Difference between revisions of "Languages of India"
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stats|bn-en_stems}} || || ''[[Apertium-mal-eng|mal-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-m |
stats|bn-en_stems}} || || ''[[Apertium-mal-eng|mal-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-m |
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al-eng/stats|mal-eng_stems}} || ''[[Apertium-mar-eng|mar-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apert |
al-eng/stats|mal-eng_stems}} || ''[[Apertium-mar-eng|mar-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apert |
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ium-mar-eng/stats|mar-eng_stems}} || || ''[[Apertium-eng-tel|eng-tel]]'' |
ium-mar-eng/stats|mar-eng_stems}} || || ''[[Apertium-eng-tel|eng-tel]]''|| |
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lst:Apertium-eng-tel/stats|eng-tel_stems}}'' || |
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| '''hin''' || [[Apertium-eng-hin|eng-hin]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-eng-hin/stats|eng |
| '''hin''' || [[Apertium-eng-hin|eng-hin]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-eng-hin/stats|eng |
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-hin_stems}} || - || ''[[Apertium-as-hi|as-hi]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-as-hi/stats |
-hin_stems}} || - || ''[[Apertium-as-hi|as-hi]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-as-hi/stats |
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|as-hi_stems}} || ''[[Apertium-bn-hi|bn-hi]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-bn-hi/stats|bn |
|as-hi_stems}} || ''[[Apertium-bn-hi|bn-hi]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-bn-hi/stats|bn |
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-hi_stems}} || ''[[Apertium-guj-hin|guj-hin]]''<br> |
-hi_stems}} || ''[[Apertium-guj-hin|guj-hin]]''<br> |
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|| || ''[[Apertium-mar-hin|mar-hin]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-mar- |
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hin/stats|mar-hin_stems}} || ''[[Apertium-pa-hi|pa-hi]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-pa- |
hin/stats|mar-hin_stems}} || ''[[Apertium-pa-hi|pa-hi]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-pa- |
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hi/stats|pa-hi_stems}} || || '''[[Apertium-urd-hin|urd-hin]]'''<br>'''{{#lst:Ap |
hi/stats|pa-hi_stems}} || || '''[[Apertium-urd-hin|urd-hin]]'''<br>'''{{#lst:Ap |
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| '''mar''' || ''[[Apertium-mar-eng|mar-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-mar-eng/stats |
| '''mar''' || ''[[Apertium-mar-eng|mar-eng]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-mar-eng/stats |
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|mar-eng_stems}} || ''[[Apertium-mar-hin|mar-hin]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-mar-hin/ |
|mar-eng_stems}} || ''[[Apertium-mar-hin|mar-hin]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-mar-hin/ |
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stats|mar-hin_stems}} || || || || || - || || ''[[Apertium-tel-mar|tel-mar]] |
stats|mar-hin_stems}} || || || || || - || || ''[[Apertium-tel-mar|tel-mar]]'' || |
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''<br>|| |
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| '''pan''' || || ''[[Apertium-pa-hi|pa-hi]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-pa-hi/stats|p |
| '''pan''' || || ''[[Apertium-pa-hi|pa-hi]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-pa-hi/stats|p |
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| '''tel''' || ''[[Apertium-eng-tel|eng-tel]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-eng-tel/stats |
| '''tel''' || ''[[Apertium-eng-tel|eng-tel]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-eng-tel/stats |
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|eng-tel_stems}} || || || || || || |
|eng-tel_stems}} || || || || || || || || - || |
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| '''urd''' || || '''[[Apertium-urd-hin|urd-hin]]'''<br>'''{{#lst:Apertium-urd- |
