Publications

This is a non-comprehensive list of publications involving Apertium, ordered by date. Please feel free to add your paper about Apertium.

You can also look for Apertium inside The MT-Archive.info systems page, which is updated independently by John Hutchins.

Presentations

Have moved to the Presentations page.

2015

• Francis Tyers, Tommi Pirinen, Jonathan Washington. "Finite-state morphologies and text corpora as resources for improving morphological descriptions". Workshop on Computational Phonology and Morphology. Poster presentation.

• Abduali Balzhan, Akhmadieva Zhadyra, Zholdybekova Saule, Tukeyev Ualsher, Rakhimova Diana. Study of the problem of creating structural transfer rules and lexical selection for the Kazakh-Russian machine translation system on Apertium platform In Proceedings of Turklang 2015, Kazan, September 17–19, 2015.

• Aida Sundetova, Mikel Forcada, Francis Tyers. A free/open-source machine translation system for English to Kazakh In Proceedings of Turklang 2015, Kazan, September 17–19, 2015.

• Abduali Balzhan, Akhmadieva Zhadyra, Zholdybekova Saule, Tukeyev Ualsher, Rakhimova Diana. Study of the problem of creating structural transfer rules and lexical selection for the Kazakh-Russian machine translation system on Apertium platform In Proceedings of Turklang 2015, Kazan, September 17–19, 2015.

• Dina Amirova. [http://xixona.dlsi.ua.es/~mlf/apertium-turklang-2015-papers/turklang2015-amirova.pdf Choosing the model for solving the problem of lexical

selection for English-Kazakh language pair in the free/open-source platform Apertium] In Proceedings of Turklang 2015, Kazan, September 17–19, 2015.

• Aidana Karibayeva. [http://xixona.dlsi.ua.es/~mlf/apertium-turklang-2015-papers/turklang2015-karibayeva.pdf Lexical selection rules for Kazakh-to-English machine

translation in the free/open-source platform Apertium] In Proceedings of Turklang 2015, Kazan, September 17–19, 2015.

2014

• Grégoire Détrez, Víctor M.Sánchez-Cartagena, & Aarne Ranta: Sharing resources between free/open-source rule-based machine translation systems: Grammatical Framework and Apertium. LREC 2014: Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, May 26-31, 2014 Harpa Concert Hall and Conference Center, Reykjavik, Iceland; ed. Nicoletta Calzolari et al.; pp.4394-4400. [PDF, 146KB]

• Washington, Jonathan N., Ilnar Salimzyanov, and Francis M. Tyers. (2014) "Designing finite-state morphological transducers for Kypchak languages". Proceedings of MorphologyFest: Symposium on Morphological Complexity

• Nemeskey, D. M., Tyers, F. M. and Hulden, M. (2014) "Why Implementation Matters: Evaluation of an Open-source Constraint Grammar Parser". Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING 2014) (to appear)

• Peradin, H., Petkovski, F. and Tyers, F. M. (2014) "Shallow-transfer rule-based machine translation for the Western group of South Slavic". Proceedings of the 9th Workshop on Speech and Language Technology for Minority Languages (SALTMIL2014) organised with LREC2014

• Washington, J. N., Salimzyanov, I., and Tyers, F. M. (2014) "Finite-state morphological transducers for three Kypchak languages". Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC2014

• Marting, M. and Unhammer, K. B., "FST Trimming: Ending Dictionary Redundancy in Apertium", Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC2014

• Minocha, A., & Tyers, F. M. (2014). Subsegmental language detection in Celtic language text. CLTW 2014, 76. Proceedings of the 1st Celtic Language Technology Workshop, COLING 2014.

