Difference between revisions of "Turkish and Azerbaijani"

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===Noun===
 
===Noun===
  +
  +
* <code>abs</code> &mdash; absolute
  +
* <code>dac</code> &mdash; definite-accusative
  +
* <code>dat</code> &mdash; dative
  +
* <code>abl</code> &mdash; ablative
  +
* <code>loc</code> &mdash; locative
  +
* <code>gen</code> &mdash; genitive
   
 
===Turkish===
 
===Turkish===

Revision as of 16:48, 17 August 2007

Noun morphology

Turkish has several cases:

absolute, definite-accusative, dative, locative, ablative, genitive

It also has pronominal clitics.

Typically these are applied in the following order:

  1. plural suffix
  2. suffix of possession
  3. case-ending
  4. personal suffix
kitap for ex. is the stem
kitap + plural + pronoun 
kitaplar is the "books"

a noun has five cases

object direction is the "i case"

give me that book for ex.
bana o kitabı ver

"that book"
kitabı 

that is directed to object

from that book = kitaptan
in that book = kitapta

"from my book"
kitab+ım+dan

"from my books"
kitap+lar+ım+dan

Agglutination case

verb= gitmek stem=git

I'm going = gidiyorum (tr) 
          = gidirem (azerbaijani)

gid+iyor+um (present continous, pr1, turkish)
gid+ir+em  (present continous, pr1, azerbaijani)

git (lemma) -i -yor (for continous tense) -um (for first personal pronoun)   (turkish)
git (lemma) -i -r(for continous tense)  -em (for first personal pronoun)  (azerbaijani)


Test case

  • Turkish: biram var.
  • Azerbaijani: pivəm var

beer+p1 have

I have a beer.

  • Turkish: iki biram var
  • Azerbijani: iki pivəm var

two beer+p1 have

I have two beers

Noun

  • abs — absolute
  • dac — definite-accusative
  • dat — dative
  • abl — ablative
  • loc — locative
  • gen — genitive

Turkish

person n.sg.abs n.sg.dac n.sg.dat n.sg.loc n.sg.abl n.sg.gen
none bira
p1.sg biram
p2.sg
p3.sg
p1.pl
p2.pl
p3.pl
person n.pl.abs n.pl.dac n.pl.dat n.pl.loc n.pl.abl n.pl.gen
none biralar
p1.sg biralarım
p2.sg
p3.sg
p1.pl
p2.pl
p3.pl

Azerbaijani

person n.sg.abs n.sg.dac n.sg.dat n.sg.loc n.sg.abl n.sg.gen
none pivə
p1.sg pivəm
p2.sg
p3.sg
p1.pl
p2.pl
p3.pl
person n.pl.abs n.pl.dac n.pl.dat n.pl.loc n.pl.abl n.pl.gen
none pivəler
p1.sg pivəlerim
p2.sg
p3.sg
p1.pl
p2.pl
p3.pl

Comparison

Turkish Azerbaijani Gloss Symbols
bira pivə beer n.sg
biralar pivəler beers n.pl
biram pivəm my beer n.sg.p1
biralarım pivəlerim my beers n.pl.p1
biradan pivədən from the beer n.sg.fromcase
biralardan pivələrdən from the beers n.pl.fromcase
biramdan pivəmdən from my beer n.sg.p1.fromcase
biralarımdan pivlərimdən from my beers n.pl.p1.fromcase

Verb

Turkish Azerbaijani Gloss
var var I have
You have
He has
She has
It has
You (pl.) have
We have
They have