areket etmelidirler.

Vulnerability[edit]

This table summarizes the vulnerability of various Turkic languages. Vulnerability data is derived from the ‘Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, © UNESCO, http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas’ and Ethnologue.

Language	ISO639-3	Location	Speakers	Status
Language	ISO639-3	Location	Speakers	Ethnologue	UNESCO
Chagatai	`chg`	Turkmenistan	0	10 (Extinct)	-
Salchuq	`slq`	Iran	0	10 (Extinct)	-
Chulym	`clw`	Russian Federation	44	8b (Nearly extinct)	4 (Critically endangered)
Karaim	`kdr`	Lithuania & Ukraine	56	8b (Nearly extinct)	5 (Extinct)
Tofa (Karagas)	`kim`	Russian Federation	90	8b (Nearly extinct)	4 (Critically endangered)
Krimchak	`jct`	Ukraine	200	8b (Nearly extinct)	-
Ili Turki	`ili`	China	120	8a (Moribund)	3 (Severely endangered)
Yugur (Western/Saryg)	`ybe`	China	4,600	8a (Moribund)	3 (Severely endangered)
Balkan Gagauz Turkish	`bgx`	Turkey	331,000	7 (Shifting)	-
Dolgan	`dlg`	Russian Federation	1,050	6b (Threatened)	2 (Definitely endangered)
Shor	`cjs`	Russian Federation	2,840	6b (Threatened)	3 (Severely endangered)
Ainu	`aib`	China	6,570	6b (Threatened)	-
Altay, Northern	`atv`	Russian Federation	57,400	6b (Threatened)	3 (Severely endangered)
Salar	`slr`	China	70,000	6b (Threatened)	1 (Vulnerable)
Urum	`uum`	Georgia, Russian Federation, Ukraine	192,700	6b (Threatened)	2 (Definitely endangered)
Khalaj	`klj`	Iran	42,100	6a (Vigorous)	1 (Vulnerable)
Khorasani	`kmz`	Iran	400,000	6a (Vigorous)	1 (Vulnerable)
Kashkay	`qxq`	Iran	1,500,000	6a (Vigorous)	-
Khakas	`kjh`	Russian Federation	42,610	5 (Developing)	5 (Extinct)
Nogay	`nog`	Russian Federation	87,410	5 (Developing)	2 (Definitely endangered)
Gagauz	`gag`	Moldova	173,920	5 (Developing)	-
Karakalpak	`kaa`	Uzbekistan	410,410	5 (Developing)	-
Kumyk	`kum`	Russian Federation	426,550	5 (Developing)	1 (Vulnerable)
Tuva	`tyv`	China, Mongolia, Russian Federation	283,400	4 (Educational)	1 (Vulnerable)
Karachay-Balkar	`krc`	Russian Federation	310,730	4 (Educational)	1 (Vulnerable)
Crimean Tatar	`crh`	Ukraine	475,540	4 (Educational)	-
Chuvash	`chv`	Russian Federation	1,077,420	4 (Educational)	1 (Vulnerable)
Bashkort	`bak`	Russian Federation	1,221,340	4 (Educational)	1 (Vulnerable)
Uzbek, Southern	`uzs`	Afghanistan	2,961,980	3 (Wider communication)	-
Azerbaijani, Southern	`azb`	Iran	16,913,280	3 (Wider communication)	-
Altay, Southern	`alt`	Russian Federation	57,400	2 (Provincial)	2 (Definitely endangered)
Yakut	`sah`	Russian Federation	450,000	2 (Provincial)	1 (Vulnerable)
Tatar	`tat`	Russian Federation	5,407,550	2 (Provincial)	2 (Definitely endangered)
Uyghur	`uig`	China	8,791,610	2 (Provincial)	-
Kyrgyz	`kir`	Kyrgyzstan	2,941,930	1 (National)	-
Azerbaijani, Northern	`azj`	Azerbaijan	7,324,270	1 (National)	-
Turkmen	`tuk`	Turkmenistan	7,560,560	1 (National)	-
Kazakh	`kaz`	Kazakhstan	8,077,770	1 (National)	-
Uzbek, Northern	`uzn`	Uzbekistan	18,968,250	1 (National)	-
Turkish	`tur`	Turkey	50,733,420	1 (National)	-

Official poem[edit]

(tur) Kovayla bira içerim, ama sen bilmezsin. Yarın gelir misin?
(aze) Vedrəyle pivə içirəm, ama sen bilməzsən. Yarın gələrmisən?
(tat) Чиләк белән сыра эчәм, әмма син белмисең. Иртәгә киләсеңме?
(kaz) Шелекпен сыра ішемін, бірақ сен білмейсің. Ертең келесің бе?
(kir) Чака менен сыра ичем, бирок сен билбейсиң. Эртең келесиңби?
(uzb) Chelak bilan pivo ichaman lekin sen bilmaysan. Ertaga kelasanmi?
(kaa) Shelek penen pivo ishemen, biraq sen bilmeysen'. Erten' kelesen'be?
(tlt) Кӧнӧкмынаң сыра ичип јадым, сен-оқ аның керегинде пилбей јазың. Таңда келерзиң бе?

Footnotes[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

Sundetova, A., Tyers, F. M. and Forcada, M. L. (2015) "A free/open-source machine translation system for English to Kazakh". Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Turkic Languages (TurkLang 2015).
Tyers, F. M. and Washington, J. (2015) "Towards a free/open-source universal-dependency treebank for Kazakh". Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Turkic Languages (TurkLang 2015).
Washington, J. N., Salimzyanov, I., and Tyers, F. M. (2014) "Finite-state morphological transducers for three Kypchak languages". Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC2014
Salimzyanov, I., Washington, J. N., and Tyers, F. M. (2013) "A free/open-source Kazakh-Tatar machine translation system". Proceedings of MT Summit XIV
Washington, J. N., Ipasov, M. and Tyers, F. M. (2012) "A finite-state morphological analyser for Kyrgyz". Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC2012
Tyers, F. M., Washington, J. N., Salimzyanov, I., and Batalov, R. (2012) "A prototype machine translation system for Tatar and Bashkir based on free/open-source components". Proceedings of the Turkic Languages Workshop at the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, LREC2012

Difference between revisions of "Turkic languages"

Latest revision as of 15:24, 1 October 2021

Contents

Status[edit]

Transducers[edit]

Annotated corpora[edit]

Turkic languages by subgroup[edit]

Pairs[edit]

Table of existing pairs[edit]

Roadmap[edit]

Getting involved[edit]

Samples[edit]

Vulnerability[edit]

Official poem[edit]

Footnotes[edit]

