Difference between revisions of "Kazakh/Case"
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These all follow bare nouns (and can follow possessed forms too?), but they differ from one another in a number of ways. |
These all follow bare nouns (and can follow possessed forms too?), but they differ from one another in a number of ways. |
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Note that "yes" for "substantive?" generally means "can be followed by another 'case' suffix" (sometimes even recursively)! |
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{|class="wikitable" |
{|class="wikitable" |
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! substantive? |
! substantive? |
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! postpositional obj? |
! postpositional obj? |
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! irregular with pronouns? |
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! irregular with possession? |
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! C phonology |
! C phonology |
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! V phonology |
! V phonology |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| ⚫ | |||
| (no) |
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| (no) |
| (no) |
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| (no) |
| (no) |
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| no |
| no |
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| no |
| no |
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| yes |
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| yes |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| no |
| no |
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| yes |
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| yes |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| no |
| no |
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| ~yes |
| ~yes |
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| yes |
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| yes |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| no |
| no |
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| no? |
| no? |
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| no |
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| yes |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| yes |
| yes |
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! -DAн |
! -DAн |
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! ablative |
! ablative |
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| |
| yes |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| no |
| no |
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| no |
| no |
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| yes |
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| yes |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| yes |
| yes |
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! -Мен |
! -Мен |
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! instrumental/etc. |
! instrumental/etc. |
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| yes |
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| sometimes |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| no? |
| no? |
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| no |
| no |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| yes |
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| no |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| no |
| no |
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| (with case) |
| (with case) |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| (with case) |
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| ⚫ | |||
| yes |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| no |
| no |
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| |
| no |
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|- |
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! -DAGI |
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! attributive locative |
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| (with case) |
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| (with case) |
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| yes |
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| yes |
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| (with case) |
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| no |
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| yes |
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| yes |
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| yes |
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|- |
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! -DAй |
! -DAй |
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! similative |
! similative |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| no? |
| no? |
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| no |
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| yes |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| yes |
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| no? |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| no? |
| no? |
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| no? |
| no? |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| no? |
| no? |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| yes |
| yes |
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| no |
| no |
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| no |
| no |
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| ? |
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| no |
| no |
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| no |
| no |
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| Line 153: | Line 194: | ||
! substantive? |
! substantive? |
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! postpositional obj? |
! postpositional obj? |
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! irregular with pronouns? |
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! irregular with possession? |
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! C phonology |
! C phonology |
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! V phonology |
! V phonology |
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|} |
|} |
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[[Category:Kazakh]] |
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Latest revision as of 20:00, 24 March 2020
What's a case? What's not a case?
These all follow bare nouns (and can follow possessed forms too?), but they differ from one another in a number of ways.
Note that "yes" for "substantive?" generally means "can be followed by another 'case' suffix" (sometimes even recursively)!
| form | name | verbal argument? | verbal adjunct? | attributive? | substantive? | postpositional obj? | irregular with pronouns? | irregular with possession? | C phonology | V phonology |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | nominative/absolutive | yes | ~no | ~yes | yes | yes | (no) | (no) | (no) | (no) |
| -NI | accusative | yes | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| -GA | dative | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| -NIң | genitive | no | no | yes | no | ~yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| -DA | locative | no | yes | no | no | no? | no | yes | yes | yes |
| -DAн | ablative | yes | yes | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| -Мен | instrumental/etc. | yes | yes | no? | no | yes | yes | no | yes | no |
| -Nікі | substantive genitive | (with case) | (with case) | (with case) | yes | (with case) | yes | yes | no | no |
| -DAGI | attributive locative | (with case) | (with case) | yes | yes | (with case) | no | yes | yes | yes |
| -DAй | similative | (with case) | yes | yes | yes | no? | no | yes | yes | yes |
| -сIз | abessive | (with case) | yes | yes | yes | no? | yes | no? | (no) | yes |
| -LI | ? | no? | yes | yes | ||||||
| -LIK | ? | no? | yes | yes | ||||||
| сайын | "every" | no | yes | no | no | no | ? | no | no | no |
| form | name | verbal argument? | verbal adjunct? | attributive? | substantive? | postpositional obj? | irregular with pronouns? | irregular with possession? | C phonology | V phonology |