• Ortega, J.E., Felipe Sánchez-Martinez, Mikel L.Forcada (2014). Using any machine translation source for fuzzy-match repair in a computer-aided translation setting. Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas (AMTA 2014). Vancouver, BC. 42-53

• Esplà-Gomis, M, Sánchez-Cartegna, V.M., Sánchez-Martínez, F. Carrasco, R.C., Forcada, M.L, Pérez-Ortiz, J.A. (2014). An efficient method to assist non-expert users in extending dictionaries by assigning stems and inflectional paradigms to unknknown words (pp.19-26.). EAMT 2014 – 17th Annual conference of the European Association for Machine translation. Dubrovnik, Croatia

2013

• Salimzyanov, Ilnar, Jonathan Washington, and Francis Tyers (2013). A free/open-source Kazakh-Tatar machine translation system. MT Summit XIV.
• Jim O'Regan and Mikel L. Forcada (2013) "Peeking through the language barrier: the development of a free/open-source gisting system for Basque to English based on apertium.org". Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural 51, 15-22.

2012

• Antoni Oliver González (2012): "WN-Toolkit: un toolkit per a la creació de WordNets a partir de diccionaris bilingües". Linguamática V4N2. (WN-Toolkit includes a tool for reading Apertium dictionaries).
• Hernani Marques (2012): "Integration von Finite-State Transducer-Technologien in Apertium zur Maschinellen Übersetzung morphologisch komplexer Sprachen". Seminararbeit bei Anne Göhring, Magdalena Jitca und Prof. Dr. Michael Hess. Institut für Computerlinguistik der Universität Zürich.
• Hrvoje Peradin and Francis Tyers (2012): "A rule-based machine translation system from Serbo-Croatian to Macedonian". Third International Workshop on Free/Open-Source Rule-Based Machine Translation (FreeRBMT 2012).
• Juan Pablo Martínez Cortés, Jim O'Regan, and Francis Tyers (2012): "Free/Open Source Shallow-Transfer Based Machine Translation for Spanish and Aragonese". LREC 2012.
• Trond Trosterud and Kevin Brubeck Unhammer (2012): "Evaluating North Sámi to Norwegian assimilation RBMT". Third International Workshop on Free/Open-Source Rule-Based Machine Translation (FreeRBMT 2012).
• Tyers, Francis, Ilnar Salimzyanov, and Jonathan Washington (2012): "A proto-type Bashkir-Tatar machine translation system". LREC 2012.
• V. M. Sánchez-Cartagena, M. Esplà-Gomis, F. Sánchez-Martínez, J. A. Pérez-Ortiz (2012): "Choosing the correct paradigm for unknown words in rule-based machine translation systems. Third International Workshop on Free/Open-Source Rule-Based Machine Translation (FreeRBMT 2012).
• V. M. Sánchez-Cartagena, F. Sánchez-Martínez, J. A. Pérez-Ortiz (2012): "An Open-Source Toolkit for Integrating Shallow-Transfer Rules into Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation". Third International Workshop on Free/Open-Source Rule-Based Machine Translation (FreeRBMT 2012).
• Washington, Jonathan, Mirlan Ipasov, and Francis Tyers (2012): "A finite-state morphological transducer for Kyrgyz". LREC 2012.

2011

• Mikel L. Forcada, Mireia Ginestí-Rosell, Jacob Nordfalk, Jim O’Regan, Sergio Ortiz-Rojas, Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz, Felipe Sánchez-Martínez, Gema Ramírez-Sánchez and Francis M. Tyers: "Apertium: a free/open-source platform for rule-based machine translation". In Machine Translation: Volume 25, Issue 2 (2011), p. 127-144

• Jacob Nordfalk: "Maŝintradukado - kiel ĝi funkcias, kion ĝi kapablas". In: Wandel, Amri (red.). Internacia Kongresa Universitato. 64-a Sesio. Rotterdam: Universala Esperanto-Asocio, 2011, p. 121-137.

• Jacob Nordfalk & Hèctor Alòs i Font: "Apertium kaj Esperanto: Maŝintradukado al kaj el Esperanto per malfermitkoda platformo". In: Novoská, Katarina; Baláž, Peter (red.). Modernaj teknologioj por Esperanto. Partizánske (SK): E@I, 2011, p. 117-125.

