User:Firespeaker/Turkic aorist

"aorist"

Definitions

• Gnomic is about general truths, devoid of time references.
  • e.g. "Teachers write lessons." / ... / "I like rain." / "Salespeople buy lots of cars."
• Habitual is about events that occur regularly.
  • e.g. "The teacher writes an exercise every day." / "It rains in the spring." / "I like rain when it's warm." (maybe gnomic?) / "I buy a new car every two years."
• Episodic is about single events that occur in episodes across some span of time (in this case with undefined beginnings and ends).
  • e.g. "The teacher is writing a book." / ... / "I'm liking this rainy weather." / "I'm [in the drawn-out process of] buying a car.
• Progressive/continuous is about an event that is in the process of occurring at the referenced time.
  • e.g. "The teacher is writing an exercise for the students." / "It's raining outside right now." / ... / "I'm buying a car right now [I'll call you back]."
• Future is anything that happens in the future. In the situations below it mostly includes a gnomic, habitual, or perfective aspect too.
  • e.g. "The teacher will write lessons"/"an exercise every day"/"a book". / "It's going to rain tomorrow." / "I'll like this movie when I see it." / "I'm going to buy a car soon."

Table

aspect	Kyrgz	Kazakh	Tatar	Turkish	Turkmen	Sakha	(Khalkha)
gnomic	жазат	жазады	яза	yazıyor, yazar	ýazýar, ýazar	суруйар	бичдэг, бичнэ
habitual	жазат	жазады	яза	yazıyor, yazar	ýazýar, ýazar	суруйар	бичдэг
episodic	жазып жүрөт	жазып жүр	яза	yazıyor		суруйар	бичиж байна, бичдэг байна (?)
progressive/continuous	жазып жатат	жазып жатыр	яза	yazıyor	ýazıp ýatyr	суруйар	бичиж байна
future	жазат	жазады	язачак, язар	yazacak, (yazar?)	ýazar, ýazjak	суруйоҕа	бичнэ

Notes and references

This paper has a good literature review and discussion of the Turkish forms.