Difference between revisions of "Turkic languages/Ki"

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* {{slc|kaz}} -DAGI
 
* {{slc|kaz}} -DAGI
 
* {{slc|kir}} -DAGI
 
* {{slc|kir}} -DAGI
  +
* {{slc|uzb}} -dagi
 
* {{slc|tur}} -DAki
 
* {{slc|tur}} -DAki
  +
* {{slc|sah}} -TAAGI
  +
* {{slc|chv}} -Tи
 
* {{slc|khk}} dAx(ʲ)
 
* {{slc|khk}} dAx(ʲ)
 
|
 
|
 
* {{slc|kaz}} Бақша'''дағы''' ағаштар
 
* {{slc|kaz}} Бақша'''дағы''' ағаштар
 
* {{slc|kir}} Бакча'''дагы''' дарактар
 
* {{slc|kir}} Бакча'''дагы''' дарактар
  +
* {{slc|uzb}} Bog'cha'''dagi''' daraxtlar
 
* {{slc|tur}} Bahçe'''deki''' ağaçlar
 
* {{slc|tur}} Bahçe'''deki''' ağaçlar
  +
* {{slc|sah}} Сад'''тааҕы''' мастар
  +
* {{slc|chv}} Сад'''ри''' йываҫсем
 
* {{slc|khk}} Цэцэрлэг '''дэхь''' моднууд
 
* {{slc|khk}} Цэцэрлэг '''дэхь''' моднууд
 
|-
 
|-
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* {{slc|kaz}} -Niki(n)
 
* {{slc|kaz}} -Niki(n)
 
* {{slc|kir}} -NIKI(n)
 
* {{slc|kir}} -NIKI(n)
  +
* {{slc|uzb}} -niki
 
* {{slc|tur}} -(n)Inki(n)
 
* {{slc|tur}} -(n)Inki(n)
  +
* {{slc|sah}} —
  +
* {{slc|chv}} -(Ӑ)нни?
 
* {{slc|khk}} -nIx/-Inx
 
* {{slc|khk}} -nIx/-Inx
 
|
 
|
 
* {{slc|kaz}} Сол ағаш біз'''дікі'''
 
* {{slc|kaz}} Сол ағаш біз'''дікі'''
 
* {{slc|kir}} Ошол дарак биз'''дики'''
 
* {{slc|kir}} Ошол дарак биз'''дики'''
  +
* {{slc|uzb}} Shu daraxt biz'''niki'''
 
* {{slc|tur}} Şu ağaç biz'''imki'''
 
* {{slc|tur}} Şu ağaç biz'''imki'''
  +
* {{slc|chv}} Ҫав йываҫ пир'''ĕнни'''
 
* {{slc|khk}} Тэр мод бид'''нийх'''
 
* {{slc|khk}} Тэр мод бид'''нийх'''
 
|-
 
|-
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* {{slc|kaz}} -GI
 
* {{slc|kaz}} -GI
 
* {{slc|kir}} -KI
 
* {{slc|kir}} -KI
  +
* {{slc|uzb}} -gi
 
* {{slc|tur}} -ki/-kI
 
* {{slc|tur}} -ki/-kI
* {{slc|khk}}
+
* {{slc|sah}} -ŋI/-GI
  +
* {{slc|chv}} -хи
  +
* {{slc|khk}} -х
 
|
 
|
  +
* {{slc|kaz}} бүгін'''гі''', былтыр'''ғы'''
  +
* {{slc|kir}} бүгүн'''кү''', былтыр'''кы'''
  +
* {{slc|uzb}} bugun'''gi''', bultur'''gi'''
  +
* {{slc|tur}} bugün'''kü''', geçen yıl'''ki'''
  +
* {{slc|sah}} бүгүҥ'''ҥү''', былырыыҥ'''ҥы'''
  +
* {{slc|chv}} паян'''хи''', пĕлтĕр'''хи'''
  +
* {{slc|khk}} өмнө'''х''', дараа'''х'''
 
|-
 
|-
 
! relative thingy
 
! relative thingy
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* {{slc|kaz}} —
 
* {{slc|kaz}} —
 
* {{slc|kir}} —
 
* {{slc|kir}} —
  +
* {{slc|uzb}} ki?
 
* {{slc|tur}} ki
 
* {{slc|tur}} ki
  +
* {{slc|sah}} —
  +
* {{slc|chv}} —
 
* {{slc|khk}} —
 
* {{slc|khk}} —
 
|
 
|
* Tabii ki, ...
+
* {{slc|tur}} Tabii ki, ...
* Dedim ki, ...
+
* {{slc|tur}} Dedim ki, ...
* Sanırım (ki), ...
+
* {{slc|tur}} Sanırım (ki), ...
 
|}
 
|}
  +
  +
  +
=== Notes ===
  +
* Khalkha -x seems not to occur with temporal adverbs as in Turkic? In some Turkic languages this usage is quite productive, cf. forms like эртең мененки (<tt>kir</tt>).
  +
* In Sakha, evidence for -ŋI is forms like бэҕэһээҥи, while evidence for -GI is forms like аныгы. In all other environments (except after vowels) it's impossible to distinguish the two (сарсыҥҥы, быйылгы, аныгыскы, etc.).
  +
* What is кэнники (<tt>sah</tt>)?
  +
* How do forms like биһиэнэ (<tt>sah</tt>) work, and can it apply to nouns? (Seems no?)
  +
* The forms биһиги, эһиги might be remnants of <tag>gen</tag><tag>subst</tag>, but they are not used that way currently.

Latest revision as of 13:17, 13 September 2023

The various "ki"s in Turkic (and Mongolic!).

usage attaches to resulting form forms examples
attributive locative ~locative <attr>
  • (kaz) Бақшадағы ағаштар
  • (kir) Бакчадагы дарактар
  • (uzb) Bog'chadagi daraxtlar
  • (tur) Bahçedeki ağaçlar
  • (sah) Садтааҕы мастар
  • (chv) Садри йываҫсем
  • (khk) Цэцэрлэг дэхь моднууд
substantival genitive ~genitive <subst>
  • (kaz) Сол ағаш біздікі
  • (kir) Ошол дарак биздики
  • (uzb) Shu daraxt bizniki
  • (tur) Şu ağaç bizimki
  • (chv) Ҫав йываҫ пирĕнни
  • (khk) Тэр мод биднийх
attributive ~time adverbs closed set of adverbs (mostly time) <attr>
  • (kaz) бүгінгі, былтырғы
  • (kir) бүгүнкү, былтыркы
  • (uzb) bugungi, bulturgi
  • (tur) bugün, geçen yılki
  • (sah) бүгүҥҥү, былырыыҥҥы
  • (chv) паянхи, пĕлтĕрхи
  • (khk) өмнөх, дараах
relative thingy finite phrase (adverb, verb) lambda(adverb phrase)??
  • (tur) Tabii ki, ...
  • (tur) Dedim ki, ...
  • (tur) Sanırım (ki), ...


Notes[edit]

  • Khalkha -x seems not to occur with temporal adverbs as in Turkic? In some Turkic languages this usage is quite productive, cf. forms like эртең мененки (kir).
  • In Sakha, evidence for -ŋI is forms like бэҕэһээҥи, while evidence for -GI is forms like аныгы. In all other environments (except after vowels) it's impossible to distinguish the two (сарсыҥҥы, быйылгы, аныгыскы, etc.).
  • What is кэнники (sah)?
  • How do forms like биһиэнэ (sah) work, and can it apply to nouns? (Seems no?)
  • The forms биһиги, эһиги might be remnants of <tag>gen</tag><tag>subst</tag>, but they are not used that way currently.