Difference between revisions of "Mandarin Chinese"

From Apertium
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 5: Line 5:
   
 
===General===
 
===General===
* Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). [http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/mand1415 "Mandarin Chinese".] Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
+
* Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). [http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/mand1415 "Mandarin Chinese".] Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
* —— (1991), [http://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp029_chinese_dialect.pdf "What Is a Chinese "Dialect/Topolect"? Reflections on Some Key Sino-English Linguistic terms"], Sino-Platonic Papers 29: 1–31
 
 
* Norman, Jerry (1988), Chinese, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29653-3.
 
* Norman, Jerry (1988), Chinese, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29653-3.
  +
* Packard, Jerome Lee. 1998. ''New Approaches to Chinese Word Formation: Morphology, Phonology and the Lexicon in Modern and Ancient Chinese.'' New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
 
* Ramsey, S. Robert (1987), ''The Languages of China'', Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-01468-5.
 
* Ramsey, S. Robert (1987), ''The Languages of China'', Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-01468-5.
 
* Wurm, Stephen Adolphe; Li, Rong; Baumann, Theo; Lee, Mei W. (1987), ''Language Atlas of China'', Longman, ISBN 978-962-359-085-3.
 
* Wurm, Stephen Adolphe; Li, Rong; Baumann, Theo; Lee, Mei W. (1987), ''Language Atlas of China'', Longman, ISBN 978-962-359-085-3.
 
* Yan, Margaret Mian (2006), ''Introduction to Chinese Dialectology'', LINCOM Europa, ISBN 978-3-89586-629-6.
 
* Yan, Margaret Mian (2006), ''Introduction to Chinese Dialectology'', LINCOM Europa, ISBN 978-3-89586-629-6.
  +
* —— (1991), [http://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp029_chinese_dialect.pdf "What Is a Chinese "Dialect/Topolect"? Reflections on Some Key Sino-English Linguistic terms"], Sino-Platonic Papers 29: 1–31
* Packard, Jerome Lee. 1998. ''New Approaches to Chinese Word Formation: Morphology, Phonology and the Lexicon in Modern and Ancient Chinese.'' New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
 
 
* [http://sun.sino.uni-heidelberg.de/igcs/iglang.htm China WWW VL - Internet Guide for China Studies: Language]
 
* [http://sun.sino.uni-heidelberg.de/igcs/iglang.htm China WWW VL - Internet Guide for China Studies: Language]
 
* [http://www.chinasona.com/bamboo/chinese.html Chinese Language Related Information Page] Carlos McEvilly's '''extensive''' set of language and linguistics resources
 
* [http://www.chinasona.com/bamboo/chinese.html Chinese Language Related Information Page] Carlos McEvilly's '''extensive''' set of language and linguistics resources
* [http://www.chinasona.com/bamboo/linguist.html Scholarly and Linguistic Resources on Chinese]
 
 
* [http://pears.lib.ohio-state.edu/China/linguist.html Chinese Linguistics] Ohio State University
 
* [http://pears.lib.ohio-state.edu/China/linguist.html Chinese Linguistics] Ohio State University
  +
* [http://www.chinasona.com/bamboo/linguist.html Scholarly and Linguistic Resources on Chinese]
* [http://sun.sino.uni-heidelberg.de/igcs/ China WWW Virtual Library: Internet Guide for China Studies (IGCS)]
 
  +
   
 
===Machine translation===
 
===Machine translation===
*[http://sourceforge.net/projects/libtabe/] Libtabe (SourceForge)
 
 
*[http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-chinese-traditional/] Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, English-Chinese (traditional)
 
*[http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-chinese-traditional/] Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, English-Chinese (traditional)
  +
*[http://www.cernet.edu.cn/ China Education and Research Network (CERNET)]
  +
*[http://rocling.iis.sinica.edu.tw/ Chinese Information Processing Laboratory]
  +
*[http://sourceforge.net/projects/libtabe/] Libtabe (SourceForge)
 
*[http://www.mdbg.net/chindict/chindict.php] MDBG English to Chinese dictionary
 
*[http://www.mdbg.net/chindict/chindict.php] MDBG English to Chinese dictionary
 
*[http://www.chinese-dictionary.org/] Multilingual Chinese Dictionary
 
*[http://www.chinese-dictionary.org/] Multilingual Chinese Dictionary
  +
*[http://rocling.iis.sinica.edu.tw/ Chinese Information Processing Laboratory]
 
   
 
===Grammars===
 
===Grammars===
 
* [http://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ Chinese Grammar Wiki] All Set Learning
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_grammar] Chinese Grammar (Wikipedia)
 
* [http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~rsimmon/chi325syl.htm] ADVANCED CHINESE GRAMMAR
 
* Yue, Anne O. (2003), ''Chinese dialects: grammar'', in Thurgood, Graham; LaPolla, Randy J. (eds.), The Sino-Tibetan languages, Routledge, pp. 84–125, ISBN 978-0-7007-1129-1.
 