See also[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{TOCD}}
-The '''Turkic languages''' include [[Turkish]], [[Azeri]], [[Uzbek]], [[Kazakh]], [[Kyrgyz]], [[Tatar]], [[Chuvash]], [[Bashkir]], and several dozen other languages.  The languages are related with varying levels of mutual intelligibility.  Our goal is to enhance MT coverage of them with apertium.
+The '''Turkic languages''' include [[Turkish]], [[Azeri]], [[Uzbek]], [[Uyghur]], [[Kazakh]], [[Kyrgyz]], [[Tatar]], [[Chuvash]], [[Turkmen]], [[Bashkir]], [[Sakha]], [[Crimean Tatar]] and several dozen other languages.  The languages are related with varying levels of mutual intelligibility.  A team called [[Apertium Turkic]] aims to enhance MT coverage of these languages within Apertium.
+The ultimate master plan involves generating independent finite-state transducers for each language, and then making individual dictionaries and transfer rules for every pair.  The current status of these goals is listed below.
 ==Status==
+The ultimate goal is to have multi-purpose transducers and annotated corpora (i.e. treebanks) for a variety of Turkic languages.  These can then be paired for X→Y translation with the addition of a [[Constraint Grammar|CG]] for language X and transfer rules / dictionary for the pair X→Y.  Below is listed development progress for each language's transducers and dictionary pairs.
 === Transducers ===
+{{see-also|Turkic lexicon|Languages}}
+Once a transducer has ~80% coverage on a range of medium-large corpora we can say it is "working". Over 90% and it can be considered to be "production".
-{| class="wikitable"
+{| class="wikitable sortable"
 |-
+!rowspan=2| name
-! name !! Language !! ISO !! formalism !! state !! coverage !! location
+!rowspan=2| Language
+!rowspan=2| native name
+!colspan=2 class="unsortable"| ISO 639
+!rowspan=2| formalism
+!rowspan=2| state
+!rowspan=2| stems
+!rowspan=2| coverage
+!rowspan=2| location
+!rowspan=2 class="unsortable"| primary authors
+|-class="sortbottom"
+! -1
+! -3
 |-
+|| <code>[[apertium-kaz]]</code>
-| "kymorph" || Kyrgyz || <code>ky</code> || HFST (lexc+twol) || working || ~87% || trunk/apertium-[[tr-ky]]
+|| [[Kazakh]]
+|| {{#lst:apertium-kaz/stats|nativename}}
+|| <code>kk</code>
+|| <code>kaz</code>
+|| HFST (lexc+twol)
+|| production
+|align="right"| {{#lst:apertium-kaz/stats|stems}}
+|align="center"| [[Apertium-kaz#Current_State|~{{:Apertium-kaz/stats/average}}%]]
+|| {{#lst:apertium-kaz/stats|location}}
+|| {{#lst:apertium-kaz/stats|authors}}
 |-
+|| <code>[[apertium-tat]]</code>
-| [[trmorph]] || Turkish || <code>tr</code> || SFST || working || ~88%
+|| [[Tatar]]
+|| {{#lst:apertium-tat/stats|nativename}}
+|| <code>tt</code>
+|| <code>tat</code>
+|| HFST (lexc+twol)
+|| {{#lst:apertium-tat/stats|state}}
+|align="right"| {{#lst:apertium-tat/stats|stems}}
+|align="center"| [[apertium-tat#Current_State|~{{:apertium-tat/stats/average}}%]]
+|| {{#lst:apertium-tat/stats|location}}
+|| {{#lst:apertium-tat/stats|authors}}
 |-
+| <code>[[apertium-kir]]</code>
-| [[turmorph]] || Turkish || <code>tr</code> || HFST (lexc+xfst) || development ||
+| [[Kyrgyz]]
+|| {{#lst:apertium-kir/stats|nativename}}
+| <code>ky</code>
+| <code>kir</code>
+| HFST (lexc+twol)
+| working
+|align="right"| {{#lst:apertium-kir/stats|stems}}
+|align="center"| [[apertium-kir#Current_State|~{{:Apertium-kir/stats/average}}%]]
+|| {{#lst:apertium-kir/stats|location}}
+|| {{#lst:apertium-kir/stats|authors}}
 |-
+| <code>[[apertium-tyv]]</code>
-| || Kazakh || <code>kk</code> || HFST (lexc+twol) || development || ~47% || incubator/apertium-[[ky-kk]]
+|| [[Tuvan]]
+|| {{#lst:apertium-tyv/stats|nativename}}
+|| <code>-</code>
+|| <code>tyv</code>
+|| HFST (lexc+twol)
+|| working
+|align="right"| {{#lst:apertium-tyv/stats|stems}}
+|align="center"| [[apertium-tyv#Current_State|~{{:apertium-tyv/stats/average}}%]]
+|| {{#lst:apertium-tyv/stats|location}}
+|| {{#lst:apertium-tyv/stats|authors}}
 |-
+| <code>[[apertium-tur]]</code>
-| || Chuvash || <code>cv</code> || HFST (lexc+twol) || development || ~30% || incubator/apertium-[[cv-ru]]
+| [[Turkish]]
+| Türk dili
+| <code>tr</code>
+| <code>tur</code>
+| HFST (lexc+twol)
+| development
+|align="right"| {{#lst:Apertium-tur/stats|stems}}
+|align="center"| [[Turmorph#Current State|~{{:Apertium-tur/stats/average}}%]]
+| [[apertium-tur]] ([[incubator]])
+| [[User:Francis Tyers|Fran]], [[User:zfe|Gianluca]], [[User:Firespeaker|Jonathan]]
 |-
-| || Tatar || <code>tt</code> ||
+| <code>[[apertium-crh]]</code>
+|| [[Crimean Tatar|Crimean&nbsp;Tatar]]
+|| {{#lst:apertium-crh/stats|nativename}}
+|| <code>-</code>
+|| <code>crh</code>
+|| HFST (lexc+twol)
+|| development
+|align="right"| {{#lst:apertium-crh/stats|stems}}
+|align="center"| [[apertium-crh#Current_State|~{{:apertium-crh/stats/average}}%]]
+|| {{#lst:apertium-crh/stats|location}}
+|| {{#lst:apertium-crh/stats|authors}}
 |-
+| <code>[[apertium-chv]]</code>     || [[Chuvash]]  || чӑваш чӗлхи || <code>cv</code> || <code>chv</code> || HFST (lexc+twol) || development ||align="right"| {{#lst:apertium-chv/stats|stems}} ||align="center"| [[apertium-chv#Current_State|~{{:apertium-chv/stats/average}}%]] || [[apertium-chv]]&nbsp;([[languages]]) || [[User:Hectoralos|Hèctor]]
-| azmorph || Azeri || <code>az</code> || SFST || working? || || trunk/apertium-[[tr-az]]
+|-
+| <code>[[apertium-sah]]</code>
+|| [[Sakha]]
+|| {{#lst:apertium-sah/stats|nativename}}
+|| <code>-</code>
+|| <code>sah</code>
+|| HFST (lexc+twol)