| '''urd''' || || '''[[Apertium-urd-hin|urd-hin]]'''<br>'''{{#lst:Apertium-urd- |
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*Indo-Aryan language family: [[Hindi]], [[Bengali]], [[Marathi]], [[Urdu]], [[Gujarati]], [[Punjabi]], [[Kashmiri]], [[Rajasthani]], [[Sindhi]],[[Assamese]], [[Maithili]] and [[Odia]]. |
*Indo-Aryan language family: [[Hindi]], [[Bengali]], [[Marathi]], [[Urdu]], [[Gujarati]], [[Punjabi]], [[Kashmiri]], [[Rajasthani]], [[Sindhi]],[[Assamese]], [[Maithili]] and [[Odia]]. |
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*Dravidian language family: [[Telugu]], [[Tamil]], [[Kannada]] and [[Malayalam]]. |
*Dravidian language family: [[Telugu]], [[Tamil]], [[Kannada]] and [[Malayalam]]. |
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*Austroasiatic language family: [[Khasi]],[[Munda]] and [[ |
*Austroasiatic language family: [[Khasi]],[[Munda]] and [[Santali]]. |
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*Sino-Tibetan language family: [[Meitei]],[[Bodo]], [[Karbi]] and [[Lepcha]]. |
*Sino-Tibetan language family: [[Meitei]],[[Bodo]], [[Karbi]] and [[Lepcha]]. |
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*Tai-Kadai language family: [[Ahom]] |
*Tai-Kadai language family: [[Ahom]] |
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*Great Andamanese language family: [[Sentinelese]],[[Önge]] and [[Jarawa]]. |
*Great Andamanese language family: [[Sentinelese]],[[Önge]] and [[Jarawa]]. |
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== Vulnerability == |
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This table summarizes the vulnerability of various Indian languages. Vulnerability data is derived from the ‘Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, © UNESCO, http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas’,[https://iasscore.in/national-issues/protection-of-endangered-languages IASSCORE] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_endangered_languages_in_India Wikipedia]. |
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== Also See == |
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*[[Indic languages]] |
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[[Category:Language families]] |
[[Category:Language families]] |
Latest revision as of 19:27, 12 January 2022
The Indian languages belong to six language families: Indo-Aryan language family,Austroasiatic language family,Dravidian language family, Sino-Tibetan language family,Tai–Kadai language family and Great Andamanese languages.
Status[edit]
Name | Language | Stems | Covergae | Loctaion |
---|---|---|---|---|
Apertium-hin | Hindi | 37,833 | ~83.1% | Apertium-hin |
Apertium-urd | Urdu | 14,943 | ~64.6% | Apertium-urd |
Existing language pairs[edit]
Text in italics denotes language pairs in the incubator. Regular text denotes a developing language pair in staging, while text in bold denotes a stable well-working language pair in trunk and text in bold and italics denotes a pair in staging. Bidix stems as counted with dixcounter are displayed below.
eng | hin | asm | ben | guj | mal | mar | pan | tel | urd | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
eng | - | eng-hin |
asm-eng |
bn-en |
mal-eng |
mar-eng |
eng-tel | |||
hin | eng-hin |
- | as-hi 833 |
bn-hi |
guj-hin |
mar-hin |
pa-hi |
'urd-hin ' | ||
asm | asm-eng ? |
as-hi 833 |
- | asm-ben |
||||||
ben | bn-en |
bn-hi |
asm-ben |
- | ||||||
guj | guj-hin |
- | ||||||||
mal | mal-eng 9,095 |
- | ||||||||
mar | mar-eng 102 |
mar-hin |
- | tel-mar | ||||||
pan | pa-hi |
- | ur-pa | |||||||
tel | eng-tel 1 |
- | ||||||||
urd | 'urd-hin ' |
ur-pa | - |
Indian languages by subgroup[edit]
- Indo-Aryan language family: Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Urdu, Gujarati, Punjabi, Kashmiri, Rajasthani, Sindhi,Assamese, Maithili and Odia.
- Dravidian language family: Telugu, Tamil, Kannada and Malayalam.
- Austroasiatic language family: Khasi,Munda and Santali.
- Sino-Tibetan language family: Meitei,Bodo, Karbi and Lepcha.
- Tai-Kadai language family: Ahom
- Great Andamanese language family: Sentinelese,Önge and Jarawa.