• Jacob Nordfalk & Hèctor Alòs i Font "Apertium kaj Esperanto - Enkonduko al peregula maŝintradukado al kaj el Esperanto per malfermkoda platformo". Teleskopo (2011) 3: 5-19.

• Martha Dís Brandt, Hrafn Loftsson, Hlynur Sigurþórsson, and Francis M.Tyers: "Apertium-IceNLP: a rule-based Icelandic to English machine translation system. EAMT 2011: Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation, 30-31 May 2011, Leuven, Belgium; eds. Mikel L.Forcada, Heidi Depraetere, Vincent Vandeghinste; pp.217-224.

• Xavier Ivars-Ribes & Victor M.Sánchez-Cartagena: A widely used machine translation service and its migration to a free/open-source solution: the case of Softcatalà. Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Free/Open-Source Rule-Based Machine Translation, Barcelona, Spain, January 20-21, 2011, ed. F.Sánchez-Martínez and J.A.Pérez-Ortiz; pp.61-68.

• Pim Otte & Francis M.Tyers: Rapid rule-based machine translation between Dutch and Afrikaans. EAMT 2011: proceedings of the 15th conference of the European Association for Machine Translation, 30-31 May 2011, Leuven, Belgium; eds. Mikel L.Forcada, Heidi Depraetere, Vincent Vandeghinste; pp.153-160.

• Joanna Ruth & Jimmy O’Regan: Shallow-transfer rule-based machine translation from Czech to Polish. Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Free/Open-Source Rule-Based Machine Translation, Barcelona, Spain, January 20-21, 2011, ed. F.Sánchez-Martínez and J.A.Pérez-Ortiz; pp.69-76.

• Antonio Toral & Andy Way: Automatic acquisition of named entities for rule-based machine translation. Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Free/Open-Source Rule-Based Machine Translation, Barcelona, Spain, January 20-21, 2011, ed. F.Sánchez-Martínez and J.A.Pérez-Ortiz; pp.37-43.

• Antonio Toral, Mireia Ginestí-Rosell, & Francis Tyers: An Italian to Catalan RBMT system reusing data from existing language pairs. Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Free/Open-Source Rule-Based Machine Translation, Barcelona, Spain, January 20-21, 2011, ed. F.Sánchez-Martínez and J.A.Pérez-Ortiz; pp.77-81.

• Arnaud Vié, Luis Villarejo Muñoz, Mireia Farrús Cabeceran, & Jimmy O’Regan: Apertium advanced web interface: a first step towards interactivity and language tools convergence. Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Free/Open-Source Rule-Based Machine Translation, Barcelona, Spain, January 20-21, 2011, ed. F.Sánchez-Martínez and J.A.Pérez-Ortiz; pp.45-51

• Antonio Toral, Federico Gaspari, Sudip Kumar Naskar, & Andy Way: Comparative evaluation of research vs. online MT systems. EAMT 2011: proceedings of the 15th conference of the European Association for Machine Translation, 30-31 May 2011, Leuven, Belgium; eds. Mikel L.Forcada, Heidi Depraetere, Vincent Vandeghinste; pp.13-20 (Uses apertium-de-en and apertium-en-nl data to assist in bitext alignment)

• Heidi Depraetere, Joachim Van den Bogaert, & Joeri Van de Walle: Bologna translation service: online translation of course syllabi and study programmes in English. EAMT 2011: proceedings of the 15th conference of the European Association for Machine Translation, 30-31 May 2011, Leuven, Belgium; eds. Mikel L.Forcada, Heidi Depraetere, Vincent Vandeghinste; pp.29-34 (mention the use of Apertium for syllabi translation)

• Tomáš Hudík & Achim Ruopp: The integration of Moses into localisation industry. EAMT 2011: proceedings of the 15th conference of the European Association for Machine Translation, 30-31 May 2011, Leuven, Belgium; eds. Mikel L.Forcada, Heidi Depraetere, Vincent Vandeghinste; pp.47-53 (cites Apertium alongside Moses as "the most developed" MT systems).