* Li Dejin and Cheng Meizhen. ''A Practical Chinese Grammar for Foreigners. Revised Edition.'' Beijing Language and Culture University Press, 2009. Paper. ISBN: 978-7-561-92163-0
 
 
* Chao, Yuen Ren. ''A Grammar of Spoken Chinese.'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968. ISBN: 0-520-00219-9. {ALEX PL1137.S6C5 1968}
 
* Chao, Yuen Ren. ''A Grammar of Spoken Chinese.'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968. ISBN: 0-520-00219-9. {ALEX PL1137.S6C5 1968}
 
* Claudia Ross and Jing-heng Sheng Ma. ''Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar.'' New York: Routledge, 2006.
 
* Claudia Ross and Jing-heng Sheng Ma. ''Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar.'' New York: Routledge, 2006.
  +
* He, Wayne W., Dela Jiao and Christopher M. Livaccari. ''Structures of Mandarin Chinese for Speakers of English I.'' Peking University Press, 2010. Paper. ISBN: 978-7-301-17971-0
 
* Huang, C. -T. James, Y. -H. Audrey Li, and Yafei Li. ''The Syntax of Chinese.'' Cambridge University Press, 2009. ISBN: 0521590582
 
* Huang, C. -T. James, Y. -H. Audrey Li, and Yafei Li. ''The Syntax of Chinese.'' Cambridge University Press, 2009. ISBN: 0521590582
 
* Kratochvil, P. ''The Chinese Language Today.'' {ALEX PL1087.K7}
 
* Kratochvil, P. ''The Chinese Language Today.'' {ALEX PL1087.K7}
* He, Wayne W., Dela Jiao and Christopher M. Livaccari. ''Structures of Mandarin Chinese for Speakers of English I.'' Peking University Press, 2010. Paper. ISBN: 978-7-301-17971-0
 
 
* Li, Charles N. & Sandra A. Thompson. ''Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar.'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981. ISBN: 0-520-04286-7 {ALEX PL1107.L5}
 
* Li, Charles N. & Sandra A. Thompson. ''Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar.'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981. ISBN: 0-520-04286-7 {ALEX PL1107.L5}
  +
* Li Dejin and Cheng Meizhen. ''A Practical Chinese Grammar for Foreigners. Revised Edition.'' Beijing Language and Culture University Press, 2009. Paper. ISBN: 978-7-561-92163-0
 
* Lu, Fubo ''卢福波著. 《对外汉语教学实用语法》''. Beijing Languages and Culture University Press, 1996. Paper. ISBN 978-7-5619-0474-9
 
* Lu, Fubo ''卢福波著. 《对外汉语教学实用语法》''. Beijing Languages and Culture University Press, 1996. Paper. ISBN 978-7-5619-0474-9
 
* Yip Po-Ching and Don Rimmington. ''Chinese: An Essential Grammar.'' New York: Routledge, 1997. {Paul Robeson (Camden) PL1107.Y57 1996}
 
* Yip Po-Ching and Don Rimmington. ''Chinese: An Essential Grammar.'' New York: Routledge, 1997. {Paul Robeson (Camden) PL1107.Y57 1996}
  +
* Yue, Anne O. (2003), ''Chinese dialects: grammar'', in Thurgood, Graham; LaPolla, Randy J. (eds.), The Sino-Tibetan languages, Routledge, pp. 84–125, ISBN 978-0-7007-1129-1.
  +
* [http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~rsimmon/chi325syl.htm] ADVANCED CHINESE GRAMMAR
  +
* [http://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ Chinese Grammar Wiki] All Set Learning
  +
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_grammar] Chinese Grammar (Wikipedia)
  +
   
