Difference between revisions of "Mandarin Chinese"
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* [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D 华语] (Wikipedia, Simplified Chinese) |
* [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D 华语] (Wikipedia, Simplified Chinese) |
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* Kurpaska, M. (2010) Chinese language(s): a look through the prism of the Great dictionary of modern Chinese dialects. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/New York |
* Kurpaska, M. (2010) Chinese language(s): a look through the prism of the Great dictionary of modern Chinese dialects. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/New York |
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| + | * Escure, Geneviève (1997), Creole and dialect continua: standard acquisition processes in Belize and China (PRC), John Benjamins, ISBN 978-90-272-5240-1. |
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| + | * Kaske, Elisabeth (2008), The politics of language in Chinese education, 1895–1919, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-16367-6. |
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| + | * Kurpaska, Maria (2010), Chinese Language(s): A Look Through the Prism of "The Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects", Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-021914-2. |
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| + | * Zhang, Bennan; Yang, Robin R. (2004), "Putonghua education and language policy in postcolonial Hong Kong", in Zhou, Minglang (ed.), Language policy in the People's Republic of China: theory and practice since 1949, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 143–161, ISBN 978-1-4020-8038-8. |
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| + | * Chao, Yuen-ren. 1948. Mandarin Primer. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press |
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| + | * Chen, Yeh-ning, Shu-mei Wang, and Tsui-yin Lu. 2001. //Practical Audio-Visual Chinese.// Taipei: Zhèngzhūng Book Co |
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| + | * Kratochvil, Paul. 1968. The Chinese Language Today: Features of an Emerging Standard. London: Hutchinson. |
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Revision as of 08:33, 13 December 2015
Mandarin Chinese (Wikipedia:Mandarin Chinese) is a Sino-Tibetan language(Wikipedia:Sino-Tibetan languages). Currently there is no stable language pair in Apertium involving Mandarin Chinese (see list of language pairs).
General
- Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Mandarin Chinese". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- —— (1991), "What Is a Chinese "Dialect/Topolect"? Reflections on Some Key Sino-English Linguistic terms", Sino-Platonic Papers 29: 1–31
- Norman, Jerry (1988), Chinese, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29653-3.
- Ramsey, S. Robert (1987), The Languages of China, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-01468-5.
- Wurm, Stephen Adolphe; Li, Rong; Baumann, Theo; Lee, Mei W. (1987), Language Atlas of China, Longman, ISBN 978-962-359-085-3.
- Yan, Margaret Mian (2006), Introduction to Chinese Dialectology, LINCOM Europa, ISBN 978-3-89586-629-6.
Machine translation
- [1] Libtabe (SourceForge)
- [2] Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, English-Chinese (traditional)
- [3] MDBG English to Chinese dictionary
- [4] Multilingual Chinese Dictionary
Grammars
- Chinese Grammar Wiki All Set Learning
- [5] Chinese Grammar (Wikipedia)
- [6] ADVANCED CHINESE GRAMMAR
- Yue, Anne O. (2003), "Chinese dialects: grammar", in Thurgood, Graham; LaPolla, Randy J. (eds.), The Sino-Tibetan languages, Routledge, pp. 84–125, ISBN 978-0-7007-1129-1.
- Li Dejin and Cheng Meizhen. A Practical Chinese Grammar for Foreigners. Revised Edition. Beijing Language and Culture University Press, 2009. Paper. ISBN: 978-7-561-92163-0
- Chao, Yuen Ren. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968. ISBN: 0-520-00219-9. {ALEX PL1137.S6C5 1968}
- Claudia Ross and Jing-heng Sheng Ma. Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar. New York: Routledge, 2006.
