Difference between revisions of "Iranian Persian and Tajik/Verb moods and aspects"
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===Conjugations=== |
===Conjugations=== |
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Example verb conjugations for [[grammatical person|third-person]] [[grammatical number|singular]] form of ''khordæn'' "to eat". |
Example verb conjugations for [[grammatical person|third-person]] [[grammatical number|singular]] form of ''khordæn'' "to eat". |
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===Synthetic=== |
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===Analytic=== |
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|dāsht mikhord |
|dāsht mikhord |
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| style="text-align:right;"|داشت می‌خورد |
| style="text-align:right;"|داشت می‌خورد |
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|Subjunctive |
|Subjunctive |
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|Preterite |
|Preterite |
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Revision as of 10:58, 16 September 2008
This article is about verbs and their moods and aspects in Persian.
Contents
Tenses
Each verb has two roots(Present and Past)
Present
Verb stem in Present tense can be counted impretive in singular form like:(rov, gu, ...)
Present verb is made like the following:
- stem + conjucation(am,i,-,im,id,and)
- mi+stem+conjucation
- Subjunctive present:This form of verb is in the form that makes the verb dubious or conditional:(This aspect is called "eltezami" in Persian meaning "getting required")
- beravam ya naravam(expresses a doubt: "Don't know wether to go")
- khahi nashavi(conditional: "if you don't want to become")
- in Apertium: '
- This mood usually gets "be" or "na" behind itself
- indicative present:The second form has another aspect. it is indicative(in Persian "ekhbari" and meaning "giving news)
- s tag in dictionaries Apertium: ind
Past
Past tense can have 5 common and formal moods and for more ones see wikipedia
- Present indicative: stem + conjucation (in Persian: Saadeh) - in Apertium::-
- This is the present form of the second kind of present
- Imperfective preterite indicative: mi+stem+conjucation (in Persian: Estemrari) - in Apertium::-
- e.g. : miraft : it was going
- perfect Indicative: stem+'eh'+astan(after conjucating) (in Persian: Naqli : en:quoting) - in Apertium::-
- This is usuallly used when you quote sth from sb or you want to explain sth has been done. It is usually translated to present perfect or simple past in English.
- Pluperfect Indicative: stem+'eh'+bud+conjucation (in Persian: ba'id meaning so far) - in Apertium::-
- This describes things have been done farther in past tense. it is farther than the last item in the tense. in English it is usually past perfect. It can be the past form for the first preset tense i've described above in Persian esp. in conditional sentences.
- Preterite Subjunctive(fa:Eltezami): stem+'eh'+bash+conjucation - in Apertium::-
- used when you want to describe a probable or dubious or conditional situaion
- eg. rafteh bashad ya nabashad (either has has gone or he hasn't)
- eg. agar rafteh bashad ( if he has gone)
- eg. ager rafteh bashi ( if you have already gone)
- used when you want to describe a probable or dubious or conditional situaion
Conjucation of all Persian verbs by grammatical voice
Conjugations
Example verb conjugations for third-person singular form of khordæn "to eat".
Synthetic
| Active Voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mood | Tense | Romanization | Perso-Arabic | current code and consideration in Apertium |
| Indicative | Present | mikhoræd | می‌خورد | vblex.pri
|
| Indicative | Preterite | khord | خورد | vblex.past
|
| Indicative | Imperfective preterite | mikhord | می‌خورد | vblex.pii
|
| Indicative | Perfect | khordeæst | خورده‌است | |
| Indicative | Imperfective perfect | mikhordeæst | می‌خورده‌است | |
| Subjunctive | Present | bekhoræd | بخورد | vblex.prs
|
Analytic
| Active Voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mood | Tense | Romanization | Perso-Arabic | current code and consideration in Apertium |
| Indicative | Pluperfect | khorde bud | خورده بود | vblex.plu
|
| Indicative | Imperfective pluperfect | mikhorde bud | می‌خورده بود | |
| Indicative | Future | khāhæd khord | خواهد خورد | vblex.fti
|
| Indicative | Present progressive | dāræd mikhoræd | دارد می‌خورد | |
| Indicative | Preterite progressive | dāsht mikhord | داشت می‌خورد | |
| Subjunctive | Preterite | khorde bāshæd | خورده باشد | |
| Subjunctive | Imperfective preterite | mikhorde bāshæd | می‌خورده باشد | vblex.pis
|
| Subjunctive | Pluperfect | khorde bude bāshæd | خورده بوده باشد | |
| Subjunctive | Imperfective pluperfect | mikhorde bude bāshæd | می‌خورده بوده باشد | |
| Passive Voice | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mood | Tense | Romanization | Perso-Arabic |
| Indicative | Present | khorde mishævæd | خورده می‌شود |
| Indicative | Preterite | khorde shod | خورده شد |
| Indicative | Imperfective preterite | khorde mishod | خورده می‌شد |
| Indicative | Perfect | khorde shodeast | خورده شده‌است |
| Indicative | Imperfective perfect | khorde mishodeast | خورده می‌شده‌است |
| Indicative | Pluperfect | khorde shode bud | خورده شده بود |
| Indicative | Imperfective pluperfect | khorde mishode bud | خورده می‌شده بود |
| Indicative | Future | khorde khāhæd shod | خورده خواهد شد |
| Indicative | Present progressive | daræd khorde mishævæd | دارد خورده می‌شود |
| Indicative | Preterite progressive | dasht khorde mishod | داشت خورده می‌شد |
| Subjunctive | Present | khorde shævæd | خورده شود |
| Subjunctive | Preterite | khorde shode bāshæd | خورده شده باشد |
| Subjunctive | Imperfective preterite | khorde mishode bāshæd | خورده می‌شده باشد |
| Subjunctive | Pluperfect | khorde shode bude bāshæd | خورده شده بوده باشد |
| Subjunctive | Imperfective pluperfect | khorde mishode bude bāshæd | خورده می‌شده بوده باشد |