+|| development
+|align="right"| {{#lst:apertium-sah/stats|stems}}
+|align="center"| [[apertium-sah#Current_State|~{{:apertium-sah/stats/average}}%]]
+|| {{#lst:apertium-sah/stats|location}}
+|| {{#lst:apertium-sah/stats|authors}}
+|-
+| <code>[[apertium-kum]]</code>      || [[Kumyk]]    || къумукъ тил || <code>-</code> || <code>kum</code> || HFST (lexc+twol) || development ||align="right"|{{#lst:apertium-kum/stats|stems}} ||align="center"|  [[apertium-kum#Current_State|~{{:apertium-kum/stats/average}}%]] || [[apertium-kum]]&nbsp;([[languages]]) || [[User:Francis Tyers|Fran]],  [[User:Firespeaker|Jonathan]]
+|-
+| <code>[[apertium-kaa]]</code>
+|| [[Karakalpak]]
+|| {{#lst:apertium-kaa/stats|nativename}}
+|| <code>-</code>
+|| <code>kaa</code>
+|| HFST (lexc+twol)
+|| {{#lst:apertium-kaa/stats|state}}
+|align="right"| {{#lst:apertium-kaa/stats|stems}}
+|align="center"| [[apertium-kaa#Current_State|~{{:apertium-kaa/stats/average}}%]]
+|| {{#lst:apertium-kaa/stats|location}}
+|| {{#lst:apertium-kaa/stats|authors}}
+|-
+| <code>[[apertium-uzb]]</code>     || [[Uzbek]]  || o'zbek tili || <code>uz</code> || <code>uzb</code> || HFST (lexc+twol) || development ||align="right"|  {{#lst:apertium-uzb/stats|stems}}||align="center"|[[apertium-uzb#Current_State|~{{:apertium-uzb/stats/average}}%]]  || [[apertium-uzb]]&nbsp;([[languages]]) ||
+|-
+| <code>[[apertium-krc]]</code>
+|| [[Karachay-Balkar]]
+|| Къарачай-Малкъар тил
+|| <code>-</code>
+|| <code>krc</code>
+|| HFST (lexc+twol)
+|| development
+|align="right"| {{#lst:apertium-krc/stats|stems}}
+|align="center"| [[apertium-krc#Current_State|~{{:apertium-krc/stats/average}}%]]
+|| [[apertium-krc]]&nbsp;([[incubator]])
+|| [[User:Francis Tyers|Fran]], [[User:Firespeaker|Jonathan]]
+|-
+|| <code>[[apertium-bak]]</code>
+|| [[Bashkir]]
+|| башҡорт теле
+|| <code>ba</code>
+|| <code>bak</code>
+|| HFST (lexc+twol)
+|| development
+|align="right"| {{:apertium-bak/stems}}
+|align="center"| [[apertium-bak#Current_State|~{{:apertium-bak/stats/average}}%]]
+|| [[apertium-bak]]&nbsp;([[languages]])
+|| [[User:Francis Tyers|Fran]], [[User:Firespeaker|Jonathan]], [[User:Ilnar.salimzyan|Ilnar]], Milli
+|-
+| <code>[[apertium-nog]]</code>
+|| [[Nogay]]
+|| Ногай тили
+|| <code>-</code>
+|| <code>nog</code>
+|| HFST (lexc+twol)
+|| development
+|align="right"|{{#lst:apertium-nog/stats|stems}}
+|align="center"|  [[apertium-nog#Current_State|~{{:apertium-nog/stats/average}}%]]
+|| [[apertium-nog]] ([[languages]])
+|| [[User:Francis Tyers|Fran]],  [[User:Firespeaker|Jonathan]]
+|-
+| <code>[[apertium-gag]]</code>
+|| [[Gagauz]]
+|| Gagauz dili
+|| <code>-</code>
+|| <code>gag</code>
+|| HFST (lexc+twol)
+|| prototype
+|align="right"| {{#lst:apertium-gag/stats|stems}}
+|align="center"| [[apertium-gag#Current_State|~{{:apertium-gag/stats/average}}%]]
+|| [[apertium-gag]]&nbsp;([[incubator]])
+|| [[User:Francis Tyers|Fran]] [[User:Purplemoon|Sevilay]]
+|-
+| <code>[[apertium-tuk]]</code>
+|| [[Turkmen]]
+|| Türkmençe
+|| <code>tk</code>
+|| <code>tuk</code>
+|| HFST (lexc+twol)
+|| development
+|align="right"| {{#lst:apertium-tuk/stats|stems}}
+|align="center"| [[apertium-tuk#Current_State|~{{:apertium-tuk/stats/average}}%]]
+|| [[apertium-tuk]]&nbsp;([[languages]])
+|| [[User:Francis Tyers|Fran]]
+|-
+| <code>[[apertium-uig]]</code>
+|| [[Uyghur]]
+|| {{#lst:apertium-uig/stats|nativename}}
+|| <code>ug</code>
+|| <code>uig</code>
+|| HFST (lexc+twol)
+|| {{#lst:apertium-uig/stats|state}}
+|align="right"| {{#lst:apertium-uig/stats|stems}}
+|align="center"| [[apertium-uig#Current_State|~{{:apertium-uig/stats/average}}%]]
+|| {{#lst:apertium-uig/stats|location}}
+|| {{#lst:apertium-uig/stats|authors}}
+|-
+| <code>[[apertium-alt]]</code>
+|| [[Altay]]
+|| Алтай тили
+|| -
+|| <code>alt</code>
+|| HFST (lexc+twol)
+|| prototype
+|align="right"| {{#lst:apertium-alt/stats|stems}}
+|align="center"| [[apertium-alt#Current_State|~{{:apertium-alt/stats/average}}%]]
+|| [[apertium-alt]] ([[incubator]])
+|| [[User:Firespeaker|Jonathan]], D Tokmashev
+|-
+| <code>[[apertium-kjh]]</code>
+|| [[Khakas]]
+|| Хакас тілі
+|| <code>-</code>
+|| <code>kjh</code>
+|| HFST (lexc+twol)
+|| prototype
+|align="right"| {{#lst:apertium-kjh/stats|stems}}
+|align="center"| [[apertium-kjh#Current_State|~{{:apertium-kjh/stats/average}}%]]
+|| [[apertium-kjh]]&nbsp;([[incubator]])
+|| [[User:Francis Tyers|Fran]]
+|-
+| <code>[[apertium-ota]]</code>
+|| [[Ottoman Turkish|Ottoman&nbsp;Turkish]]
+|| لسان عثمانى‎
+|| <code>-</code>
+|| <code>ota</code>
+|| HFST (lexc+twol)
+|| prototype
+|align="right"| {{#lst:apertium-ota/stats|stems}}
+|align="center"| [[apertium-ota#Current_State|~{{:apertium-ota/stats/average}}%]]
+|| [[apertium-ota]]&nbsp;([[incubator]])
+|| [[User:Francis Tyers|Fran]]
+|-
+| <code>[[apertium-aze]]</code>
+|| [[Azerbaijani]]
+|| Azərbaycan dili
+|| <code>az</code>
+|| <code>aze</code>
+|| HFST (lexc+twol)
+|| prototype
+|align="right"| {{#lst:apertium-aze/stats|stems}}
+||
+|| [[apertium-aze]] ([[incubator]])
+|| [[User:zfe|Gianluca]]
 |}
-=== Turkic-Turkic pairs ===
+=== Annotated corpora ===
-Text in ''italic'' denotes language pairs under development.
-{| style="text-align: center;" class="wikitable"
+{| class="wikitable sortable"
+|-
+!rowspan=2| name
+!rowspan=2| Language
+!rowspan=2| native name
+!colspan=2 class="unsortable"| ISO 639
+!rowspan=2|
+!colspan=2| disambiguated
+!colspan=2| dep-annotated
+!rowspan=2| avg. length
+!rowspan=2| location
+!rowspan=2 class="unsortable"| primary authors
