Morphology of Turkmen

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Verb-final voicing

p t k ç
ýapmak ýapyp ýap>{U}p etmek edip et>{U}p bakmak bakýar bak>ý{Ä}r içmek içip iç>{U}p

list

Voicing doesn't happen

  • p
    • ýap>{U}p:ýapyp
    • sebäp>d{A}n sebäpden
    • tarap>{s}{I}{n}>{D}{A}n:tarapyndan
  • t
    • ýat>{U}p: ýatyp
    • ýet>{U}p: ýetip
    • et>m{A}k etmek
    • döwlet>s{Y}n>n{Y} döwletini
  • ç
    • iç>{U}p:içip
    • goç>{s}{I}{n}:goçy
  • k
    • bak>ý{Ä}r:bakýar
    • pişik>l{A}r:pişikler
    • aşak>{s}{Y}{n}:aşaky

Voicing happens

  • p
    • mekdep>{s}{Y}{n} mekdebi
    • sebäp>{s}{Y}{n}>{N}{Y} sebäbini
    • kitap>{s}{Y}{n}>{A} kitabyna
    • jogap>{s}{Y}{n} jogaby
  • t
    • et>{U}p:edip
    • et>ý{Ä}r edýär
    • git>{U}p gidip
    • döret>{U}p döredip
    • aýt>{U}p aýdyp
    • zat>{s}{I}{n}:zady
  • ç
    • güýç>{s}{I}{n}:güýji
    • gylyç>{s}{I}{n}:gylyjy
  • k
    • pişik>({N}){I}ň:pişigiň
    • töwerek>{s}{Y}{n}töweregi
    • demirgazyk>{s}{Y}{n}>{D}{A}:demirgazygynda
    • hukuk>{s}{Y}{n}:hukugy

As a table

Assuming it's intervocalic (+before ý{Ä}r), we get

Voicing happens Voicing doesn't happen
nouns verbs nouns verbs
p mekdep
sebäp
kitap
jogap
tarap ýap
t zat et
git
döret
aýt
döwlet ýat
ýet
ç güýç
gylyç
goç
k pişik
töwerek
demirgazyk
hukuk
aşak bak