View source for Languages of the Caucasus

{{TOCD}}

The Caucasus is home to a number of languages and language families.  The term "Languages of the Caucasus" is mostly a geographic grouping and does not imply anything about the relatedness of the languages or even their similarity (due to processes like language contact).  A division may be made between North Caucasus languages and South Caucasus languages.  North Caucasus languages include [[Kumyk]], [[Nogay]], [[Karachay-Balkar]], [[Avar]], [[Chechen]], [[Kabardian]], [[Lak]], [[Lezgian]], [[Ossetian]], [[Abkhaz]], [[Adyghe]], [[Ingushetian]], etc., while South Caucasus languages include [[Georgian]], [[Azeri]], and [[Armenian]].

== Status ==
kum, nog, krc, ava, che, oss, abk, ady, inh, kbd, lbe, lez, kat, aze, hye

=== Transducers ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!rowspan=2| name
!rowspan=2| Language
!rowspan=2| native name
!colspan=2 class="unsortable"| ISO 639
!rowspan=2| formalism
!rowspan=2| state
!rowspan=2| stems
!rowspan=2| coverage
!rowspan=2| location
!rowspan=2 class="unsortable"| primary authors
|-class="sortbottom"
! -2
! -3
|-
|| <code>[[apertium-kum]]</code>
|| [[Kymyk]]
|| къумукъ тил
|| <code>-</code> 
|| <code>kum</code> 
|| HFST (lexc+twol) 
|| working
|align="right"| {{#lst:apertium-kum/stats|stems}}
|align="center"| [[Apertium-kum#Current_State|~{{:Apertium-kum/stats/average}}%]]
|| [[apertium-kum]]&nbsp;([[languages]])
|| [[User:Francis Tyers|Fran]], [[User:Firespeaker|Jonathan]]
|-
| <code>[[apertium-ava]]</code>      
|| [[Avar]]    
|| Магӏарул мацӏ
|| <code>-</code> 
|| <code>ava</code> 
|| HFST (lexc+twol) 
|| development 
|align="right"|{{#lst:apertium-ava/stats|stems}} 
|align="center"|  [[apertium-ava#Current_State|~{{:apertium-ava/stats/average}}%]] 
|| [[apertium-ava]] ([[languages]]) 
|| [[User:Francis Tyers|Fran]],
|-
| <code>[[apertium-nog]]</code>      
|| [[Nogay]]    
|| Ногай тили
|| <code>-</code> 
|| <code>nog</code> 
|| HFST (lexc+twol) 
|| development 
|align="right"|{{#lst:apertium-nog/stats|stems}} 
|align="center"|  [[apertium-nog#Current_State|~{{:apertium-nog/stats/average}}%]] 
|| [[apertium-nog]] ([[languages]]) 
|| [[User:Francis Tyers|Fran]],  [[User:Firespeaker|Jonathan]]
|-
| <code>[[apertium-hye]]</code>      
|| [[Armenian]]
|| 
|| <code>-</code> 
|| <code>hye</code> 
|| HFST (lexc+twol) 
|| development 
|align="right"|{{#lst:apertium-hye/stats|stems}} 
|align="center"|  [[apertium-hye#Current_State|~{{:apertium-hye/stats/average}}%]] 
|| [[apertium-hye]] ([[languages]]) 
|| [[User:Francis Tyers|Fran]],
|-
|| <code>[[apertium-oss]]</code>
|| [[Ossetian]]
||
|| <code>os</code> 
|| <code>oss</code> 
|| [[lttoolbox]]
|| development 

|align="right"|{{#lst:apertium-oss/stats|stems}} 
|align="center"|  [[apertium-oss#Current_State|~{{:apertium-oss/stats/average}}%]] 
|| [[apertium-oss]]&nbsp;([[incubator]])
|| 
|-
| <code>[[apertium-aze]]</code>      
|| [[Azerbaijani]]    
|| Azərbaycan dili
|| <code>az</code> 
|| <code>aze</code> 
|| SFST             
|| not known to work 
||   
||  
|| [[apertium-tur-aze]] ([[staging]]) 
|| [[User:zfe|Gianluca]]

|}

=== Languages by family ===
* [[Turkic languages|Turkic]]: [[Kumyk]], [[Nogay]], Azerbaijani
* Daghestani: [[Avar]], [[Chechen]], [[Ingush]], Lak, Lezgian
* Indo-European: [[Armenian]], [[Ossetian]]
* Kartvelian: Georgian
* North-West Caucasian: Abkhaz, Adyghe