+|-class="sortbottom"
+! -2
+! -3
+! sent
+!tokens
+! sent
+!tokens
+|-
+|| <code>[[apertium-kaz]]</code>
+|| [[Kazakh]]
+|| {{#lst:apertium-kaz/stats|nativename}}
+|| <code>kk</code>
+|| <code>kaz</code>
+||
+|align="right"| -
+|align="right"| -
+|align="right"|403
+|align="right"|5086
+||
+|| {{#lst:apertium-kaz/stats|location}}
+|| Jonathan, Fran
+|-
+|| <code>[[apertium-tyv]]</code>
+|| [[Tuvan]]
+|| {{#lst:apertium-tyv/stats|nativename}}
+|| <code>-</code>
+|| <code>tyv</code>
+||
+|align="right"| -
+|align="right"| -
+|align="right"|115
+|align="right"|639
+||
+|| {{#lst:apertium-tyv/stats|location}}
+|| Jonathan, Fran
+|-
+|| <code>[[apertium-crh]]</code>
+|| [[Crimean Tatar]]
+|| {{#lst:apertium-crh/stats|nativename}}
+|| <code>-</code>
+|| <code>crh</code>
+||
+|align="right"| -
+|align="right"| -
+|align="right"|150
+|align="right"|855
+|align="right"|5.7
+|| {{#lst:apertium-crh/stats|location}}
+|| Fran
+|-
+|| <code>[[apertium-krc]]</code>
+|| [[Karachay-Balkar]]
+|| {{#lst:apertium-krc/stats|nativename}}
+|| <code>-</code>
+|| <code>krc</code>
+||
+|align="right"| -
+|align="right"| -
+|align="right"|17
+|align="right"|116
+|align="right"|6.8
+|| {{#lst:apertium-krc/stats|location}}
+|| Fran
+|-
+|| <code>[[apertium-uig]]</code>
+|| [[Uyghur]]
+|| {{#lst:apertium-uig/stats|nativename}}
+|| <code>-</code>
+|| <code>uig</code>
+||
+|align="right"| 123
+|align="right"| 951
+|align="right"|27
+|align="right"|191
+|align="right"|7.1
+|| {{#lst:apertium-uig/stats|location}}
+|| Fran
+|-
+|}
+=== Turkic languages by subgroup ===
+* Oğuz: [[Turkish]], [[Azeri]], [[Turkmen]], [[Gagauz]], [[Trukhmen]], [[Afshar]], [[Qashqai]], [[Bojnur]], etc.
+* Qarluq: [[Uzbek]], [[Uyghur]]
+* Qıpçaq:
+** West: [[Kumyk]], [[Karachay-Balkar]], [[Crimean Tatar]], [[Karaim]]
+** North: [[Tatar]], [[Bashqort]]
+** South (trad. East): [[Kazakh]], [[Karakalpak]], [[Nogay]]
+** East: [[Kyrgyz]]
+* Altay: [[South Altay]] (, [[Kyrgyz]])
+* Yeniseian: [[Khakas]], [[Shor]], [[Chulym]], [[Baraba Tatar]], [[North Altay]]
+* Sayan: [[Tuvan]], [[Tofa]], [[Tozhu]], [[Dukha]], [[Soyot]]
+* Lena: [[Sakha]], [[Dolgan]]
+* Arğu: [[Halaj]]
+* Oğur: [[Chuvash]]
+=== Pairs ===
+Some Turkic languages that are particularly similar to one another (and hence have varying degrees of mutual intelligibility) include those in the following list:
+* [[Turkish]], Azerbaycani, (Turkmen)
+* [[Kazakh|Qazaq]], Qaraqalpaq, Noğay, ([[Kyrgyz|Qırğız]])
+* [[Kumyk]], Karachay-Balkar
+* [[Tatar]], [[Bashqort]]
+* [[Uzbek]], Uyğur
+* Shor, Khakas(, Altay)
+* Sakha, Dolgan
+* Tuvan, Tofa
+[[Chuvash|Chuvash]] is very distant from other Turkic languages and is not even partially mutually intelligible with any of them.
+==== Table of existing pairs ====
+{{see-also|Turkic-Turkic translator}}
+Text in ''italics'' denotes prototype language pairs in the incubator.  Regular text denotes a developing language pair in nursery, while text in '''bold''' denotes a stable well-working language pair in trunk, and text in '''''bold and italics''''' denotes a pair in staging. Bidix stems as counted with [[dixcounter]] are displayed below.
+<center>
+{| style="text-align: center;" class="wikitable dixtable"
 |- style="background: #ececec"
-!           !! tr            !!   az          !!   tk !! uz !!    ky         !! kk !! tt !! cv               !! ba !! ug
+! !! tur !! aze !! tuk !! uzb !! kir !! kaz !! tat !! bak !! chv !! nog !! kaa !! kum !! uig !! krc !! crh !! gag !! sah !! tyv !! kjh
 |-
+| '''tur''' || - || [[Apertium-tur-aze|tur-aze]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-tur-aze/stats|tur-aze_stems}} || [[Apertium-tuk-tur|tuk-tur]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-tuk-tur/stats|tuk-tur_stems}} || [[Apertium-tur-uzb|tur-uzb]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-tur-uzb/stats|tur-uzb_dix_stems}} || [[Apertium-tur-kir|tur-kir]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-tur-kir/stats|tur-kir_stems}} || ''[[Apertium-kaz-tur|kaz-tur]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-kaz-tur/stats|kaz-tur_stems}} || [[Apertium-tur-tat|tur-tat]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-tur-tat/stats|tur-tat_dix_stems}} ||  || ''[[Apertium-cv-tr|chv-tur]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-chv-tur/stats|chv-tur_dix_stems}} ||  ||  ||  || [[Apertium-uig-tur|uig-tur]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-uig-tur/stats|uig-tur_dix_stems}} ||  || '''[[Apertium-crh-tur|crh-tur]]'''<br>'''{{#lst:Apertium-crh-tur/stats|crh-tur_dix_stems}}''' ||  ||  ||  ||
-| '''tr'''  || —             || ''[[tr-az]]'' ||      ||    || ''[[tr-ky]]'' ||   ||    || ''[[tr-cv]]''    ||    ||
 |-
-| '''az'''  || ''[[az-tr]]'' || —             ||      ||    ||               ||    ||    ||                  ||    ||
+| '''aze''' || [[Apertium-tur-aze|tur-aze]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-tur-aze/stats|tur-aze_stems}} || - ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
 |-
-| '''tk'''  ||               ||               || —    ||    ||               ||    ||    ||                  ||    ||
+| '''tuk''' || [[Apertium-tuk-tur|tuk-tur]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-tuk-tur/stats|tuk-tur_stems}} ||  || - ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
 |-
