Difference between revisions of "User:Firespeaker/Turkic aorist"

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== Definitions ==
  
== Definitions ==
−
* '''Gnomic''' is about general truths, devoid of time references, e.g. "Teachers write lessons."
 +
* '''Gnomic''' is about general truths, devoid of time references.
  +
** e.g. "Teachers write lessons." / ... / "I like rain." / "Salespeople buy lots of cars."
−
* '''Habitual''' is about events that occur regularly, e.g. "The teacher writes an exercise every day."
  
−
* '''Episodic''' is about single events that occur in episodes across some span of time (in this case with undefined beginnings and ends), e.g. "The teacher is writing a book."
 +
* '''Habitual''' is about events that occur regularly.
  +
** e.g. "The teacher writes an exercise every day." / "It rains in the spring." / "I like rain when it's warm." (maybe gnomic?) / "I buy a new car every two years."
⚫
* '''Progressive/continuous''' is about an event that is in the process of occurring at the referenced time, e.g. "The teacher is writing an exercise for the students."
  
  +
* '''Episodic''' is about single events that occur in episodes across some span of time (in this case with undefined beginnings and ends).
⚫
* '''Future''' is anything that happens in the future. In the situations below it mostly includes a gnomic, habitual, or perfective aspect too, e.g. "The teacher will write lessons"/"an exercise every day"/"a book".
  
  +
** e.g. "The teacher is writing a book." / ... / "I'm liking this rainy weather." / "I'm [in the drawn-out process of] buying a car.
  ⚫
* '''Progressive/continuous''' is about an event that is in the process of occurring at the referenced time.
  +
** e.g. "The teacher is writing an exercise for the students." / "It's raining outside right now." / ... / "I'm buying a car right now [I'll call you back]."
  ⚫
* '''Future''' is anything that happens in the future. In the situations below it mostly includes a gnomic, habitual, or perfective aspect too.
  +
** e.g. "The teacher will write lessons"/"an exercise every day"/"a book". / "It's going to rain tomorrow." / "I'll like this movie when I see it." / "I'm going to buy a car soon."
   
 
== Table ==
  
== Table ==
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{|class="wikitable"
  
{|class="wikitable"
 
|-
  
|-
−
! aspect !! Kyrgz !! Kazakh !! Tatar !! Turkish !! Turkmen !! (Khalkha)
 +
! aspect !! Kyrgz !! Kazakh !! Tatar !! Turkish !! Turkmen !! Sakha !! (Khalkha)
 
|-
  
|-
−
| gnomic || жазат || жазады || яза || yazıyor, yazar || ýazýar, ýazar || бичдэг, бичнэ
 +
| gnomic || жазат || жазады || яза || yazıyor, yazar || ýazýar, ýazar || суруйар || бичдэг, бичнэ<ref>the latter only with "stative" verbs</ref>
 
|-
  
|-
−
| habitual || жазат || жазады || яза || yazıyor, yazar || ýazýar, ýazar || бичдэг
 +
| habitual || жазат || жазады || яза || yazıyor, yazar || ýazýar, ýazar || суруйар ||бичдэг
 
|-
  
|-
−
| episodic || жазып жүрөт || жазып жүр || яза || yazıyor || бичиж байна
 +
| episodic || жазып жүрөт || жазып жүр || яза || yazıyor || || суруйар || бичиж байна, бичдэг байна (?)
 
|-
  
|-
 
| progressive/continuous
  
| progressive/continuous
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| yazıyor
  
| yazıyor
 
| ýazıp ýatyr
  
| ýazıp ýatyr
  +
| суруйар
 
| бичиж байна
  
| бичиж байна
 
|-
  
|-
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| yazacak, (yazar?)
  
| yazacak, (yazar?)
 
| ýazar, ýazjak
  
| ýazar, ýazjak
  +
| суруйоҕа
 
| бичнэ
  
| бичнэ
 
|}
  
|}
   
  +
=== Notes and references ===
−  
  +
<references/>
 
[https://ling.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/alumni%20senior%20essays/CaroSeniorEssay.pdf This paper] has a good literature review and discussion of the Turkish forms.
  
[https://ling.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/alumni%20senior%20essays/CaroSeniorEssay.pdf This paper] has a good literature review and discussion of the Turkish forms.

Latest revision as of 16:37, 26 April 2021

"aorist"

Definitions[edit]

  • Gnomic is about general truths, devoid of time references.
    • e.g. "Teachers write lessons." / ... / "I like rain." / "Salespeople buy lots of cars."
  • Habitual is about events that occur regularly.
    • e.g. "The teacher writes an exercise every day." / "It rains in the spring." / "I like rain when it's warm." (maybe gnomic?) / "I buy a new car every two years."
  • Episodic is about single events that occur in episodes across some span of time (in this case with undefined beginnings and ends).
    • e.g. "The teacher is writing a book." / ... / "I'm liking this rainy weather." / "I'm [in the drawn-out process of] buying a car.
  • Progressive/continuous is about an event that is in the process of occurring at the referenced time.
    • e.g. "The teacher is writing an exercise for the students." / "It's raining outside right now." / ... / "I'm buying a car right now [I'll call you back]."
  • Future is anything that happens in the future. In the situations below it mostly includes a gnomic, habitual, or perfective aspect too.
    • e.g. "The teacher will write lessons"/"an exercise every day"/"a book". / "It's going to rain tomorrow." / "I'll like this movie when I see it." / "I'm going to buy a car soon."

Table[edit]

aspect Kyrgz Kazakh Tatar Turkish Turkmen Sakha (Khalkha)
gnomic жазат жазады яза yazıyor, yazar ýazýar, ýazar суруйар бичдэг, бичнэ[1]
habitual жазат жазады яза yazıyor, yazar ýazýar, ýazar суруйар бичдэг
episodic жазып жүрөт жазып жүр яза yazıyor суруйар бичиж байна, бичдэг байна (?)
progressive/continuous жазып жатат жазып жатыр яза yazıyor ýazıp ýatyr суруйар бичиж байна
future жазат жазады язачак, язар yazacak, (yazar?) ýazar, ýazjak суруйоҕа бичнэ

Notes and references[edit]

  1. ↑ the latter only with "stative" verbs

This paper has a good literature review and discussion of the Turkish forms.

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