=== Existing language pairs ===
{| style="text-align: center;" class="wikitable"
|- style="background: #ececec"
! !! kum !! nog !! krc !! ava !! che !! oss !! abk !! ady !! inh !! kat !! aze !! hye
|-
| '''kum''' || - ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| '''nog''' ||  || - ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| '''krc''' ||  ||  || - ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| '''ava''' ||  ||  ||  || - ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| '''che''' ||  ||  ||  ||  || - ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| '''oss''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || - ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| '''abk''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || - ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| '''ady''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || - ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| '''inh''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || - ||  ||  || 
|-
| '''kat''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || - ||  || 
|-
| '''aze''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || - || 
|-
| '''hye''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || -
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| '''eng''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || [[Apertium-hye-eng|hye-eng]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-hye-eng/stats|hye-eng_stems}}
|-
| '''kaz''' || ''[[Apertium-kaz-kum|kaz-kum]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-kaz-kum/stats|kaz-kum_stems}} || ''[[Apertium-nog-kaz|nog-kaz]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-nog-kaz/stats|nog-kaz_stems}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| '''rus''' ||  ||  ||  || ''[[Apertium-ava-rus|ava-rus]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-ava-rus/stats|ava-rus_stems}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| '''tur''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || '''''[[Apertium-tur-aze|tur-aze]]'''''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-tur-aze/stats|tur-aze_stems}} || 
|}

== Endangerment ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!rowspan=2| Language
!rowspan=2| ISO639-3
!rowspan=2| Location
!rowspan=2| Speakers
!colspan=2|Status
|-class="sortbottom"
! Ethnologue
! UNESCO
|-
|| Nogay 
|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/nog nog]</code> 
|| Russian Federation 
|align="right"| 87,410 
|| 5 (Developing) 
|| 2 (Definitely endangered)
|-
|| Kumyk 
|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/kum kum]</code> 
|| Russian Federation 
|align="right"| 426,550 
|| 5 (Developing) 
|| 1 (Vulnerable)
|-
|| Ossetic 
|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/oss oss]</code> 
|| Georgia, Russian Federation 
|align="right"| 577,450 
|| 5 (Developing) 
|| 1 (Vulnerable)
|-
|| Kabardian 
|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/kbd kbd]</code> 
|| Russian Federation, Turkey 
|align="right"| 1,628,500 
|| 5 (Developing) 
|| 1 (Vulnerable)
|-
|| Lak 
|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/lbe lbe]</code> 
|| Russian Federation 
|align="right"| 153,170 
|| 4 (Educational) 
|| 1 (Vulnerable)
|-
|| Karachay-Balkar 
|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/krc krc]</code> 
|| Russian Federation 
|align="right"| 310,730 
|| 4 (Educational) 
|| 1 (Vulnerable)
|-
|| Ingush 
|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/inh inh]</code> 
|| Russian Federation 
|align="right"| 322,900 
|| 4 (Educational) 
|| 1 (Vulnerable)
|-
|| Avar 
|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/ava ava]</code> 
|| Russian Federation 
|align="right"| 761,960 
|| 4 (Educational) 
|| 1 (Vulnerable)
|-
|| Lezgi 
|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/lez lez]</code> 
|| Azerbaijan, Russian Federation 
|align="right"| 788,720 
|| 4 (Educational) 
|| 1 (Vulnerable)
|-
|| Abkhaz 
|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/abk abk]</code> 
|| Georgia, Russian Federation, Turkey 
|align="right"| 112,740 
|| 2 (Provincial) 
|| 1 (Vulnerable)
|-
|| Adyghe 
|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/ady ady]</code> 
|| Iraq, Israel, Jordan, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Russian Federation, Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey 
|align="right"| 491,800 
|| 2 (Provincial) 
|| 1 (Vulnerable)
|-
|| Chechen 
|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/che che]</code> 
|| Russian Federation 
|align="right"| 1,361,000 
|| 2 (Provincial) 
|| 1 (Vulnerable)
|-
|| Georgian 
|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/kat kat]</code> 
|| Georgia 
|align="right"| 4,237,710 
|| 1 (National) 
|| -
|-
|| Armenian 
|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/hye hye]</code> 
|| Armenia & Georgia, Russian Federation 
|align="right"| 5,924,320 
|| 1 (National) 
|| 3 (Severely endangered)
|-
|| Azerbaijani, Northern 
|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/azj azj]</code> 
|| Azerbaijan 
|align="right"| 7,324,270 
|| 1 (National) 
|| -
|}

== Examples ==
* [[UDHR]]

{|class=wikitable
! Language !! Text
|-
|| Ossetian || Адӕймӕгтӕ се' ппӕт дӕр райгуырынц сӕрибарӕй ӕмӕ ӕмхуызонӕй сӕ барты. Уыдон ӕххӕст сты зонд ӕмӕ намысӕй, ӕмӕ кӕрӕдзийӕн хъуамӕ уой ӕфсымӕрты хуызӕн.
|-
|| Abkhaz || Дарбанзаалак ауаҩы дшоуп ихы дақәиҭны. Ауаа зегь зинлеи патулеи еиҟароуп. Урҭ ирымоуп ахшыҩи аламыси, дара дарагь аешьеи аешьеи реиҧш еизыҟазароуп.
|-
|| Georgian || ყველა ადამიანი იბადება თავისუფალი და თანასწორი თავისი ღირსებითა და უფლებებით. მათ მინიჭებული აქვთ გონება და სინდისი და ერთმანეთის მიმართ უნდა იქცეოდნენ ძმობის სულისკვეთებით.
|-
|| Armenian || Բոլոր մարդիկ ծնվում են ազատ ու հավասար իրենց արժանապատվությամբ ու իրավունքներով։ Նրանք ունեն բանականություն ու խիղճ և միմյանց պետք է եղբայրաբար վերաբերվեն։
|}