+| '''uzb''' || [[Apertium-tur-uzb|tur-uzb]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-tur-uzb/stats|tur-uzb_dix_stems}} ||  ||  || - || ''[[Apertium-kir-uzb|kir-uzb]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-kir-uzb/stats|kir-uzb_dix_stems}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || ''[[Apertium-uzb-kaa|uzb-kaa]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-uzb-kaa/stats|uzb-kaa_dix_stems}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
-| '''uz'''  ||               ||               ||      || —  ||               ||    ||    ||                  ||    ||
 |-
+| '''kir''' || [[Apertium-tur-kir|tur-kir]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-tur-kir/stats|tur-kir_stems}} ||  ||  || ''[[Apertium-kir-uzb|kir-uzb]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-kir-uzb/stats|kir-uzb_dix_stems}} || - || [[Apertium-kaz-kir|kaz-kir]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-kaz-kir/stats|kaz-kir_dix_stems}} || ''[[Apertium-tat-kir|tat-kir]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-tat-kir/stats|tat-kir_dix_stems}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
-| '''ky'''  || ''[[ky-tr]]'' ||               ||      ||    ||  —            ||    || ''[[ky-kk]]''   ||                  ||    ||
 |-
+| '''kaz''' || ''[[Apertium-kaz-tur|kaz-tur]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-kaz-tur/stats|kaz-tur_stems}} ||  ||  ||  || [[Apertium-kaz-kir|kaz-kir]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-kaz-kir/stats|kaz-kir_dix_stems}} || - || '''[[Apertium-kaz-tat|kaz-tat]]'''<br>'''{{#lst:Apertium-kaz-tat/stats|kaz-tat_dix_stems}}''' ||  ||  || ''[[Apertium-nog-kaz|nog-kaz]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-nog-kaz/stats|nog-kaz_stems}} || ''[[Apertium-kaz-kaa|kaz-kaa]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-kaz-kaa/stats|kaz-kaa_stems}} || [[Apertium-kaz-kum|kaz-kum]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-kaz-kum/stats|kaz-kum_stems}} || ''[[Apertium-kaz-uig|kaz-uig]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-kaz-uig/stats|kaz-uig_stems}} ||  ||  ||  || ''[[Apertium-kaz-sah|kaz-sah]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-kaz-sah/stats|kaz-sah_dix_stems}} || ''[[Apertium-kaz-tyv|kaz-tyv]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-kaz-tyv/stats|kaz-tyv_stems}} ||
-| '''kk'''  ||               ||               ||     ||    ||               || —   || ''[[kk-tt]]''   ||                  ||    ||
 |-
+| '''tat''' || [[Apertium-tur-tat|tur-tat]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-tur-tat/stats|tur-tat_dix_stems}} ||  ||  ||  || ''[[Apertium-tat-kir|tat-kir]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-tat-kir/stats|tat-kir_dix_stems}} || '''[[Apertium-kaz-tat|kaz-tat]]'''<br>'''{{#lst:Apertium-kaz-tat/stats|kaz-tat_dix_stems}}''' || - || [[Apertium-tat-bak|tat-bak]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-tat-bak/stats|tat-bak_dix_stems}} || ''[[Apertium-chv-tat|chv-tat]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-chv-tat/stats|chv-tat_dix_stems}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
-| '''tt'''  ||               ||               ||     ||    ||               || ''[[tt-kk]]''    ||  —  ||                  ||    ||
 |-
-| '''cv'''  || ''[[cv-tr]]'' ||               ||     ||    ||               ||    ||    ||     —             ||    ||
+| '''bak''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || [[Apertium-tat-bak|tat-bak]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-tat-bak/stats|tat-bak_dix_stems}} || - ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
 |-
-| '''ba'''  ||               ||               ||     ||    ||               ||    ||    ||                  ||  —  ||
+| '''chv''' || ''[[Apertium-cv-tr|chv-tur]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-chv-tur/stats|chv-tur_dix_stems}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || ''[[Apertium-chv-tat|chv-tat]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-chv-tat/stats|chv-tat_dix_stems}} ||  || - ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
 |-
-| '''ug'''  ||               ||               ||     ||    ||               ||    ||    ||                  ||    ||  —
+| '''nog''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || ''[[Apertium-nog-kaz|nog-kaz]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-nog-kaz/stats|nog-kaz_stems}} ||  ||  ||  || - ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
+|-
+| '''kaa''' ||  ||  ||  || ''[[Apertium-uzb-kaa|uzb-kaa]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-uzb-kaa/stats|uzb-kaa_dix_stems}} ||  || ''[[Apertium-kaz-kaa|kaz-kaa]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-kaz-kaa/stats|kaz-kaa_stems}} ||  ||  ||  ||  || - ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
+|-
+| '''kum''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || [[Apertium-kaz-kum|kaz-kum]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-kaz-kum/stats|kaz-kum_stems}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || - ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
+|-
+| '''uig''' || [[Apertium-uig-tur|uig-tur]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-uig-tur/stats|uig-tur_dix_stems}} ||  ||  ||  ||  || ''[[Apertium-kaz-uig|kaz-uig]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-kaz-uig/stats|kaz-uig_stems}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || - ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
+|-
+| '''krc''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || - ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