- Huang, C. -T. James, Y. -H. Audrey Li, and Yafei Li. The Syntax of Chinese. Cambridge University Press, 2009. ISBN: 0521590582
- Kratochvil, P. The Chinese Language Today. {ALEX PL1087.K7}
- He, Wayne W., Dela Jiao and Christopher M. Livaccari. Structures of Mandarin Chinese for Speakers of English I. Peking University Press, 2010. Paper. ISBN: 978-7-301-17971-0
- Li, Charles N. & Sandra A. Thompson. Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981. ISBN: 0-520-04286-7 {ALEX PL1107.L5}
- Lu, Fubo 卢福波著. 《对外汉语教学实用语法》. Beijing Languages and Culture University Press, 1996. Paper. ISBN 978-7-5619-0474-9
- Yip Po-Ching and Don Rimmington. Chinese: An Essential Grammar. New York: Routledge, 1997. {Paul Robeson (Camden) PL1107.Y57 1996}
Morphology
- The Morphology of Chinese University of Michigan
- Morphology Chinese 101 101 Languages
- Chinese Morphology: An Exploratory Study of Second Language Learners’ Acquisition of Compounds National Chengchi University, Taiwan
- Dai, John Xiangling. 1992. Chinese morphology and its interface with the syntax. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, Columbus
- Duanmu, San. 1998. “Wordhood in Chinese”. New approaches to Chinese word formation: Morphology, phonology and the lexicon in modern and ancient Chinese
- Feng, Shengli. 1998. Prosodic structure and compound words in classical Chinese. In New approaches to Chinese word formation: morphology, phonology and the lexicon in modern and ancient Chinese
Dictionaries
- Monolingual
- 《全球华语词典》 (Global Chinese Dictionary)
- 漢典 (Handian Dictionary)
- 教育部重編國語辭典修訂本 (Dictionary of Mandarin from Ministry of Education, R.O.C.)
- Multilingual
- [7] English-Chinese Online Dictionary - TigerNT
- [8] Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, English-Chinese (traditional)
- [9] MDBG English to Chinese dictionary
- [10] Multilingual Chinese Dictionary
- Wordlists
- Vocabularies for 150 languages (Flashcard learning)
- Mandarin Swadesh list (Wiktionary, Mandarin--English)
- The most frequently used words with pinyin and english definition.
- Simple core word list COMMON ENTRANCE EXAMINATION at 11+ and 13+ MANDARIN CHINESE
Miscellaneous
- Duanmu, San. 1999. Stress and the development of disyllabic vocabulary in Chinese. Diachronica XVI: 1.1-35.
- Pollock, Jean-Yves. 1989. Verb movement, Universal Grammar, and the structure of IP. Linguistic Inquiry 20:365-424.
- Coblin, W. South (2000), "A brief history of Mandarin", Journal of the American Oriental Society 120 (4): 537–552, JSTOR 606615.
- Selkirk, Elisabeth. 1982. The syntax of words. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
- Standard Chinese (Wikipedia, English)
- 官話 (Wikipedia, Classical Chinese)
- 华语 (Wikipedia, Simplified Chinese)
- Kurpaska, M. (2010) Chinese language(s): a look through the prism of the Great dictionary of modern Chinese dialects. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/New York
- Escure, Geneviève (1997), Creole and dialect continua: standard acquisition processes in Belize and China (PRC), John Benjamins, ISBN 978-90-272-5240-1.
- Kaske, Elisabeth (2008), The politics of language in Chinese education, 1895–1919, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-16367-6.
- Kurpaska, Maria (2010), Chinese Language(s): A Look Through the Prism of "The Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects", Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-021914-2.
- Zhang, Bennan; Yang, Robin R. (2004), "Putonghua education and language policy in postcolonial Hong Kong", in Zhou, Minglang (ed.), Language policy in the People's Republic of China: theory and practice since 1949, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 143–161, ISBN 978-1-4020-8038-8.
- Chao, Yuen-ren. 1948. Mandarin Primer. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
- Chen, Yeh-ning, Shu-mei Wang, and Tsui-yin Lu. 2001. //Practical Audio-Visual Chinese.// Taipei: Zhèngzhūng Book Co
- Kratochvil, Paul. 1968. The Chinese Language Today: Features of an Emerging Standard. London: Hutchinson.
- Chinese Language website
- The Authentic Way to Study Mandarin Chinese
- Ethnologue entry for Aromanian
- Asterios Koukoudis: Studies on the Vlachs
- Greek Helsinki Human Rights Organisation: Aromanians (Vlachs) in Greece
- Conjugation of verbs in Aromanian and Istro-Romanian
- Romanian and the Balkans, with some references to Aromanian
- Consiliul A Tinirlor Armanj - CTARM , webpage about Youth Aromanians and their projects
- Armans Association from Serbia
- Armans Cultural Association from Romania
