Recursive transfer

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Deliverables

Deliverable 1

Deliverable 2

  • Program which takes output of lt-proc -b (biltrans) and applies a grammar, doing only reordering (and "insertion"/"deletion"), no tag changes
    • The input would be ^sl/tl$ and the output would be ^tl$
    • The grammar can be specified using a simple text-based CFG grammar formalism, converted into bison and compiled.
Input
^Hau<prn><dem><sg>/This<prn><dem><sg>$ 
^irabazle<n>/winner<n><ND>$ 
^bat<num><sg>/a<det><ind><sg>$ 
^en<post>/of<pr>$ 
^historia<n>/story<n><ND>$ 
^a<det><art><sg>/the<det><def><sg>$ 
^izan<vbsint><pri><NR_HU>/be<vbser><pri><NR_HU>$
^.<sent>/.<sent>$
Output
^This<prn><dem><sg>$ 
^be<vbser><pri><NR_HU>$
^the<det><def><sg>$ 
^story<n><ND>$ 
^of<pr>$ 
^a<det><ind><sg>$ 
^winner<n><ND>$ 
^.<sent>$
Grammar
S -> SN SV sent { $1 $2 $3 }
SV -> SN v { $2 $1 }
SN -> N3 art { $2 $1 } | N3 { $1 } 
N3 -> SNGen N2 { $2 $1 } | N2 { $1 } 
N2 -> nom { $1 } | prn { $1 } 
SNGen -> SN genpost { $2 $1 }
sent -> "sent" { $1 } 
v -> "vbser.*" { $1 } | "vblex.*" { $1 } 
art -> "det.art.*" { $1 } | "num.sg" { $1 } 
nom -> "n" { $1 } 
prn -> "prn.*" { $1 } 

Deliverable 3

  • An XML format for the rules, based on the current format, taking into account transfer operations

Questions

  • What to do with a parse-fail.
    • Implicit glue rules
      • How do we make sure that we never get Syntax error (e.g. really robust glue rules).
    • the glue rules would not compute anything, just allow for partial parses
  • How about unknown words...
    • they would be some non-terminal UNK that would be glued  by the all-encompassing glue rule from above.
  • Ambiguous grammars -> can be automatically disambiguated ?
    • Learn shift/reduce using target-language information ?
  • Converting right-recursive to left-recursive grammars.
  • How to apply macros in rules which have >1 non-terminal.
  • What on earth to do with blanks / formatting...
  • Do we try and find syntactic relations in the transfer, or do we pre-annotate (e.g. with CG) then use the tags from CG to constraint the parser?
  • Can/should we do unification in the grammar (e.g. to avoid rules like SN -> adj n matching when adj.G and n.G are not the same)?
  • Should the transfer allow for >1 possible TL translation ? to allow 'lexical selection' inside transfer as well as outside ?

Algorithms

References

  • Prószéky & Tihanyi (2002) "MetaMorpho: A Pattern-Based Machine Translation System"
  • White (1985) "Characteristics of the METAL machine translation system at Production Stage" (§6)
  • Slocum (1982) "The LRC Machine translation system: An application of State-of-the-Art ..." (p.18)

Further reading

  • MUHUA ZHU, JINGBO ZHU and HUIZHEN WANG (2013) "Improving shift-reduce constituency parsing with large-scale unlabeled data". Natural Language Engineering . October 2013, pp. 1--26

See also

External links