• Felipe Sánchez-Martínez: Choosing the best machine translation system to translate a sentence by using only source-language information. EAMT 2011: proceedings of the 15th conference of the European Association for Machine Translation, 30-31 May 2011, Leuven, Belgium; eds. Mikel L.Forcada, Heidi Depraetere, Vincent Vandeghinste; pp.97-104. (one of the systems is Apertium; unfortunately, it is seldom selected as the best system)

• Sarah Ebling, Andy Way, Martin Volk, & Sundip Kumar Naskar: Combining semantic and syntactic generalisation in example-based machine translation. EAMT 2011: proceedings of the 15th conference of the European Association for Machine Translation, 30-31 May 2011, Leuven, Belgium; eds. Mikel L.Forcada, Heidi Depraetere, Vincent Vandeghinste; pp.209-216 (cites Apertium as a source for "marker words")

• Aish Raj Dahal: Development of a Nepali Morphological Analyzer. ICON 2011: proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Natural Language Processing, 15-19 Dec 2011, Chennai, India;Student Paper Track; (cites Apertium as the underlying technology behind Nepali Morphological Analyzer)

2010

• Jacob Nordfalk: "Open source maskinoversættelse med Apertium". DKUUG-nyt nr 160, p. 4-8.

• Linda Wiechetek, Francis M. Tyers and Thomas Omma (2010) "Shooting at flies in the dark: Rule-based lexical selection for a minority language pair". Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence vol. 6233/2010, pp. 418--429

• Francis M. Tyers (2010) "Rule-based Breton to French machine translation". 'Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference of the European Association of Machine Translation, EAMT10', pp. 174--181

• Sergio Penkale, Rejwanul Haque, Sandipan Dandapat, Pratyush Banerjee, Ankit K. Srivastava, Jinhua Du, Pavel Pecina, Sudip Kumar Naskar, Mikel L. Forcada, Andy Way, "MaTrEx: the DCU MT system for WMT 2010", in Proceedings of WMT 2010: The ACL 2010 Joint Fifth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation and MetricsMATR (to be presented)

• Aline Villavicencio, Carlos Ramisch, André Machado, Maria José ́Finatto, Helena de Medeiros Caseli (2010) "Identificação de Expressões Multipalavra em Domínios Específicos". Linguamatica 2(1) pp. 15--34

• Sánchez-Cartagena, V. M. and Pérez-Ortiz, J. A. (2010) "ScaleMT: a free/open-source framework for building scalable machine translation web services". The Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 93, pp. 97--106.

• Tyers, F. M. and Sánchez-Martínez, F. and Ortiz-Rojas, S. and Forcada, M. L. (2010) "Free/open-source resources in the Apertium platform for machine translation research and development". The Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics No. 93, pp. 67--76

• François Masselot, Petra Ribiczey, & Gema Ramírez-Sánchez (2010) "Using the Apertium Spanish-Brazilian Portuguese machine translation system for localisation". EAMT 2010: Proceedings of the 14th Annual conference of the European Association for Machine Translation, 27-28 May 2010, Saint-Raphaël, France. Proceedings ed.Viggo Hansen and François Yvon; 8pp. [PDF, 577KB]; presentation: 23 slides [PDF, 569KB]

• Septina Dian Larasati and Vladislav Kuboň (2010) "A Study of Indonesian-to-Malaysian MT System". MALINDO 2010: Proceedings of the 4th International MALINDO Workshop. Jakarta, Indonesia, 2 August 2010.

• Mikel L.Forcada: Apertium: free/open-source rule-based machine translation. Presentation at Fourth Machine Translation Marathon “Open Source Tools for Machine Translation”, 29 January, Dublin, Ireland; 38 slides.

• Mikel L.Forcada: Free/open-source machine translation: the Apertium platform. Translingual Europe 2010, Hotel Maritim, Berlin, Germany, Monday June 7th 2010; 17pp.

2009

• Sánchez-Cartagena, V. M. and Pérez-Ortiz, J. A. (2009) "An open-source highly scalable web service architecture for the Apertium machine translation engine". First International Workshop on Free/Open-Source Rule-Based Machine Translation, Alicante, Spain, pp. 51--58.

