Difference between revisions of "Kazakh/Case"

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What's a case? What's not a case?
  
What's a case? What's not a case?
  +
  +
These all follow bare nouns (and can follow possessed forms too?), but they differ from one another in a number of ways.
  +
  +
Note that "yes" for "substantive?" generally means "can be followed by another 'case' suffix" (sometimes even recursively)!
   
 
{|class="wikitable"
  
{|class="wikitable"
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! substantive?
  
! substantive?
 
! postpositional obj?
  
! postpositional obj?
  +
! irregular with pronouns?
  +
! irregular with possession?
 
! C phonology
  
! C phonology
 
! V phonology
  
! V phonology
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| yes
  
| yes
 
| yes
  
| yes
  ⚫
| (no)
  +
| (no)
 
| (no)
  
| (no)
 
| (no)
  
| (no)
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| no
  
| no
 
| no
  
| no
  +
| yes
  +
| yes
 
| yes
  
| yes
 
| yes
  
| yes
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| yes
  
| yes
 
| no
  
| no
  +
| yes
  +
| yes
 
| yes
  
| yes
 
| yes
  
| yes
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| no
  
| no
 
| ~yes
  
| ~yes
  +
| yes
  +
| yes
 
| yes
  
| yes
 
| yes
  
| yes
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| no
  
| no
 
| no?
  
| no?
  +
| no
  +
| yes
 
| yes
  
| yes
 
| yes
  
| yes
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! -DAн
  
! -DAн
 
! ablative
  
! ablative
−
| no?
 +
| yes
 
| yes
  
| yes
 
| no
  
| no
 
| no
  
| no
  +
| yes
  +
| yes
 
| yes
  
| yes
 
| yes
  
| yes
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! -Мен
  
! -Мен
 
! instrumental/etc.
  
! instrumental/etc.
  +
| yes
−
| sometimes
  
 
| yes
  
| yes
 
| no?
  
| no?
 
| no
  
| no
 
| yes
  
| yes
  +
| yes
  +
| no
 
| yes
  
| yes
 
| no
  
| no
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| (with case)
  
| (with case)
 
| yes
  
| yes
  +
| (with case)
⚫
| no?
  
  +
| yes
 
| yes
  
| yes
 
| no
  
| no
−
|-
+
| no
  +
|-
  +
! -DAGI
  +
! attributive locative
  +
| (with case)
  +
| (with case)
  +
| yes
  +
| yes
  +
| (with case)
  +
| no
  +
| yes
  +
| yes
  +
| yes
  +
|-
 
! -DAй
  
! -DAй
 
! similative
  
! similative
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| yes
  
| yes
 
| no?
  
| no?
  +
| no
  +
| yes
 
| yes
  
| yes
 
| yes
  
| yes
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| yes
  
| yes
 
| yes
  
| yes
  +
| yes
  +
| no?
 
| yes
  
| yes
 
| no?
  
| no?
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|
  
|
 
| no?
  
| no?
  +
|
  +
|
 
| yes
  
| yes
 
| yes
  
| yes
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|
  
|
 
| no?
  
| no?
  +
|
  +
|
 
| yes
  
| yes
 
| yes
  
| yes
  +
|-
  +
! сайын
  +
! "every"
  +
| no
  +
| yes
  +
| no
  +
| no
  +
| no
  +
| ?
  +
| no
  +
| no
  +
| no
 
|-
  
|-
 
! form
  
! form
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! substantive?
  
! substantive?
 
! postpositional obj?
  
! postpositional obj?
  +
! irregular with pronouns?
  +
! irregular with possession?
 
! C phonology
  
! C phonology
 
! V phonology
  
! V phonology
 
|}
  
|}
  +
  +
[[Category:Kazakh]]

Latest revision as of 20:00, 24 March 2020

What's a case? What's not a case?

These all follow bare nouns (and can follow possessed forms too?), but they differ from one another in a number of ways.

Note that "yes" for "substantive?" generally means "can be followed by another 'case' suffix" (sometimes even recursively)!

form name verbal argument? verbal adjunct? attributive? substantive? postpositional obj? irregular with pronouns? irregular with possession? C phonology V phonology
- nominative/absolutive yes ~no ~yes yes yes (no) (no) (no) (no)
-NI accusative yes no no yes yes yes yes yes yes
-GA dative yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes
-NIң genitive no no yes no ~yes yes yes yes yes
-DA locative no yes no no no? no yes yes yes
-DAн ablative yes yes no no yes yes yes yes yes
-Мен instrumental/etc. yes yes no? no yes yes no yes no
-Nікі substantive genitive (with case) (with case) (with case) yes (with case) yes yes no no
-DAGI attributive locative (with case) (with case) yes yes (with case) no yes yes yes
-DAй similative (with case) yes yes yes no? no yes yes yes
-сIз abessive (with case) yes yes yes no? yes no? (no) yes
-LI ? no? yes yes
-LIK ? no? yes yes
сайын "every" no yes no no no ? no no no
form name verbal argument? verbal adjunct? attributive? substantive? postpositional obj? irregular with pronouns? irregular with possession? C phonology V phonology
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