 
===Morphology===
 
===Morphology===
* Packard, Jerome Lee. 2000. ''[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~duanmu/RevPackard02.pdf The Morphology of Chinese: A Linguistic and Cognitive Approach.]'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
 
* [http://www.101languages.net/chinese/morphology.html Morphology Chinese 101] 101 Languages
 
* [http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/67361/1/42547.pdf Chinese Morphology: An Exploratory Study of Second Language Learners’ Acquisition of Compounds] National Chengchi University, Taiwan
 
 
* Dai, John Xiangling. 1992. ''Chinese morphology and its interface with the syntax.'' Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, Columbus
 
* Dai, John Xiangling. 1992. ''Chinese morphology and its interface with the syntax.'' Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, Columbus
 
* Duanmu, San. 1998. ''“Wordhood in Chinese”. New approaches to Chinese word formation: Morphology, phonology and the lexicon in modern and ancient Chinese''
 
* Duanmu, San. 1998. ''“Wordhood in Chinese”. New approaches to Chinese word formation: Morphology, phonology and the lexicon in modern and ancient Chinese''
Line 50: Line 49:
 
* Lu, Zhi-wei. 1965. ''Hànyǔ de goùcí fǎ (Chinese morphology)''. Peking: Kēxué Publishing Co.
 
* Lu, Zhi-wei. 1965. ''Hànyǔ de goùcí fǎ (Chinese morphology)''. Peking: Kēxué Publishing Co.
 
* Matthews, Peter Hugoe. 1991. ''Morphology''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
 
* Matthews, Peter Hugoe. 1991. ''Morphology''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  +
* Packard, Jerome Lee. 2000. ''[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~duanmu/RevPackard02.pdf The Morphology of Chinese: A Linguistic and Cognitive Approach.]'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
 
* Tang, Ting-chi. 1989. ''Hànyǔ cífǎ jùfǎ lùjí (Studies on Chinese morphology and syntax)''. Taipei: Taiwan Xīnxuéshēng Book Co.
 
* Tang, Ting-chi. 1989. ''Hànyǔ cífǎ jùfǎ lùjí (Studies on Chinese morphology and syntax)''. Taipei: Taiwan Xīnxuéshēng Book Co.
 
* Zhu, Jia-ning. 1999. ''Hànyǔ cíhuì xué (Chinese morphology)''. Taipei: Wǔnán Túshū Publishing Co
 
* Zhu, Jia-ning. 1999. ''Hànyǔ cíhuì xué (Chinese morphology)''. Taipei: Wǔnán Túshū Publishing Co
  +
* [http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/67361/1/42547.pdf Chinese Morphology: An Exploratory Study of Second Language Learners’ Acquisition of Compounds] National Chengchi University, Taiwan
  +
* [http://www.101languages.net/chinese/morphology.html Morphology Chinese 101] 101 Languages
   
===Dictionaries===
 
   
  +
===Dictionaries===
 
;Monolingual
 
;Monolingual
  +
* [http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/index.html 教育部重編國語辭典修訂本 (Dictionary of Mandarin from Ministry of Education, R.O.C.)]
 
* [http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E3%80%8A%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8D%8E%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8%E3%80%8B 《全球华语词典》 (Global Chinese Dictionary)]
 
* [http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E3%80%8A%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8D%8E%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8%E3%80%8B 《全球华语词典》 (Global Chinese Dictionary)]
 
* [http://www.zdic.net/ 漢典 (Handian Dictionary)]
 
* [http://www.zdic.net/ 漢典 (Handian Dictionary)]
* [http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/index.html 教育部重編國語辭典修訂本 (Dictionary of Mandarin from Ministry of Education, R.O.C.)]
 
   
;Multilingual
 
   
  +
;Multilingual
*[http://www.tigernt.com/dict.shtml] English-Chinese Online Dictionary - TigerNT
 
  +
* Lin, Y., ''Lin Yutang's Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage'', The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1972.
  +
* Simon, W., ''A Beginners' Chinese-English Dictionary Of The National Language (Gwoyeu): Fourth Revised Edition'', Lund Humphries, (London), 1975.
 