• Ginestí-Rosell, M. and Ramírez-Sánchez, G. and Ortiz-Rojas, S. and Tyers, F. M. and Forcada, M. L. (2009) "Development of a free Basque to Spanish machine translation system". Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural No. 43. pp. 187--195

• Tyers, F. M. (2009) "Rule-based augmentation of training data in Breton–French statistical machine translation". Proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference of the European Association of Machine Translation, EAMT09.

• Tyers, F. M. and Wiechetek, L. and Trosterud, T. (2009) "Developing prototypes for machine translation between two Sámi languages". Proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference of the European Association of Machine Translation, EAMT09.

• (bibtex) Sánchez-Martínez, F. and Forcada, M.L. (2009). "Inferring shallow-transfer machine translation rules from small parallel corpora". In Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research. volume 34, p. 605-635.

• Sánchez-Martínez, F. and Forcada, M.L. and Way, A. (2009) "Hybrid rule-based ‒ example-based MT: Feeding Apertium with sub-sentential translation units". In Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Example-Based Machine Translation, p. 11-18, Dublin, Ireland.

• Sheikh, Z.M.A.W. and Sánchez-Martínez, F. (2009) "A trigram part-of-speech tagger for the Apertium free/open-source machine translation platform". In Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Free/Open-Source Rule-Based Machine Translation, p. 67-74, Alacant, Spain.

• Tyers, Francis M. and Donnelly, Kevin (2009) "apertium-cy - a collaboratively-developed free RBMT system for Welsh to English". The Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics No. 91, pp. 57-66.

• Unhammer, Kevin; Trosterud, Trond. "Reuse of free resources in machine translation between Nynorsk and Bokmål". In: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Free/Open-Source Rule-Based Machine Translation / Edited by Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz, Felipe Sánchez-Martínez, Francis M. Tyers. Alicante : Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos, 2009, pp. 35-42

2008

• Homola, Petr and Kuboň, Vladislav (2008). "Improving Machine Translation Between Closely Related Romance Languages". Proceedings of the European Association of Machine Translation, Hamburg.

• (bibtex) Felipe Sánchez-Martínez, Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz, Mikel L. Forcada (2008). "Using target-language information to train part-of-speech taggers for machine translation". In Machine Translation, volume 22, numbers 1-2, p. 29-66.

• (bibtex) Felipe Sánchez-Martínez (2008). "Using unsupervised corpus-based methods to build rule-based machine translation systems". PhD thesis, Departament de Llenguatges i Sistemes Infomàtics, Universitat d'Alacant, Spain.

• Helena de Medeiros Caseli, Maria das Graças Volpe Nunes, Mikel L. Forcada (2008). "Automatic induction of bilingual resources from aligned parallel corpora: application to shallow-transfer machine translation". In Machine Translation, volume 20, numbers 4, p. 227-245.

• Carme Armentano Oller and Mikel L. Forcada (2002) “Reutilización de datos lingüísticos para la creación de un sistema de traducción automática para un nuevo par de lenguas”. Procesamiento del lenguaje natural. N. 41 (sept. 2008). ISSN 1135-5948, pp. 243-250

2007

• (bibtex) Felipe Sánchez-Martínez, Mikel L. Forcada (2007) "Automatic induction of shallow-transfer rules for open-source machine translation", in Proceedings of TMI, The Eleventh Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 2007) (Skövde, Sweden, 7-9/09/2007) , p. 181--190
• (bibtex) Felipe Sánchez-Martínez, Carme Armentano-Oller, Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz, Mikel L. Forcada (2007) "Training part-of-speech taggers to build machine translation systems for less-resourced language pairs", Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural, (XXIII Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural ,Sevilla, Spain, 10-12/09/2007; accepted) 39, 257--264
• (bibtex) Felipe Sánchez-Martínez, Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz, Mikel L. Forcada (2007) "Integrating corpus-based and rule-based approaches in an open-source machine translation system". in Proceedings of METIS-II Workshop: New Approaches to Machine Translation, a workshop at CLIN 17 - Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands ((Leuven, Belgium, 11/01/2007)) , p. 73--8
• (bibtex) Carme Armentano-Oller, Antonio M. Corbí-Bellot, Mikel L. Forcada, Mireia Ginestí-Rosell, Marco A. Montava, Sergio Ortiz-Rojas, Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz, Gema Ramírez-Sánchez, Felipe Sánchez-Martínez (2007) "Apertium, una plataforma de código abierto para el desarrollo de sistemas de traducción automática", in Proceedings of FLOSS (Free/Libre/Open Source Systems) International Conference ((7-9/03/2007, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain)) , p. 5--20

