Difference between revisions of "Uralic languages"

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{|class="wikitable sortable"
 
{|class="wikitable sortable"
 
! Language !! ISO639-3 !! Areas !! Vulnerability
 
! Language !! ISO639-3 !! Areas !! Vulnerability
  +
|-
  +
|| Akkala Saami
  +
|align="center"| <code>sia</code>
  +
|| Russian Federation
  +
|| 5 - Extinct
  +
|-
  +
|| Central Selkup
  +
|align="center"| <code>sel</code>
  +
|| Russian Federation
  +
|| 4 - Critically endangered
  +
|-
  +
|| Tundra Enets
  +
|align="center"| <code>enh</code>
  +
|| Russian Federation
  +
|| 4 - Critically endangered
  +
|-
  +
|| Forest Enets
  +
|align="center"| <code>enf</code>
  +
|| Russian Federation
  +
|| 4 - Critically endangered
  +
|-
  +
|| Pite Saami
  +
|align="center"| <code>sje</code>
  +
|| Norway, Sweden
  +
|| 4 - Critically endangered
  +
|-
  +
|| Ume Saami
  +
|align="center"| <code>sju</code>
  +
|| Sweden
  +
|| 4 - Critically endangered
  +
|-
  +
|| Ter Saami
  +
|align="center"| <code>sjt</code>
  +
|| Russian Federation
  +
|| 4 - Critically endangered
  +
|-
  +
|| Vote
  +
|align="center"| <code>vot</code>
  +
|| Russian Federation
  +
|| 4 - Critically endangered
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Livonian
 
|| Livonian
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|| Latvia
 
|| Latvia
 
|| 4 - Critically endangered
 
|| 4 - Critically endangered
  +
|-
  +
|| Eastern Mansi
  +
|align="center"| <code>mns</code>
  +
|| Russian Federation
  +
|| 4 - Critically endangered
  +
|-
  +
|| Nganasan
  +
|align="center"| <code>nio</code>
  +
|| Russian Federation
  +
|| 3 - Severely endangered
  +
|-
  +
|| Forest Nenets
  +
|align="center"| <code>yrk</code>
  +
|| Russian Federation
  +
|| 3 - Severely endangered
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| South Saami
 
|| South Saami
Line 320: Line 375:
 
|| 3 - Severely endangered
 
|| 3 - Severely endangered
 
|-
 
|-
|| Csángó Hungarian
+
|| Skolt Saami
|align="center"| <code>hun</code>
+
|align="center"| <code>sms</code>
  +
|| Finland, Norway, Russian Federation
|| Romania
 
  +
|| 3 - Severely endangered
  +
|-
  +
|| Kildin Saami
  +
|align="center"| <code>sjd</code>
  +
|| Russian Federation
  +
|| 3 - Severely endangered
  +
|-
  +
|| Inari Saami
  +
|align="center"| <code>smn</code>
  +
|| Finland
 
|| 3 - Severely endangered
 
|| 3 - Severely endangered
 
|-
 
|-
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|| 3 - Severely endangered
 
|| 3 - Severely endangered
 
|-
 
|-
|| Võro-Seto
+
|| Veps
|align="center"| <code>est</code>
+
|align="center"| <code>vep</code>
|| Estonia, Russian Federation
+
|| Russian Federation
|| 2 - Definitely endangered
+
|| 3 - Severely endangered
 
|-
 
|-
|| Eastern Mari
+
|| Lude
|align="center"| <code>mhr</code>
+
|align="center"| <code>lud</code>
 
|| Russian Federation
 
|| Russian Federation
  +
|| 3 - Severely endangered
  +
|-
  +
|| Ingrian
  +
|align="center"| <code>izh</code>
  +
|| Russian Federation
  +
|| 3 - Severely endangered
  +
|-
  +
|| Csángó Hungarian
  +
|align="center"| <code>hun</code>
  +
|| Romania
  +
|| 3 - Severely endangered
  +
|-
  +
|| North Saami
  +
|align="center"| <code>sme</code>
  +
|| Finland, Norway, Russian Federation, Sweden
 
|| 2 - Definitely endangered
 
|| 2 - Definitely endangered
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Komi
 
|| Komi
 
|align="center"| <code>kpv</code>
 
|align="center"| <code>kpv</code>
  +
|| Russian Federation
  +
|| 2 - Definitely endangered
  +
|-
  +
|| Permyak
  +
|align="center"| <code>koi</code>
 