*[http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-chinese-traditional/] Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, English-Chinese (traditional)
 
*[http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-chinese-traditional/] Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, English-Chinese (traditional)
  +
*[http://www.tigernt.com/dict.shtml] English-Chinese Online Dictionary - TigerNT
 
*[http://www.mdbg.net/chindict/chindict.php] MDBG English to Chinese dictionary
 
*[http://www.mdbg.net/chindict/chindict.php] MDBG English to Chinese dictionary
 
*[http://www.chinese-dictionary.org/] Multilingual Chinese Dictionary
 
*[http://www.chinese-dictionary.org/] Multilingual Chinese Dictionary
  +
* Lin, Y., ''Lin Yutang's Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage'', The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1972.
 
* Simon, W., ''A Beginners' Chinese-English Dictionary Of The National Language (Gwoyeu): Fourth Revised Edition'', Lund Humphries, (London), 1975.
 
   
 
;Wordlists
 
;Wordlists
 
 
* [http://vocabulary-online.com Vocabularies for 150 languages] (Flashcard learning)
 
* [http://vocabulary-online.com Vocabularies for 150 languages] (Flashcard learning)
 
* [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Mandarin_Swadesh_list Mandarin Swadesh list] (Wiktionary, Mandarin--English)
 
* [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Mandarin_Swadesh_list Mandarin Swadesh list] (Wiktionary, Mandarin--English)
Line 76: Line 78:
 
* [http://www.primaryschoolchinese.com/Mandarin_Chinese_Common_Entrance_Level_1_and_2_word_and_character_list.pdf Simple core word list] COMMON ENTRANCE EXAMINATION at 11+ and 13+ MANDARIN CHINESE
 
* [http://www.primaryschoolchinese.com/Mandarin_Chinese_Common_Entrance_Level_1_and_2_word_and_character_list.pdf Simple core word list] COMMON ENTRANCE EXAMINATION at 11+ and 13+ MANDARIN CHINESE
   
===Miscellaneous===
 
   
  +
===Miscellaneous===
* Duanmu, San. 1999. ''Stress and the development of disyllabic vocabulary in Chinese.'' Diachronica XVI: 1.1-35.
 
  +
* Bradley, David (1992). "Chinese as a pluricentric language". In Clyne, Michael G. ''Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations''. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 305–324. ISBN 978-3-11-012855-0.
* Pollock, Jean-Yves. 1989. ''Verb movement, Universal Grammar, and the structure of IP.'' Linguistic Inquiry 20:365-424.
 
* Coblin, W. South (2000), ''"A brief history of Mandarin"'', Journal of the American Oriental Society 120 (4): 537–552, JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/606615 606615].
 
* Selkirk, Elisabeth. 1982. ''The syntax of words.'' Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Chinese Standard Chinese] (Wikipedia, English)
 
* [https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1 官話] (Wikipedia, Classical Chinese)
 
* [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D 华语] (Wikipedia, Simplified Chinese)
 
* Escure, Geneviève (1997), ''Creole and dialect continua: standard acquisition processes in Belize and China (PRC)'', John Benjamins, ISBN 978-90-272-5240-1.
 
* Kaske, Elisabeth (2008), ''The politics of language in Chinese education'', 1895–1919, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-16367-6.
 
* Kurpaska, Maria (2010), ''Chinese Language(s): A Look Through the Prism of "The Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects"'', Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-021914-2.
 
* Zhang, Bennan; Yang, Robin R. (2004), "''Putonghua'' education and language policy in postcolonial Hong Kong", in Zhou, Minglang (ed.), ''Language policy in the People's Republic of China: theory and practice since 1949'', Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 143–161, ISBN 978-1-4020-8038-8.
 
 
* Chao, Yuen-ren. 1948. ''Mandarin Primer''. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
 
* Chao, Yuen-ren. 1948. ''Mandarin Primer''. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
  +
* Chen, Ping (1999), ''Modern Chinese: History and sociolinguistics'', New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-64572-0.
 
* Chen, Yeh-ning, Shu-mei Wang, and Tsui-yin Lu. 2001. ''Practical Audio-Visual Chinese.'' Taipei: Zhèngzhūng Book Co
 
* Chen, Yeh-ning, Shu-mei Wang, and Tsui-yin Lu. 2001. ''Practical Audio-Visual Chinese.'' Taipei: Zhèngzhūng Book Co
  +
* Coblin, W. South (2000), ''"A brief history of Mandarin"'', Journal of the American Oriental Society 120 (4): 537–552, JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/606615 606615].
* Kratochvil, Paul. 1968. ''The Chinese Language Today: Features of an Emerging Standard.'' London: Hutchinson.
 
