Morphology of Tatar language

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Phonology

Vowel harmony

See Wikipedia

Rounding harmony isn't represented in writing.

Exceptions

Number

{L}{A}р           Plural
Rules surface forms of -/{L}{A}р/ Examples Gloss
Ends with nasal consonants (м, н, ң) -нар/-нәр урам+нар, дошман+нар,таң+нар streets,enemies,dawns
Ends with anything else -лар/-ләр бала+лар,кыз+лар,китап+лар,юләр+ләр children,girls,books,fools
Rules needed for this to work


Noun morphology

Missing rules

Noun Person, Possessives

() = after vowel, [] = after consonant, {} = archivowel/consonant

({I})м,                  1sg
({I})ң,                  2sg
[с]{I},                  3sg 
({I})б{I}з,              1pl
({I})г{I}з,              2pl
[с]{I} or {L}{A}р{I}     3pl

Note: -лары/-ләре, -нары/-нәре can have several meanings:

  • Әниләре өйдә юк. - Their mother is not at home.
  • Аның малайлары да үзенә охшаган. - His sons are just like him. (In this case {L}{A}р{I} is a combination of the plural suffix {L}{A}р and the 3 person singular possessive suffix [с]{I})
  • аларның сүзләре - their words

1st Person Possessives

Singular/Plural Suffix Example Gloss
Singular -ым becomes -м if ends with vowel ат+ым,бала+м my horse, my son
Plural -ыбыз becomes -быз if ends with vowel ат+ыбыз,бала+быз our horse, our son

2nd Person Possessive

Singular/Plural Suffix Example Gloss
Singular -ың becomes -ң if ends with vowel ат+ың,бала+ң your horse, your son
Plural -ыгыз becomes -гыз if ends with vowel ат+ыгыз,бала+гыз your horse,your son

3rd Person Possessive

Singular/Plural Suffix Example Gloss
-- -ы becomes -сы when following vowel ат+ы,бала+сы his horse, his son

General Possessive

Singular/Plural Suffix Example Gloss
-- -ныкы/-неке бала+ныкы,дәүләтнеке child's,state's, (as their own NPs)

Noun cases

Case Name Suffixes
absolute ---
genitive -ның/-нең
dative -га/-гә, -ка/-кә
definite-accusative -ны/-не
ablative -дан/-дән, -тан/-тән, -нан/-нән
locative -да/-дә, -та/-тә

Notes


See also