|| Russian Federation
 
|| Russian Federation
 
|| 2 - Definitely endangered
 
|| 2 - Definitely endangered
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|| 2 - Definitely endangered
 
|| 2 - Definitely endangered
 
|-
 
|-
|| North Saami
+
|| Moksha
|align="center"| <code>sme</code>
+
|align="center"| <code>mdf</code>
|| Finland, Norway, Russian Federation, Sweden
+
|| Russian Federation
  +
|| 2 - Definitely endangered
  +
|-
  +
|| Erzya
  +
|align="center"| <code>myv</code>
  +
|| Russian Federation
  +
|| 2 - Definitely endangered
  +
|-
  +
|| Eastern Mari
  +
|align="center"| <code>mhr</code>
  +
|| Russian Federation
 
|| 2 - Definitely endangered
 
|| 2 - Definitely endangered
 
|-
 
|-
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|| 2 - Definitely endangered
 
|| 2 - Definitely endangered
 
|-
 
|-
  +
|| Karelian (Karelia)
|| Erzya
 
|align="center"| <code>myv</code>
+
|align="center"| <code>krl</code>
  +
|| Finland, Russian Federation
  +
|| 2 - Definitely endangered
  +
|-
  +
|| Eastern Khanty
  +
|align="center"| <code>kca</code>
 
|| Russian Federation
 
|| Russian Federation
 
|| 2 - Definitely endangered
 
|| 2 - Definitely endangered

Revision as of 23:10, 1 January 2014

The Uralic languages (urj) constitute a language family of some three dozen related languages descended from a Proto-Uralic language and spoken by more than 25 million people throughout Europe and Northern Asia. Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian are the Uralic languages with the most native speakers.

The master plan involves generating independent finite-state transducers for each language, and then making individual dictionaries and transfer rules for every pair. The current status of these goals is listed below.

Status

The ultimate goal is to have multi-purposable transducers for a variety of Uralic languages. These can then be paired for X→Y translation with the addition of a CG for language X and transfer rules / dictionary for the pair X→Y. Below is listed development progress for each language's transducers and dictionary pairs.

Transducers

Once a transducer has ~80% coverage on a range of medium-large corpora we can say it is "working". Over 90% and it can be considered to be "production".

name language native name ISO 639 formalism state stems paradigms coverage location primary authors
-2 -3
apertium-fin Finnish Suomen kieli fi fin lttoolbox production 408,216 1,526 apertium-fin (languages) Trond, mie
apertium-myv Erzya eŕźań keĺ myv HFST (lexc+twol) development apertium-myv-fin (incubator) Fran, Jack Rueter
apertium-mrj Hill Mari Мары йӹлмӹ mrj HFST (lexc+twol) development apertium-mrj-fin (incubator) Fran, kuprina, jackrueter
apertium-olo Livvi-Karelian Livvi olo HFST (lexc+twol) development apertium-olo-fin (incubator) Fran, rantakau, jackrueter
apertium-fkv Kven Kainun kieli fkv HFST (lexc+twol) prototype apertium-fkv-fin (incubator) Fran, nikerabbit
apertium-sme Northern Sami davvisámegiella sm sme HFST (lexc+twol) prototype apertium-eus-sme (incubator) Linda
apertium-udm Udmurt удмурт кыл udm HFST (lexc+twol) prototype apertium-udm-rus (nursery) Fran, Trond, Andrey, Лукерья, Алексей
apertium-hun Hungarian magyar hu hun lttoolbox prototype 138 50 apertium-hun (incubator) mie
apertium-kpv Komi-Zyrian Коми кыв kpv HFST (lexc+twol) prototype apertium-kpv-mhr (incubator) Fran, Trond, Fedina, Andrei Chemyshev
apertium-mhr Meadow Mari Олык Марий mhr HFST (lexc+twol) prototype apertium-kpv-mhr (incubator) Fran, Fedina, Andrei Chemyshev
apertium-est Estonian eesti keel et est HFST (lexc+twol) prototype apertium-fin-est (incubator) Fran
apertium-smj Lule Sami julevsámegiella smj lttoolbox prototype apertium-sme-smj (incubator) Fran, Linda
apertium-liv Livonian līvõ kēļ liv HFST (lexc+twol) ? apertium-liv-fin (incubator) Fran, rblumber, jackrueter
apertium-sma Southern Sami Åarjelsaemien gïele sma lttoolbox ? apertium-sme-sma (nursery) Fran, Trond, rtxanson, leneant, makappfj