Most widely spoken languages of India
- Hindi
- English
- Bengali
- Marathi
- Telegu
- Tamil
- Malayalam
- Kashmiri
- Urdu
- Sanskrit
Samples[edit]
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Language | Text |
---|---|
Hindi | सभी मनुष्यों को गौरव और अधिकारों के मामले में जन्मजात स्वतन्त्रता और समानता प्राप्त है । उन्हें बुद्धि और अन्तरात्मा की देन प्राप्त है और परस्पर उन्हें भाईचारे के भाव से बर्ताव करना चाहिए । |
Marathi | सर्व मानवी व्यक्ति जन्मतःच स्वतंत्र आहेत व त्यांना समान प्रतिष्ठा व समान अधिकार आहेत. त्यांना विचारशक्ति व सदसविद्वेकबुद्धि लाभलेली आहे. व त्यांनी एकमेकांशी बंधुत्याच्या भावनेने आचरण करावे. |
Sanskrit | सर्वे मानवाः स्वतन्त्राः समुत्पन्नाः वर्तन्ते अपि च, गौरवदृशा अधिकारदृशा च समानाः एव वर्तन्ते। एते सर्वे चेतना-तर्क-शक्तिभ्यां सुसम्पन्नाः सन्ति। अपि च, सर्वेऽपि बन्धुत्व-भावनया परस्परं व्यवहरन्तु। |
Urdu | تمام انسان آزاد اور حقوق و عزت کے اعتبار سے برابر پیدا ہوئے ہیں۔ انہیں ضمیر اور عقل ودیعت ہوئی ہے۔ اس لئے انہیں ایک دوسرے کے ساتھ بھائی چارے کا سلوک کرنا چاہیئے۔ |
Bangla | সমস্ত মানুষ স্বাধীনভাবে সমান মর্যাদা এবং অধিকার নিয়ে জন্মগ্রহণ করে। তাঁদের বিবেক এবং বুদ্ধি আছে; সুতরাং সকলেরই একে অপরের প্রতি ভ্রাতৃত্বসুলভ মনোভাব নিয়ে আচরণ করা উচিত। |
Gujarati | પ્રતિષ્ઠા અને અધિકારોની દૃષ્ટિએ સર્વ માનવો જન્મથી સ્વતંત્ર અને સમાન હોય છે. તેમનામાં વિચારશક્તિ અને અંતઃકરણ હોય છે અને તેમણે પરસ્પર બંધુત્વની ભાવનાથી વર્તવું જોઇએ. |
Punjabi | ਸਾਰਾ ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ ਆਪਣੀ ਮਹਿਮਾ, ਸ਼ਾਨ ਅਤੇ ਹੱਕਾਂ ਦੇ ਪੱਖੋਂ ਜਨਮ ਤੋਂ ਹੀ ਆਜ਼ਾਦ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਸੁਤੇ ਸਿੱਧ ਸਾਰੇ ਲੋਕ ਬਰਾਬਰ ਹਨ । ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਸਭਨਾ ਨੂੰ ਤਰਕ ਅਤੇ ਜ਼ਮੀਰ ਦੀ ਸੌਗਾਤ ਮਿਲੀ ਹੋਈ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਭਰਾਤਰੀਭਾਵ ਦੀ ਭਾਵਨਾ ਰਖਦਿਆਂ ਆਪਸ ਵਿਚ ਵਿਚਰਣਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ । |
Kannada | ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಮಾನವರೂ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರರಾಗಿಯೇ ಜನಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಹಾಗೂ ಘನತೆ ಮತ್ತು ಹಕ್ಕುಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಸಮಾನರಾಗಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ವಿವೇಕ ಮತ್ತು ಅಂತಃಕರಣಗಳನ್ನು ಪಡೆದವರಾದ್ದರಿಂದ ಅವರು ಪರಸ್ಪರ ಸಹೋದರ ಭಾವದಿಂದ ವರ್ತಿಸಬೇಕು. |
Malayalam | മനുഷ്യരെല്ലാവരും തുല്യാവകാശങ്ങളോടും അന്തസ്സോടും സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യത്തോടുംകൂടി ജനിച്ചിട്ടുള്ളവരാണ്. അന്യോന്യം ഭ്രാതൃഭാവത്തോടെ പെരുമാറുവാനാണ് മനുഷ്യന്നു വിവേകബുദ്ധിയും മനസ്സാക്ഷിയും സിദ്ധമായിരിക്കുന്നത്. |
Telegu | ప్రతిపత్తిస్వత్వముల విషయమున మానవులెల్లరును జన్మతః స్వతంత్రులును సమానులును నగుదురు. వారు వివేచన-అంతఃకరణ సంపన్నులగుటచే పరస్పరము భ్రాతృభావముతో వర్తింపవలయును. |
Tamil | எல்லா மனிதர்களும் ஒருவருக்கொருவர் தொடர்பில் சுதந்திரமாகவும், சமமாகவும், சமமாகவும் பிறந்தவர்கள். அவர்கள் புத்திஜீவிகள் வாரியாக இருக்க பரஸ்பரம் சாய்ந்திருக்க வேண்டும். |