+|-
+| '''crh''' || '''[[Apertium-crh-tur|crh-tur]]'''<br>'''{{#lst:Apertium-crh-tur/stats|crh-tur_dix_stems}}''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || - ||  ||  ||  ||
+|-
+| '''gag''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || - ||  ||  ||
+|-
+| '''sah''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || ''[[Apertium-kaz-sah|kaz-sah]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-kaz-sah/stats|kaz-sah_dix_stems}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || - ||  ||
+|-
+| '''tyv''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || ''[[Apertium-kaz-tyv|kaz-tyv]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-kaz-tyv/stats|kaz-tyv_stems}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || - ||
+|-
+| '''kjh''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || -
+|-
+|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
+|-
+| '''eng''' || ''[[Apertium-tr-en|tr-en]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-tr-en/stats|tr-en_stems}} ||  ||  ||  || ''[[Apertium-eng-kir|eng-kir]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-eng-kir/stats|eng-kir_dix_stems}} || '''[[Apertium-eng-kaz|eng-kaz]]'''<br>'''{{#lst:Apertium-eng-kaz/stats|eng-kaz_dix_stems}}''' || ''[[Apertium-tat-eng|tat-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-tat-eng/stats|tat-eng_dix_stems}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || ''[[Apertium-sah-eng|sah-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-sah-eng/stats|sah-eng_dix_stems}} ||  ||
+|-
+| '''epo''' || ''[[Apertium-eo-tr|eo-tr]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-eo-tr/stats|eo-tr_stems}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
+|-
+| '''fin''' || ''[[Apertium-tur-fin|tur-fin]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-tur-fin/stats|tur-fin_stems}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
+|-
+| '''khk''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || ''[[Apertium-khk-kaz|khk-kaz]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-khk-kaz/stats|khk-kaz_stems}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
+|-
+| '''rus''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || '''[[Apertium-kaz-rus|kaz-rus]]'''<br>'''{{#lst:Apertium-kaz-rus/stats|kaz-rus_dix_stems}}''' || [[Apertium-tat-rus|tat-rus]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-tat-rus/stats|tat-rus_dix_stems}} ||  || ''[[Apertium-cv-ru|cv-ru]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-cv-ru/stats|cv-ru_stems}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
+|}
+</center>
+=== Roadmap ===
+* <s>Stable release of apertium-kaz</s>
+* <s>Stable release of apertium-tat</s>
+* <s>'''Stable release of apertium-kaz-tat'''</s>
+* '''Rework apertium-kir to match new standards'''
+* Bring apertium-bak up to date (based on apertium-tat)
+* Expand apertium-tat-bak
+* Beta release of apertium-kaz-kir
+* Beta release of apertium-tur-kir
+* Expand apertium-tuk
+* Expand apertium-chv
+* Basic transducers for:
+** <s>Qaraqalpaq (based on <s>Tatar</s> Kazakh, probably, no?)</s>
+** <s>Uzbek</s>
+** <s>Uyghur</s>
+** <s>[[Nogay]]</s>
+** <s>[[Kumyk]]</s>
+** Khakas
+** <s>[[Tuvan]]</s>
+** <s>[[Sakha]]</s>
+** Shor
+** <s>[[Crimean Tatar]]</s>
+==Getting involved==
+We have a [[Turkic-Turkic_translator|work plan for developing Turkic-Turkic translators]] and are working on a [[Turkic_lexicon|how-to for building a Turkic lexicon]].  Please come talk to us on [[IRC]] or contact us on the [[apertium-turkic]] mailing list.
+==Samples==
+Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
+''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''
+{|class=wikitable
+! Language !! Text
+|-
+|| Kazakh || Барлық адамдар тумысынан азат және қадір‐қасиеті мен кұқықтары тең болып дүниеге келеді. Адамдарға ақыл‐парасат, ар‐ождан берілген, сондықтан олар бір‐бірімен туыстық, бауырмалдық қарым‐қатынас жасаулары тиіс.
+|-
+|| Tatar || Барлык кешеләр дә азат һәм үз абруйлары һәм хокуклары ягыннан тиң булып туалар. Аларга акыл һәм вөҗдан бирелгән һәм бер-берсенә карата туганнарча мөнәсәбәттә булырга тиешләр.
+|-
+|| Kyrgyz || Бардык адамдар өз беделинде жана укуктарында эркин жана тең укуктуу болуп жаралат. Алардын аң‐сезими менен абийири бар жана бири‐бирине бир туугандык мамилекылууга тийиш.
+|-
+|| Turkish || Bütün insanlar hür, haysiyet ve haklar bakımından eşit doğarlar. Akıl ve vicdana sahiptirler ve birbirlerine karşı kardeşlik zihniyeti ile hareket etmelidirler.
+|-
+|| Azerbaijani || Bütün insanlar ləyaqət və hüquqlarına görə azad və bərabər doğulurlar. Onların şüurları və vicdanları var və bir-birlərinə münasibətdə qardaşlıq ruhunda davranmalıdırlar.
+|-
+|| Gagauz || İnsannar hepsi duuêrlar serbest hem birtakım kendi kıymetindä hem haklarında. Onnara verilmiş akıl hem üz da läazım biri-birinä davransınnar kardaşlık ruhuna uygun.
+|-
+|| Turkmen || Adamlaryň hemmesi azat dogulýarlar we öz mertebesi hem-de hukuklary boýunça ilkibaşdan deňdirler. Olara ozal-başdan aň, ynsap berlendir we biri-birine özara doganlyk ruhunda çemeleşmek olaryň ýaraşygydyr.
+|-
+|| Uzbek (Latin script) || Barcha odamlar erkin, qadr-qimmat ba huquqlarda tang bo'lib tug'iladilar. Ular aql va vijdon sohibidilar va bir-birla iga birodarlarcha muomala qilishlari zarur.
+|-
+|| Uyghur || ھەممە ئادەم زاتىدىنلا ئەركىن، ئىززەت-ھۆرمەت ۋە ھوقۇقتا بابباراۋەر بولۇپ تۇغۇلغان. ئۇلار ئەقىلغە ۋە ۋىجدانغا ئىگە ھەمدە بىر-بىرىگە قېرىنداشلىق مۇناسىۋىتىگە خاس روھ بىلەن مۇئامىلە قىلىشى كېرەك.
