Difference between revisions of "Morphology of Tatar language"
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| − | =Phonology= |
+ | = Phonology = |
| − | ==Vowel harmony== |
+ | == Vowel harmony == |
| − | : See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_harmony Wikipedia] |
+ | : See [[Vowel harmony]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_harmony Wikipedia] |
| + | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| + | ; Backness harmony |
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| + | |||
| + | There are two classes of vowels in Tatar — front and back. Backness harmony states that words may not contain both front and back vowels. |
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| + | |||
| + | ; Rounding harmony |
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| + | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| + | |||
===Exceptions=== |
===Exceptions=== |
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| + | |||
| + | ; Loanwords |
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| + | * икътисад+ына, сәркатиб+енә |
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| + | ** suffix harmonizes with the last syllable |
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| + | * табигать+кә, җәмгыять+кә, секретар[ь]+енә |
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| + | ** -ь denotes that -а- and -я- are pronunced as [ә] and [jә] respectively (at least similar to them) |
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| + | |||
| + | ; Letters 'е' 'ю' 'я' |
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| + | * ел+ы; егет+кә |
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=Number= |
=Number= |
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; Rules needed for this to work |
; Rules needed for this to work |
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| − | |||
| − | =Noun morphology= |
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| − | |||
| − | ; Missing rules |
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() = after vowel, [] = after consonant, {} = archivowel/consonant |
() = after vowel, [] = after consonant, {} = archivowel/consonant |
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| + | = Сases = |
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| − | ==Noun cases== |
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Revision as of 15:04, 13 March 2012
Contents
Phonology
Vowel harmony
- See Vowel harmony and Wikipedia
- Backness harmony
There are two classes of vowels in Tatar — front and back. Backness harmony states that words may not contain both front and back vowels.
- Rounding harmony
Rounding harmony isn't represented in writing and is therefore not discussed here.
Exceptions
- Loanwords
- икътисад+ына, сәркатиб+енә
- suffix harmonizes with the last syllable
- табигать+кә, җәмгыять+кә, секретар[ь]+енә
- -ь denotes that -а- and -я- are pronunced as [ә] and [jә] respectively (at least similar to them)
- Letters 'е' 'ю' 'я'
- ел+ы; егет+кә
Number
{L}{A}р Plural
| Rules | surface forms of -/{L}{A}р/ | Examples | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ends with nasal consonants (м, н, ң) | -нар/-нәр | streets,enemies,dawns | |
| Ends with anything else | -лар/-ләр | children,girls,books,fools |
- Rules needed for this to work
Possessives
() = after vowel, [] = after consonant, {} = archivowel/consonant
({I})м, 1sg
({I})ң, 2sg
[с]{I}, 3sg
({I})б{I}з, 1pl
({I})г{I}з, 2pl
[с]{I} or {L}{A}р{I} 3pl
Note: -лары/-ләре, -нары/-нәре can have several meanings:
- Әниләре өйдә юк. - Their mother is not at home.
- Аның малайлары да үзенә охшаган. - His sons are just like him. (In this case {L}{A}р{I} is a combination of the plural suffix {L}{A}р and the 3 person singular possessive suffix [с]{I})
- аларның сүзләре - their words
1st Person Possessives
| Singular/Plural | Suffix | Example | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | -ым becomes -м if ends with vowel | my horse, my son | |
| Plural | -ыбыз becomes -быз if ends with vowel | our horse, our son |
2nd Person Possessive
| Singular/Plural | Suffix | Example | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | -ың becomes -ң if ends with vowel | your horse, your son | |
| Plural | -ыгыз becomes -гыз if ends with vowel | your horse,your son |
3rd Person Possessive
| Singular/Plural | Suffix | Example | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| -- | -ы becomes -сы when following vowel | his horse, his son |
General Possessive
| Singular/Plural | Suffix | Example | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| -- | -ныкы/-неке | бала+ныкы,дәүләтнеке | child's,state's, (as their own NPs) |
Сases
| Case Name | Suffixes |
|---|---|
| absolute | --- |
| genitive | -ның/-нең |
| dative | -га/-гә, -ка/-кә |
| definite-accusative | -ны/-не |
| ablative | -дан/-дән, -тан/-тән, -нан/-нән |
| locative | -да/-дә, -та/-тә |
Notes