2006

• Carme Armentano-Oller, Mikel L. Forcada (2006) "Open-source machine translation between small languages: Catalan and Aranese Occitan", in Strategies for developing machine translation for minority languages (5th SALTMIL workshop on Minority Languages) (organized in conjunction with LREC 2006 (22-28.05.2006)) , p. 51-54
• (bibtex) Gema Ramírez-Sánchez, Felipe Sánchez-Martínez, Sergio Ortiz-Rojas, Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz, Mikel L. Forcada (2006) "Opentrad Apertium open-source machine translation system: an opportunity for business and research", in Proceedings of Translating and the Computer 28 Conference ((London, november 16--17, 2006))
• (bibtex) Felipe Sánchez-Martínez, Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz, Mikel L. Forcada (2006) "Speeding up target-language driven part-of-speech tagger training for machine translation". in Lecture notes in Computer Science vol. 4293: MICAI 2006: Advances in Artificial Intelligence.5th Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Apizaco, Mexico, November 13-17, 2006. Proceedings. ((c) Springer-Verlag 2006) , p. 844-854
• (bibtex) Carme Armentano-Oller, Rafael C. Carrasco, Antonio M. Corbí-Bellot, Mikel L. Forcada, Mireia Ginestí-Rosell, Sergio Ortiz-Rojas, Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz, Gema Ramírez-Sánchez, Felipe Sánchez-Martínez, Miriam A. Scalco (2006) "Open-source Portuguese-Spanish machine translation", in In Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3960 (Computational Processing of the Portuguese Language, Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Computational Processing of Written and Spoken Portuguese, PROPOR 2006), May 13-17, 2006, ME - RJ / Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ((c) Springer-Verlag 2006) , p. 50-59
• Forcada, Mikel L. (2006) "Open-source machine translation: an opportunity for minor languages" in B. Williams (ed.): Proceedings of the Workshop "Strategies for developing machine translation for minority languages (5th SALTMIL workshop on Minority Languages)" (organised in conjunction with LREC 2006 (22-28.05.2006)). Genoa, Italy, pp. 1-6.

2005

• (bibtex) Carme Armentano-Oller, Antonio M. Corbí-Bellot, Mikel L. Forcada, Mireia Ginestí-Rosell, Boyan Bonev, Sergio Ortiz-Rojas, Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz, Gema Ramírez-Sánchez, Felipe Sánchez-Martínez (2005) "An open-source shallow-transfer machine translation toolbox: consequences of its release and availability", in Proceedings of OSMaTran: Open-Source Machine Translation, A workshop at Machine Translation Summit X (Phuket, Thailand, September 12--16, 2005),
• (bibtex) Antonio M. Corbí-Bellot, Mikel L. Forcada, Sergio Ortiz-Rojas, Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz, Gema Sánchez-Ramírez, Felipe Sánchez-Martínez, Iñaki Alegria, Aingeru Mayor, Kepa Sarasola (2005) "An open-source shallow-transfer machine translation engine for the romance languages of Spain", in Proceedings of the European Associtation for Machine Translation, 10th Annual Conference (Budapest, Hungary, 30-31.05.2005), p. 79--86
• Ortiz-Rojas, S., Forcada, M. L., and Ramírez-Sánchez, G. (2005) "Construccion y minimización eficiente de transductores de letras a partir de diccionarios con paradigmas". Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural, 35, 51–57.