Uralic languages by subgroup

All Uralic languages are thought to have descended, through independent processes of language change, from Proto-Uralic. The traditional classification is as follows:

Existing language pairs

Text in italic denotes language pairs under development / in the incubator. Regular text denotes a functioning language pair in staging, while text in bold denotes a stable well-working language pair in trunk.

hun fin fkv liv olo mrj myv udm kpv sme sma mhr est smj
hun - fin-hun
fin fin-hun
- fkv-fin
liv-fin
olo-fin
mrj-fin
myv-fin
fin-udm
kpv-fin
sme-fin
fin-est
fkv fkv-fin
-
liv liv-fin
-
olo olo-fin
-
mrj mrj-fin
-
myv myv-fin
-
udm fin-udm
-
kpv kpv-fin
- kpv-mhr
sme sme-fin
- sme-sma
sme-smj
sma sme-sma
-
mhr kpv-mhr
-
est fin-est
-
smj sme-smj
-
deu sme-deu
eng hun-eng
fin-eng
epo eo-hu
eo-fi
eus eu-hu
eus-sme
nob sme-nob
rus udm-rus
spa sme-spa

Samples

Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Language Text
Finnish Kaikki ihmiset syntyvät vapaina ja tasavertaisina arvoltaan ja oikeuksiltaan. Heille on annettu järki ja omatunto, ja heidän on toimittava toisiaan kohtaan veljeyden hengessä.
Saami, Northern Buot olbmot leat riegádan friddjan ja olmmošárvvu ja olmmošvuoigatvuoðaid dáfus dássásažžab, Sudhuude kea addib huervnu ha ianedivdym ha vyigjat gakget neabbydut gyunnuudeaset gyivdy vuekhakaš vuoiŋŋain.
Hungarian Minden. emberi lény szabadon születik és egyenlő méltósága és joga van. Az emberek, ésszel és lelkiismerettel bírván, egymással szemben testvéri szellemben kell hogy viseltessenek.
Estonian Kõik inimesed sünnivad vabadena ja võrdsetena oma väärikuselt ja õigustelt. Neile on antud mõistus ja südametunnistus ja nende suhtumist üksteisesse peab kandma vendluse vaim.

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article "Uralic languages", which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Vulnerability

This table summarizes the vulnerability of various Uralic languages. Data is derived from the ‘Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, © UNESCO, http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas’.

Language ISO639-3 Areas Vulnerability
Akkala Saami sia Russian Federation 5 - Extinct
Central Selkup sel Russian Federation 4 - Critically endangered
Tundra Enets enh Russian Federation 4 - Critically endangered
Forest Enets enf Russian Federation 4 - Critically endangered
Pite Saami sje Norway, Sweden 4 - Critically endangered
Ume Saami sju Sweden 4 - Critically endangered
Ter Saami sjt Russian Federation 4 - Critically endangered
Vote vot Russian Federation 4 - Critically endangered
Livonian liv Latvia 4 - Critically endangered
Eastern Mansi mns Russian Federation 4 - Critically endangered
Nganasan nio Russian Federation 3 - Severely endangered
Forest Nenets yrk Russian Federation 3 - Severely endangered
South Saami sma Norway, Sweden 3 - Severely endangered
Lule Saami smj Norway, Sweden 3 - Severely endangered
Skolt Saami sms Finland, Norway, Russian Federation 3 - Severely endangered
Kildin Saami sjd Russian Federation 3 - Severely endangered
Inari Saami smn Finland 3 - Severely endangered
Western Mari mrj Russian Federation 3 - Severely endangered
Veps vep Russian Federation 3 - Severely endangered
Lude lud Russian Federation 3 - Severely endangered
Ingrian izh Russian Federation 3 - Severely endangered
Csángó Hungarian hun Romania 3 - Severely endangered
North Saami sme Finland, Norway, Russian Federation, Sweden 2 - Definitely endangered
Komi kpv Russian Federation 2 - Definitely endangered
Permyak koi Russian Federation 2 - Definitely endangered
Udmurt udm Russian Federation 2 - Definitely endangered
Moksha mdf Russian Federation 2 - Definitely endangered
Erzya myv Russian Federation 2 - Definitely endangered
Eastern Mari mhr Russian Federation 2 - Definitely endangered
Olonetsian olo Finland, Russian Federation 2 - Definitely endangered
Karelian (Karelia) krl Finland, Russian Federation 2 - Definitely endangered
Eastern Khanty kca Russian Federation 2 - Definitely endangered

See also