  +
* Duanmu, San. 1999. ''Stress and the development of disyllabic vocabulary in Chinese.'' Diachronica XVI: 1.1-35.
* Chen, Ping (1999), ''Modern Chinese: History and sociolinguistics'', New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-64572-0.
 
 
* Duanmu, San (2007), ''The phonology of standard Chinese (2nd ed.)'', Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-921579-9.
 
* Duanmu, San (2007), ''The phonology of standard Chinese (2nd ed.)'', Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-921579-9.
  +
* Escure, Geneviève (1997), ''Creole and dialect continua: standard acquisition processes in Belize and China (PRC)'', John Benjamins, ISBN 978-90-272-5240-1.
* Bradley, David (1992). "Chinese as a pluricentric language". In Clyne, Michael G. ''Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations''. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 305–324. ISBN 978-3-11-012855-0.
 
 
* Hsia, T., ''China's Language Reforms'', Far Eastern Publications, Yale University, (New Haven), 1956.
 
* Hsia, T., ''China's Language Reforms'', Far Eastern Publications, Yale University, (New Haven), 1956.
  +
* Kaske, Elisabeth (2008), ''The politics of language in Chinese education'', 1895–1919, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-16367-6.
  +
* Kratochvil, Paul. 1968. ''The Chinese Language Today: Features of an Emerging Standard.'' London: Hutchinson.
  +
* Kurpaska, Maria (2010), ''Chinese Language(s): A Look Through the Prism of "The Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects"'', Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-021914-2.
 
* Lehmann, W.P. (ed.), ''Language & Linguistics in the People's Republic of China'', University of Texas Press, (Austin), 1975.
 
* Lehmann, W.P. (ed.), ''Language & Linguistics in the People's Republic of China'', University of Texas Press, (Austin), 1975.
* Seybolt, P.J. & Chiang, G.K. (eds.), ''Language Reform in China: Documents and Commentary'', M.E. Sharpe, (White Plains), 1979. ISBN 978-0-87332-081-8.
 
 
* Milsky, C., ''"New Developments in Language Reform"'', The China Quarterly, No.53, (January–March 1973), pp. 98–133.
 
* Milsky, C., ''"New Developments in Language Reform"'', The China Quarterly, No.53, (January–March 1973), pp. 98–133.
  +
* Pollock, Jean-Yves. 1989. ''Verb movement, Universal Grammar, and the structure of IP.'' Linguistic Inquiry 20:365-424.
 
* Qiu, Xigui (2000), ''Chinese Writing'', trans. Gilbert Louis Mattos and Jerry Norman, Society for the Study of Early China and Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley, ISBN 978-1-55729-071-7.
 
* Qiu, Xigui (2000), ''Chinese Writing'', trans. Gilbert Louis Mattos and Jerry Norman, Society for the Study of Early China and Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley, ISBN 978-1-55729-071-7.
 
* Schuessler, Axel (2007), ''ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese'', Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0-8248-2975-9.
 
* Schuessler, Axel (2007), ''ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese'', Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0-8248-2975-9.
  +
* Selkirk, Elisabeth. 1982. ''The syntax of words.'' Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
  +
* Seybolt, P.J. & Chiang, G.K. (eds.), ''Language Reform in China: Documents and Commentary'', M.E. Sharpe, (White Plains), 1979. ISBN 978-0-87332-081-8.
  +
* Zhang, Bennan; Yang, Robin R. (2004), "''Putonghua'' education and language policy in postcolonial Hong Kong", in Zhou, Minglang (ed.), ''Language policy in the People's Republic of China: theory and practice since 1949'', Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 143–161, ISBN 978-1-4020-8038-8.
  +
*[https://www.americanorientalsociety.org/ American Oriental Society]
  +
*[http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/chan9/g-bib.htm Chinese Language and Gender On-line Bibliography]
 
*[http://www.chinalanguage.com/ Chinese Language website]
 
*[http://www.chinalanguage.com/ Chinese Language website]
*[https://chinese.yabla.com/ The Authentic Way to Study Mandarin Chinese]
 
*[http://www.economist.com/blogs/johnson/2013/06/language-borrowing Language borrowing Why so little Chinese in English?] The Economist. June 6, 2013.
 