+|-
+|| Tyva || Бүгү кижилер хостуг база мөзүзү болгаш эргелери дең кылдыр төрүттүнер. Оларга угаансарыыл болгаш арын-нүүр бердинген болур болгаш олар бот-боттарынга  акы-дуңмалышкы хамаарылганы  көргүзер ужурлуг.
+|-
+|| Karachay-Balkar || Бютеу адамла эркин болуб эмда сыйлары бла хакълары тенг болуб тууадыла. Алагъа акъыл бла намыс берилгенди эмда бир-бирлерине къарнашлыкъ халда къараргъа керекдиле.
+|-
+|| Altai || Ончо улус ак-јарыкка јайым ла теҥ-тай тап-эриктӱ туулат. Олор санааукаалу ла чек кӱӱн-тапту болуп бӱткен ле бой-бойын карындаш кирези кӧрӧр лӧ јӱрер учурлу.
+|-
+|| Khakas || Полған на кізі пос паза тиң тіріпче паза тиң постың синін пілінгенін паза тірелерініңде полча. Олардың сағынғаны паза арығ сағыс пар паза харындастар чіли тудынарға киректер.
+|-
+|| Shor || Парчын кижи, по чарыққа туғчадып, тең, пош туғча. Кижилер сағыштығ, ақтығ туғчалар, кижилерге пашқа кижилербе арғыштаныштарға керек.
+|-
+|| Sakha || Дьон барыта бэйэ суолтатыгар уонна быраабыгар тэҥ буолан төрүүллэр. Кинилэр бары өркөн өйдөөх, суобастаах буолан төрүүллэр, уонна бэйэ бэйэлэригэр тылга кииринигэс быһыылара доҕордоһуу тыыннаах буолуохтаах.
+|-
+| Crimean&nbsp;Tatar || Bütün insanlar ür, sayğı ve uquqlar itibarı ile musaviy doğalar. Aqıl ve vicdanğa saipler ve bir-birlerine qarşı ağa-qardaşlıq fikirnen areket etmelidirler.
+|-
 |}
+==Vulnerability==
-=== Pairs with non-Turkic languages ===
+This table summarizes the vulnerability of various Turkic languages. Vulnerability data is derived from the ‘Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, © UNESCO, [http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas]’ and [http://www.ethnologue.com/ Ethnologue].
-{| style="text-align: center;" class="wikitable"
-|- style="background: #ececec"
+{| class="wikitable sortable"
-!
+!rowspan=2| Language
-! tr
+!rowspan=2| ISO639-3
-! az
+!rowspan=2| Location
-! tk
+!rowspan=2| Speakers
-! uz
+!colspan=2|Status
-! ky
+|-class="sortbottom"
-! kk
+! Ethnologue
-! tt
-! cv
+! UNESCO
-! ba
-! ug
 |-
+|| Chagatai
-! en
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/chg chg]</code>
-| ''[[tr-en]]''
+|| Turkmenistan
-|
+|align="right"| 0
-|
+|| 10 (Extinct)
-|
+|| -
-| ''[[ky-en]]''
-|
-|
-|
-|
-|
 |-
+|| Salchuq
-! fr
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/slq slq]</code>
-|
+|| Iran
-|
+|align="right"| 0
-|
+|| 10 (Extinct)
-|
-|
+|| -
-|
-|
-|
-|
-|
 |-
+|| Chulym
-! es
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/clw clw]</code>
-|
+|| Russian Federation
-|
+|align="right"| 44
-|
+|| 8b (Nearly extinct)
-|
+|| 4 (Critically endangered)
-|
-|
-|
-|
-|
-|
 |-
+|| Karaim
-! it
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/kdr kdr]</code>
-|
+|| Lithuania & Ukraine
-|
+|align="right"| 56
-|
+|| 8b (Nearly extinct)
-|
+|| 5 (Extinct)
-|
-|
-|
-|
-|
-|
 |-
+|| Tofa (Karagas)
-! ru
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/kim kim]</code>
-|
+|| Russian Federation
-|
+|align="right"| 90
-|
+|| 8b (Nearly extinct)
-|
+|| 4 (Critically endangered)
-|
-|
-|
-| ''[[cv-ru]]''
-|
-|
 |-
+|| Krimchak
-! mn
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/jct jct]</code>
-|
+|| Ukraine
-|
+|align="right"| 200
-|
+|| 8b (Nearly extinct)
-|
-|
+|| -
+|-
-| ''[[mn-kk]]''
+|| Ili Turki
-|
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/ili ili]</code>
-|
+|| China
-|
+|align="right"| 120
-|
+|| 8a (Moribund)
+|| 3 (Severely endangered)
+|-
+|| Yugur (Western/Saryg)
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/ybe ybe]</code>
+|| China
+|align="right"| 4,600
+|| 8a (Moribund)
+|| 3 (Severely endangered)
+|-
+|| Balkan Gagauz Turkish
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/bgx bgx]</code>
+|| Turkey
+|align="right"| 331,000
+|| 7 (Shifting)
+|| -
+|-
+|| Dolgan
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/dlg dlg]</code>
+|| Russian Federation
+|align="right"| 1,050
+|| 6b (Threatened)
+|| 2 (Definitely endangered)
+|-
+|| Shor
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/cjs cjs]</code>
+|| Russian Federation
+|align="right"| 2,840
+|| 6b (Threatened)
+|| 3 (Severely endangered)
+|-
+|| Ainu
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/aib aib]</code>
+|| China
+|align="right"| 6,570
+|| 6b (Threatened)
+|| -
+|-
+|| Altay, Northern
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/atv atv]</code>
+|| Russian Federation
+|align="right"| 57,400
+|| 6b (Threatened)
+|| 3 (Severely endangered)
+|-
+|| Salar
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/slr slr]</code>
+|| China
+|align="right"| 70,000
+|| 6b (Threatened)
+|| 1 (Vulnerable)
+|-
+|| Urum
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/uum uum]</code>
+|| Georgia, Russian Federation, Ukraine
+|align="right"| 192,700
+|| 6b (Threatened)
+|| 2 (Definitely endangered)
+|-
+|| Khalaj
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/klj klj]</code>
+|| Iran
+|align="right"| 42,100
+|| 6a (Vigorous)
+|| 1 (Vulnerable)
+|-
+|| Khorasani
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/kmz kmz]</code>
+|| Iran
+|align="right"| 400,000
+|| 6a (Vigorous)
+|| 1 (Vulnerable)
+|-
+|| Kashkay
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/qxq qxq]</code>
+|| Iran
+|align="right"| 1,500,000
+|| 6a (Vigorous)
+|| -
+|-
+|| Khakas
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/kjh kjh]</code>
+|| Russian Federation
+|align="right"| 42,610
+|| 5 (Developing)
+|| 5 (Extinct)
+|-
+|| Nogay
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/nog nog]</code>
