Xhosa

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The Xhosa Language

Xhosa (Wikipedia: Xhosa language) is a (Wikipedia: Nguni Bantu) language spoken mainly in Africa. Its widespread use is not very common and only has a small number of individuals enacting the language (11 million)


Apertium Language Pairs

Currently, on Apertium, the language of Xhosa is recorded to have one language pair:

(list of language pairs)

Computational Linguistics/Comparative Studies

Comparative Study: Zulu - Xhosa

Xhosa Cross Linguistics


Linguistic Grammar

Xhosa contains multiple prefixes and suffixes which are attached to root words. Thus, the language is declassified into fifteen morphological classes or genders. Furthermore, the language is unique based on its tones, the phonemic low, and high tones;

  • they are a [à], á [á], â [áà], ä [àá]. Long vowels are phonemic but are usually not written, except for â and ä

The usage of uncommon consonants is dominant throughout the language in the version of clicks. The language uses 21 clicks (7 dental), however, the number of clicks varies based on each region (Namibia and Botswana primarily)

Examples

  • ukudlala - to play
  • ukubona - to see
  • umntwana - a child
  • abantwana - children
  • umntwana uyadlala - the child plays
  • abantwana bayadlala - the children play
  • indoda - a man
  • amadoda - men
  • indoda iyambona umntwana - the man sees the child
  • amadoda ayababona abantwana - the men see the children
  • Zonke zinto ezilungile zivela kuThixo - all things that are good proceed from God.


Bilingual/Monolingual Dictionaries

(most are mainly decoded within English subtexts and contexts)

Due to the language being indigenous and mostly forgotten as a dialect of the older remnants of Africa, many dictionaries could not be found so many of these dictionaries are transcribed to the modern English meanings

Monolingual/Parallel Corpora

http://corpora.uni-leipzig.de/en?corpusId=deu_newscrawl_2011 - Leipzig Corpora Collection (offers Zulu to Xhosa) http://curl.corpora.uni-leipzig.de/ - Crawling Under-Resourced Languages Koliswa Moropa (2007) - English/Xhosa Parallel Corpus: http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/5762/MOROPA%20ARTICLEs7.pdf?sequence=1