Difference between revisions of "Turkic languages/Ki"

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* {{slc|tur}} -ki/-kI
* {{slc|tur}} -ki/-kI
* {{slc|sah}} -ŋI/-GI
* {{slc|sah}} -ŋI/-GI
* {{slc|chv}} -хи
* {{slc|khk}} -х
* {{slc|khk}} -х
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Revision as of 12:54, 13 September 2023

The various "ki"s in Turkic (and Mongolic!).

usage attaches to resulting form forms examples
attributive locative ~locative <attr>
  • (kaz) Бақшадағы ағаштар
  • (kir) Бакчадагы дарактар
  • (uzb) Bog'chadagi daraxtlar
  • (tur) Bahçedeki ağaçlar
  • (sah) Садтааҕы мастар
  • (khk) Цэцэрлэг дэхь моднууд
substantival genitive ~genitive <subst>
  • (kaz) Сол ағаш біздікі
  • (kir) Ошол дарак биздики
  • (uzb) Shu daraxt bizniki
  • (tur) Şu ağaç bizimki
  • (khk) Тэр мод биднийх
attributive ~time adverbs closed set of adverbs (mostly time) <attr>
  • (kaz) бүгінгі, былтырғы
  • (kir) бүгүнкү, былтыркы
  • (uzb) bugungi, bulturgi
  • (tur) bugün, geçen yılki
  • (sah) бүгүҥҥү, былырыыҥҥы
  • (chv) паянхи, пĕлтĕрхи
  • (khk) өмнөх, дараах
relative thingy finite phrase (adverb, verb) lambda(adverb phrase)??
  • (tur) Tabii ki, ...
  • (tur) Dedim ki, ...
  • (tur) Sanırım (ki), ...


Notes

  • Khalkha -x seems not to occur with temporal adverbs as in Turkic? In some Turkic languages this usage is quite productive, cf. forms like эртең мененки (kir).
  • In Sakha, evidence for -ŋI is forms like бэҕэһээҥи, while evidence for -GI is forms like аныгы. In all other environments (except after vowels) it's impossible to distinguish the two (сарсыҥҥы, быйылгы, аныгыскы, etc.).
  • What is кэнники (sah)?
  • How do forms like биһиэнэ (sah) work, and can it apply to nouns? (Seems no?)
  • The forms биһиги, эһиги might be remnants of <tag>gen</tag><tag>subst</tag>, but they are not used that way currently.