 
*[http://ctext.org/ Classical Chinese texts] Chinese Text Project
 
*[http://ctext.org/ Classical Chinese texts] Chinese Text Project
  +
*[http://newton.uor.edu/Departments%26Programs/AsianStudiesDept/index.html East Asia and Southeast Asia: An Annotated Directory of Internet Resources.]
  +
*[http://www.chineselinguistics.eu/ European Association of Chinese Linguistics ]
  +
*[http://www.iacling.org/ International Association of Chinese Linguistics]
  +
*[http://www.economist.com/blogs/johnson/2013/06/language-borrowing Language borrowing Why so little Chinese in English?] The Economist. June 6, 2013.
 
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mySwTPoFAhE Mandarin Chinese children's story in simplified Chinese showing the stroke order for every character]
 
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mySwTPoFAhE Mandarin Chinese children's story in simplified Chinese showing the stroke order for every character]
 
*[http://chinalinks.osu.edu/ Marjorie Chan's ChinaLinks] at the Ohio State University with hundreds of links to Chinese related web pages
 
*[http://chinalinks.osu.edu/ Marjorie Chan's ChinaLinks] at the Ohio State University with hundreds of links to Chinese related web pages
*[https://www.americanorientalsociety.org/ American Oriental Society]
 
*[http://www.chineselinguistics.eu/ European Association of Chinese Linguistics ]
 
*[http://www.iacling.org/ European Association of Chinese Linguistics]
 
 
*[http://naccl.osu.edu/ North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics]
 
*[http://naccl.osu.edu/ North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics]
  +
*[https://chinese.yabla.com/ The Authentic Way to Study Mandarin Chinese]
  +
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Chinese Standard Chinese] (Wikipedia, English)
  +
* [https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1 官話] (Wikipedia, Classical Chinese)
  +
* [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D 华语] (Wikipedia, Simplified Chinese)
 
*[http://www.wcla.org.tw/ World Chinese Language Association]
 
*[http://www.wcla.org.tw/ World Chinese Language Association]
*[http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/chan9/g-bib.htm Chinese Language and Gender On-line Bibliography]
 
*[http://newton.uor.edu/Departments%26Programs/AsianStudiesDept/index.html East Asia and Southeast Asia: An Annotated Directory of Internet Resources.]
 
   
===Corpora===
 
   
  +
===Corpora===
* [http://phrasecenter.freehosting.net/%3Ehttp://phrasecenter.freehosting.net/%3C/a%3E%3C/li%3E%20%20%20%20%3Cli%3ELicense:%20GPL%20(%3Ca%20href= Qingsong Information "Qingsong Input Method Big Lexicon" Public License]
 
 
* [ftp://ftp.ccu.edu.tw/pub/chinese/data/pd-phrases.b5.gz Chinese Community Information Center Corpora]
 
* [ftp://ftp.ccu.edu.tw/pub/chinese/data/pd-phrases.b5.gz Chinese Community Information Center Corpora]
 
* [ftp://ftp.ccu.edu.tw/pub/chinese/data/phrases.dat Chinese Community Information Center Phrases]
 
* [ftp://ftp.ccu.edu.tw/pub/chinese/data/phrases.dat Chinese Community Information Center Phrases]
  +
* [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/query.cgi?flags=eygtnn&basename=%5Cdata%5Cchina%5Cbigchina&recode=yes&hiero=gif Chinese Database]
* [http://technology.chtsai.org/wordlist/dphphdb.zip Taiwan Mandarin Vocabulary]
 
  +
* [http://rocling.iis.sinica.edu.tw/ Chinese Information Processing Laboratory]
 
* [http://bd8.com/chinese/cihui/ Chinese Wordlist]
 
* [http://bd8.com/chinese/cihui/ Chinese Wordlist]
* [ftp://137.132.134.150/C/vv/richwin97-duoyuanpinyin-ci-ku-120300words/Wordlist.txt.zip Mainland Mandarin Vocabulary]
 
 
* [http://corpus.ling.sinica.edu.tw/ Corpus linguistics] Academia Sinica (Taiwan's top university)
 
* [http://corpus.ling.sinica.edu.tw/ Corpus linguistics] Academia Sinica (Taiwan's top university)
* [http://rocling.iis.sinica.edu.tw/ Chinese Information Processing Laboratory]
 
 
* [http://lingua.mtsu.edu/chinese-computing Jun Da's Page on Chinese Text Processing]
 
