English

English (Wikipedia:English language) is a West Germanic language. It is available in Apertium as a standalone analyser/generator (apertium-eng) and as a component of several pairs which translate to/from English.

Language pairs

See also: List of language pairs

In trunk:

Pair name	Languages	Last update
apertium-cy-en	Welsh <-> English	13 Dec 2015
apertium-en-ca	English <-> Catalan	28 Mar 2016
apertium-en-es	English <-> Spanish	11 Apr 2017
apertium-en-gl	English <-> Galician	15 Jul 2016
apertium-eo-en	Esperanto <-> English	13 Dec 2015
apertium-eu-en	Basque --> English	13 Dec 2015
apertium-hbs-eng	Serbo-Croatian <-> English	15 Oct 2014
apertium-isl-eng	Icelandic --> English	02 Mar 2016
apertium-mk-en	Macedonian --> English	12 Oct 2014

In staging:

Pair name	Languages	Last update
apertium-eng-kaz	English <-> Kazakh	14 Apr 2017

In nursery:

Pair name	Languages	Last update
apertium-bg-en	Bulgarian <-> English	09 Jun 2014
apertium-en-pt	English <-> Portuguese	09 Jun 2014
apertium-eng-afr	English <-> Afrikaans	18 Nov 2016
apertium-eng-deu	English <-> German	13 Apr 2017
apertium-eng-hin	English <-> Hindi	12 Jan 2017
apertium-fin-eng	Finnish <-> English	07 Jun 2015
apertium-hye-eng	Armenian --> English	22 Jan 2013
apertium-nor-eng	Norwegian <-> English	25 Apr 2016

In incubator:

Pair name	Languages	Last update
apertium-asm-eng	Assamese <-> English	04 Jan 2016
apertium-bn-en	Bengali <-> English	04 Jan 2016
apertium-ckb-eng	Central Kurdish <-> English	13 Oct 2016
apertium-ell-eng	Modern Greek <-> English	29 Sep 2015
apertium-en-ga	English -?- Irish	13 Dec 2016
apertium-en-it	English <-> Italian	26 Jun 2015
apertium-en-lt	English -?- Lithuanian	07 Dec 2010
apertium-en-lv	English -?- Latvian	26 Jun 2015
apertium-en-mt	English -?- Maltese	19 Jun 2011
apertium-en-nl	English <-> Dutch	29 Apr 2011
apertium-en-pl	English <-> Polish	26 Jun 2015
apertium-en-sq	English --> Albanian	31 Aug 2010
apertium-eng-cat	English <-> Catalan	24 Jan 2016
apertium-eng-ina	English <-> Interlingua	13 Jan 2017
apertium-eng-ita	English <-> Italian	08 Jan 2017
apertium-eng-lvs	English <-> Standard Latvian	09 Jun 2014
apertium-eng-pes	English <-> Iranian Persian	11 Aug 2015
apertium-eng-sco	English <-> Scots	01 Apr 2017
apertium-eng-tel	English <-> Telugu	26 Jun 2015
apertium-fra-eng	French <-> English	24 Mar 2017
apertium-gle-eng	Irish <-> English	01 Feb 2016
apertium-ht-en	Haitian Creole --> English	04 Jan 2016
apertium-hun-eng	Hungarian --> English	19 Jan 2016
apertium-kmr-eng	Kmer ? <-> English	06 Mar 2017
apertium-ky-en	Kyrgyz -?- English	29 Jun 2011
apertium-la-en	Latin -?- English	01 Dec 2011
apertium-lat-eng	Latin <-> English	11 Jan 2017
apertium-mal-eng	Malayalam <-> English	04 Jan 2016
apertium-mar-eng	Marathi --> English	12 May 2013
apertium-mfe-en	Morisyen --> English	19 Jun 2010
apertium-ne-en	Nepali <-> English	26 Jun 2015
apertium-pes-eng	Iranian Persian <-> English	11 Mar 2017
apertium-rus-eng	Russian -?- English	18 May 2014
apertium-sah-eng	Yakut -?- English	18 Mar 2015
apertium-si-en	Sinhala <-> English	26 Jun 2015
apertium-sjo-eng	Xibe --> English	09 Nov 2014
apertium-swa-eng	Swahili -?- English	17 Dec 2016
apertium-swe-eng	Swedish <-> English	17 Dec 2016
apertium-tha-eng	Thai <-> English	03 Dec 2016
apertium-tr-en	Turkish <-- English	04 Aug 2011
apertium-vi-en	Vietnamese --> English	24 Oct 2010

Apertium-eng

Current status

Last update: 28 Aug 2017

Dix entries: 54,453

Dix paradigms: 377

Coverage: 93.55% (Wikipedia)

Dictionary guidelines

The current English dictionary is quite big (nearly 55,000 entries), so tidiness is essential to ensure future development:

• Keep entries sorted alphabetically.
• Keep entries grouped by type and tags (do not mix different types of proper nouns together).
• Check the file with apertium-dixtools (to update the number of entries and remove duplicates).

Spelling variants

The standard spelling variant in Apertium is British English. American English spelling entries are officially supported using v="eng" in the original British entry and v="eng_US" in the American entry, which should be a subform of the first one.

Tagger

Apertium-eng currently uses a tagger trained in a supervised manner using a hand-tagged corpus and a perceptron. The corpus can be found here, and should be modified after any tag change in the monolingual dictionary to make sure it matches the current status of the language module. The MTX file for English has no rules defined for now, but it should improve disambiguation after some restrictions are added.

The tagger can be trained with the perceptron using the following command (see Perceptron tagger):

$ apertium-tagger -xs 10 eng.prob eng.tagged eng.untagged apertium-eng.eng.mtx

Note: in the example above, "10" is the number of iterations, "eng.tagged" is the hand-tagged corpus and "eng.untagged" is the corpus tagged by apertium-tagger.

Before making changes to the hand-tagged corpus, make sure you have read the tagging guidelines. A good corpus is the key to a good tagger!

Constraint Grammar

Apertium-eng currently has 38 CG rules. There is a lot of room for disambiguation improvement using CG, but ideally some rules should be moved to the tagger MTX.

Future work

• Improve support of British/American ortography variants.

For further documentation about English in Apertium, check: Category:English