Syntactic labels

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In some language pairs, syntactic function labels are used to improve disambiguation, or allow tighter transfer rules to be written. For example, disambiguating verb phrase co-ordinators from noun phrase co-ordinators lets you write transfer rules to merge two co-ordinated NPs.

Apertium processes left-to-right longest match, so if we have the following sentence,

  • John kicked the ball and Mary caught it.

And we have a rule for noun cc noun, then we will get the following analysis,

  • John kicked the [ball] and [Mary]

But if we can tag the conjunction as being a global conjunction, then we can avoid lumping the subject of the second sentence with the object of the first sentence.

  • [John kicked the ball] and [Mary caught it]

Example

$ echo "Gud talaði øll hesi orð og segði Hann:" | lt-proc fo-is.automorf.bin | cg-proc fo-is.rlx.bin 
  ^Gud/Gud<np><al><m><sg><acc><@OBJ→>/Gud<np><al><m><sg><nom><@SUBJ→>$ 
  ^talaði/tala<vblex><past><p2><sg><@+FMAINV>/tala<vblex><past><p3><sg><@+FMAINV>$ 
  ^øll/allur<prn><qnt><nt><pl><acc><@←OBJ>$ 
  ^hesi/hesin<prn><dem><nt><pl><acc><@←OBJ>$ 
  ^orð/orð<n><nt><sg><acc><ind><@←OBJ>/orð<n><nt><pl><acc><ind><@←OBJ>$ 
  ^og/og<cnjcoo><@CNP>/og<cnjsub><@CVP>$ 
  ^segði/siga<vblex><past><p3><sg><@+FMAINV>$ 
  ^Hann/Prnpers<prn><p3><m><sg><nom><@←SUBJ>$^:/:<sent>$

Here, we could for example have a rule that moves subjects of a finite main verb that are to the right, to the left. e.g. @+FMAINV @←SUBJ to @→SUBJ @+FMAINV as is the order in English.

Standard syntax tags

These are the uniform tags used in many Giellatekno projects. It isn't necessary to implement all of the analysis, even implementing part of it can prove useful in writing transfer or lexical selection rules.

Tag Description Examples
@←SUBJ Subject, head verb to the left
@SUBJ→ Subject, head verb to the right
@←OBJ Direct object, head verb to the left
@OBJ→ Direct object, head verb to the right
@←IOBJ Indirect object, head verb to the left
@IOBJ→ Indirect object, head verb to the right
@→N Noun modifier, head noun to the right
@N← Noun modifier, head noun to the left
@→A Adjective modifier, head noun to the right
@A← Adjective modifier, head noun to the left
@IM
@SPRED Subject predicate,
@←SPRED Subject predicate, She is my sister, She is blue
@SPRED→ Subject predicate,
@OPRED Object predicate,
@←OPRED Object predicate,
@OPRED→ Object predicate,
@+FAUXV Finite auxiliary verb
@-FAUXV Non-finite auxiliary verb
@+FMAINV Finite main verb
@-FMAINV Non-finite main verb
@-FSUBJ→ Subject of a non-finite verb
@-F←OBJ Object of a non-finite verb
@-FOBJ→ Object of a non-finite verb
@SPRED←OBJ
@-FADVL
@←ADVL Adverbial modifier, head to the left
@ADVL→ Adverbial modifier, head to the right
@ADVL Adverbial modifier
@P← Complement of a preposition
@CNP Local conjunction or subjunction
@CVP Conjunction or subjunction that joins finite-verb phrases
@→CS
@CNP-VP Ambiguous co-ordinator
@APP Apposition
@ICL-ADVL Non-finite subclause ...
@ICL-AUX← "right" argument of auxiliary (?)
@ICL-OBJ Non-finite subclause ...
@ICL-STA Non-finite subclause ...
@HNOUN Noun phrase fragment
@X No analysis

External links