* [http://lingua.mtsu.edu/chinese-computing Jun Da's Page on Chinese Text Processing]
  +
* [ftp://137.132.134.150/C/vv/richwin97-duoyuanpinyin-ci-ku-120300words/Wordlist.txt.zip Mainland Mandarin Vocabulary]
* [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/query.cgi?flags=eygtnn&basename=%5Cdata%5Cchina%5Cbigchina&recode=yes&hiero=gif Chinese Database]
 
  +
* [http://phrasecenter.freehosting.net/%3Ehttp://phrasecenter.freehosting.net/%3C/a%3E%3C/li%3E%20%20%20%20%3Cli%3ELicense:%20GPL%20(%3Ca%20href= Qingsong Information "Qingsong Input Method Big Lexicon" Public License]
  +
* [http://technology.chtsai.org/wordlist/dphphdb.zip Taiwan Mandarin Vocabulary]
  +
  +
  +
   
 
[[Category:Languages]]
 
[[Category:Languages]]

Revision as of 16:53, 13 December 2015

Mandarin Chinese (Wikipedia:Mandarin Chinese) is a Sino-Tibetan language(Wikipedia:Sino-Tibetan languages). Currently there is no stable language pair in Apertium involving Mandarin Chinese (see list of language pairs).


General


Machine translation


Grammars

  • Chao, Yuen Ren. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968. ISBN: 0-520-00219-9. {ALEX PL1137.S6C5 1968}
  • Claudia Ross and Jing-heng Sheng Ma. Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar. New York: Routledge, 2006.
  • He, Wayne W., Dela Jiao and Christopher M. Livaccari. Structures of Mandarin Chinese for Speakers of English I. Peking University Press, 2010. Paper. ISBN: 978-7-301-17971-0
  • Huang, C. -T. James, Y. -H. Audrey Li, and Yafei Li. The Syntax of Chinese. Cambridge University Press, 2009. ISBN: 0521590582
  • Kratochvil, P. The Chinese Language Today. {ALEX PL1087.K7}
  • Li, Charles N. & Sandra A. Thompson. Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981. ISBN: 0-520-04286-7 {ALEX PL1107.L5}
  • Li Dejin and Cheng Meizhen. A Practical Chinese Grammar for Foreigners. Revised Edition. Beijing Language and Culture University Press, 2009. Paper. ISBN: 978-7-561-92163-0
  • Lu, Fubo 卢福波著. 《对外汉语教学实用语法》. Beijing Languages and Culture University Press, 1996. Paper. ISBN 978-7-5619-0474-9
  • Yip Po-Ching and Don Rimmington. Chinese: An Essential Grammar. New York: Routledge, 1997. {Paul Robeson (Camden) PL1107.Y57 1996}
  • Yue, Anne O. (2003), Chinese dialects: grammar, in Thurgood, Graham; LaPolla, Randy J. (eds.), The Sino-Tibetan languages, Routledge, pp. 84–125, ISBN 978-0-7007-1129-1.
  • [5] ADVANCED CHINESE GRAMMAR
  • Chinese Grammar Wiki All Set Learning
  • [6] Chinese Grammar (Wikipedia)


Morphology

  • Dai, John Xiangling. 1992. Chinese morphology and its interface with the syntax. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, Columbus
  • Duanmu, San. 1998. “Wordhood in Chinese”. New approaches to Chinese word formation: Morphology, phonology and the lexicon in modern and ancient Chinese
  • Feng, Shengli. 1998. Prosodic structure and compound words in classical Chinese. In New approaches to Chinese word formation: morphology, phonology and the lexicon in modern and ancient Chinese
  • Lu, Zhi-wei. 1965. Hànyǔ de goùcí fǎ (Chinese morphology). Peking: Kēxué Publishing Co.
  • Matthews, Peter Hugoe. 1991. Morphology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Packard, Jerome Lee. 2000. The Morphology of Chinese: A Linguistic and Cognitive Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Tang, Ting-chi. 1989. Hànyǔ cífǎ jùfǎ lùjí (Studies on Chinese morphology and syntax). Taipei: Taiwan Xīnxuéshēng Book Co.
  • Zhu, Jia-ning. 1999. Hànyǔ cíhuì xué (Chinese morphology). Taipei: Wǔnán Túshū Publishing Co
  • Chinese Morphology: An Exploratory Study of Second Language Learners’ Acquisition of Compounds National Chengchi University, Taiwan
  • Morphology Chinese 101 101 Languages