+|| Russian Federation
+|align="right"| 87,410
+|| 5 (Developing)
+|| 2 (Definitely endangered)
+|-
+|| Gagauz
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/gag gag]</code>
+|| Moldova
+|align="right"| 173,920
+|| 5 (Developing)
+|| -
+|-
+|| Karakalpak
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/kaa kaa]</code>
+|| Uzbekistan
+|align="right"| 410,410
+|| 5 (Developing)
+|| -
+|-
+|| Kumyk
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/kum kum]</code>
+|| Russian Federation
+|align="right"| 426,550
+|| 5 (Developing)
+|| 1 (Vulnerable)
+|-
+|| Tuva
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/tyv tyv]</code>
+|| China, Mongolia, Russian Federation
+|align="right"| 283,400
+|| 4 (Educational)
+|| 1 (Vulnerable)
+|-
+|| Karachay-Balkar
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/krc krc]</code>
+|| Russian Federation
+|align="right"| 310,730
+|| 4 (Educational)
+|| 1 (Vulnerable)
+|-
+|| Crimean Tatar
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/crh crh]</code>
+|| Ukraine
+|align="right"| 475,540
+|| 4 (Educational)
+|| -
+|-
+|| Chuvash
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/chv chv]</code>
+|| Russian Federation
+|align="right"| 1,077,420
+|| 4 (Educational)
+|| 1 (Vulnerable)
+|-
+|| Bashkort
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/bak bak]</code>
+|| Russian Federation
+|align="right"| 1,221,340
+|| 4 (Educational)
+|| 1 (Vulnerable)
+|-
+|| Uzbek, Southern
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/uzs uzs]</code>
+|| Afghanistan
+|align="right"| 2,961,980
+|| 3 (Wider communication)
+|| -
+|-
+|| Azerbaijani, Southern
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/azb azb]</code>
+|| Iran
+|align="right"| 16,913,280
+|| 3 (Wider communication)
+|| -
+|-
+|| Altay, Southern
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/alt alt]</code>
+|| Russian Federation
+|align="right"| 57,400
+|| 2 (Provincial)
+|| 2 (Definitely endangered)
+|-
+|| Yakut
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/sah sah]</code>
+|| Russian Federation
+|align="right"| 450,000
+|| 2 (Provincial)
+|| 1 (Vulnerable)
+|-
+|| Tatar
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/tat tat]</code>
+|| Russian Federation
+|align="right"| 5,407,550
+|| 2 (Provincial)
+|| 2 (Definitely endangered)
+|-
+|| Uyghur
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/uig uig]</code>
+|| China
+|align="right"| 8,791,610
+|| 2 (Provincial)
+|| -
+|-
+|| Kyrgyz
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/kir kir]</code>
+|| Kyrgyzstan
+|align="right"| 2,941,930
+|| 1 (National)
+|| -
+|-
+|| Azerbaijani, Northern
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/azj azj]</code>
+|| Azerbaijan
+|align="right"| 7,324,270
+|| 1 (National)
+|| -
+|-
+|| Turkmen
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/tuk tuk]</code>
+|| Turkmenistan
+|align="right"| 7,560,560
+|| 1 (National)
+|| -
+|-
+|| Kazakh
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/kaz kaz]</code>
+|| Kazakhstan
+|align="right"| 8,077,770
+|| 1 (National)
+|| -
+|-
+|| Uzbek, Northern
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/uzn uzn]</code>
+|| Uzbekistan
+|align="right"| 18,968,250
+|| 1 (National)
+|| -
+|-
+|| Turkish
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/tur tur]</code>
+|| Turkey
+|align="right"| 50,733,420
+|| 1 (National)
+|| -
 |}
+==Official poem==
+* (tur) Kovayla bira içerim, ama sen bilmezsin. Yarın gelir misin?
+* (aze) Vedrəyle pivə içirəm, ama sen bilməzsən. Yarın gələrmisən?
+* (tat) Чиләк белән сыра эчәм, әмма син белмисең. Иртәгә киләсеңме?
+* (kaz) Шелекпен сыра ішемін, бірақ сен білмейсің. Ертең келесің бе?
+* (kir) Чака менен сыра ичем, бирок сен билбейсиң. Эртең келесиңби?
+<!--* (kum) Челек булан пиво ичемен, амма сен билмейсен. Тангала гелемисен? -->
+* (uzb) Chelak bilan pivo ichaman lekin sen bilmaysan.  Ertaga kelasanmi?
+* (kaa) Shelek penen pivo ishemen, biraq sen bilmeysen'. Erten' kelesen'be?
+* (tlt) Кӧнӧкмынаң сыра ичип јадым, сен-оқ аның керегинде пилбей јазың.  Таңда келерзиң бе?
+==Footnotes==
+<references/>
+==See also==
+* [[Spellchecking for Turkic languages]]
+==Bibliography==
+* Sundetova, A., Tyers, F. M. and Forcada, M. L. (2015) "A free/open-source machine translation system for English to Kazakh". Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Turkic Languages (TurkLang 2015).
+* Tyers, F. M. and Washington, J. (2015) "Towards a free/open-source universal-dependency treebank for Kazakh". Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Turkic Languages (TurkLang 2015).
+* Washington, J. N., Salimzyanov, I., and Tyers, F. M. (2014) "Finite-state morphological transducers for three Kypchak languages". ''Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC2014 ''
+* Salimzyanov, I., Washington, J. N., and Tyers, F. M. (2013) "A free/open-source Kazakh-Tatar machine translation system". ''Proceedings of MT Summit XIV ''
+* Washington, J. N., Ipasov, M. and Tyers, F. M. (2012) "A finite-state morphological analyser for Kyrgyz". ''Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC2012 ''
+* Tyers, F. M., Washington, J. N., Salimzyanov, I., and Batalov, R. (2012) "A prototype machine translation system for Tatar and Bashkir based on free/open-source components". ''Proceedings of the Turkic Languages Workshop'' at the ''Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, LREC2012 ''
 [[Category:Turkic languages|*]]