Dictionaries

Monolingual


Multilingual
  • Lin, Y., Lin Yutang's Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1972.
  • Simon, W., A Beginners' Chinese-English Dictionary Of The National Language (Gwoyeu): Fourth Revised Edition, Lund Humphries, (London), 1975.
  • [7] Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, English-Chinese (traditional)
  • [8] English-Chinese Online Dictionary - TigerNT
  • [9] MDBG English to Chinese dictionary
  • [10] Multilingual Chinese Dictionary


Wordlists


Miscellaneous

  • Bradley, David (1992). "Chinese as a pluricentric language". In Clyne, Michael G. Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 305–324. ISBN 978-3-11-012855-0.
  • Chao, Yuen-ren. 1948. Mandarin Primer. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
  • Chen, Ping (1999), Modern Chinese: History and sociolinguistics, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-64572-0.
  • Chen, Yeh-ning, Shu-mei Wang, and Tsui-yin Lu. 2001. Practical Audio-Visual Chinese. Taipei: Zhèngzhūng Book Co
  • Coblin, W. South (2000), "A brief history of Mandarin", Journal of the American Oriental Society 120 (4): 537–552, JSTOR 606615.
  • Duanmu, San. 1999. Stress and the development of disyllabic vocabulary in Chinese. Diachronica XVI: 1.1-35.
  • Duanmu, San (2007), The phonology of standard Chinese (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-921579-9.
  • Escure, Geneviève (1997), Creole and dialect continua: standard acquisition processes in Belize and China (PRC), John Benjamins, ISBN 978-90-272-5240-1.
  • Hsia, T., China's Language Reforms, Far Eastern Publications, Yale University, (New Haven), 1956.
  • Kaske, Elisabeth (2008), The politics of language in Chinese education, 1895–1919, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-16367-6.
  • Kratochvil, Paul. 1968. The Chinese Language Today: Features of an Emerging Standard. London: Hutchinson.
  • Kurpaska, Maria (2010), Chinese Language(s): A Look Through the Prism of "The Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects", Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-021914-2.
  • Lehmann, W.P. (ed.), Language & Linguistics in the People's Republic of China, University of Texas Press, (Austin), 1975.
  • Milsky, C., "New Developments in Language Reform", The China Quarterly, No.53, (January–March 1973), pp. 98–133.
  • Pollock, Jean-Yves. 1989. Verb movement, Universal Grammar, and the structure of IP. Linguistic Inquiry 20:365-424.
  • Qiu, Xigui (2000), Chinese Writing, trans. Gilbert Louis Mattos and Jerry Norman, Society for the Study of Early China and Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley, ISBN 978-1-55729-071-7.
  • Schuessler, Axel (2007), ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0-8248-2975-9.
  • Selkirk, Elisabeth. 1982. The syntax of words. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
  • Seybolt, P.J. & Chiang, G.K. (eds.), Language Reform in China: Documents and Commentary, M.E. Sharpe, (White Plains), 1979. ISBN 978-0-87332-081-8.
  • Zhang, Bennan; Yang, Robin R. (2004), "Putonghua education and language policy in postcolonial Hong Kong", in Zhou, Minglang (ed.), Language policy in the People's Republic of China: theory and practice since 1949, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 143–161, ISBN 978-1-4020-8038-8.
  • American Oriental Society
  • Chinese Language and Gender On-line Bibliography
  • Chinese Language website
  • Classical Chinese texts Chinese Text Project
  • East Asia and Southeast Asia: An Annotated Directory of Internet Resources.
  • European Association of Chinese Linguistics
  • International Association of Chinese Linguistics
  • Language borrowing Why so little Chinese in English? The Economist. June 6, 2013.
  • Mandarin Chinese children's story in simplified Chinese showing the stroke order for every character
  • Marjorie Chan's ChinaLinks at the Ohio State University with hundreds of links to Chinese related web pages
  • North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics
  • The Authentic Way to Study Mandarin Chinese
  • Standard Chinese (Wikipedia, English)
  • 官話 (Wikipedia, Classical Chinese)
  • 华语 (Wikipedia, Simplified Chinese)
  • World Chinese Language Association


Corpora