Difference between revisions of "Mandarin Chinese"
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*[http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-chinese-traditional/] Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, English-Chinese (traditional) |
*[http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-chinese-traditional/] Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, English-Chinese (traditional) |
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*[http://www.mdbg.net/chindict/chindict.php] MDBG English to Chinese dictionary |
*[http://www.mdbg.net/chindict/chindict.php] MDBG English to Chinese dictionary |
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| + | *[http://www.chinese-dictionary.org/] Multilingual Chinese Dictionary |
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===Grammars=== |
===Grammars=== |
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*[http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-chinese-traditional/] Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, English-Chinese (traditional) |
*[http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-chinese-traditional/] Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, English-Chinese (traditional) |
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*[http://www.mdbg.net/chindict/chindict.php] MDBG English to Chinese dictionary |
*[http://www.mdbg.net/chindict/chindict.php] MDBG English to Chinese dictionary |
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| + | *[http://www.chinese-dictionary.org/] Multilingual Chinese Dictionary |
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;Wordlists |
;Wordlists |
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* [https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1 官話] (Wikipedia, Classical Chinese) |
* [https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1 官話] (Wikipedia, Classical Chinese) |
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* [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D 华语] (Wikipedia, Simplified Chinese) |
* [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D 华语] (Wikipedia, Simplified Chinese) |
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| + | * Kurpaska, M. (2010) Chinese language(s): a look through the prism of the Great dictionary of modern Chinese dialects. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/New York |
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| − | * Kahl, Thede - "Istoria aromânilor", Editura Tritonic, București, 2006; |
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| + | * |
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| − | * V. Papacostea - "Aromanian Documents" (1860 - 1870); |
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| + | * |
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| − | * CANDREA I.A. “Texte meglenite” in Grai si suflet, no 1 (Bucuresti : 1929). P. 100-127. |
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| + | * |
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| − | * CAPIDAN Theodor, “Meglenoromânii” Bucuresti : Academia româna, 1925 ; 1928 (Studii si cercetari ; 7). 3 vol. [1 : Istoria si graiul lor ; 2 : Literatura populara la meglenoromâni ; 3 : Dictionar meglenoromân.] |
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| + | * |
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| − | * CARAGIANI Gheorghe, “Intorno alla publicazione della Bibliografia macedoromena” in Balkan Archiv, neue Folge no 11, Hamburg : 1986. P. 247-278. |
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| + | * |
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| − | * CARAGIANI Gheorghe, “La soubordinazione circonstanziale ipotattica nella frase del dialetto aromeno (macedo-romeno)” Napoli : Istituto universitario orientale, 1982. |
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| + | * |
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| − | * CARAGIANI Gheorghe, “Gli aromeni e la questione aromena nei documenti dell’archivo storico diplomatico del Ministerio degli affari esteri italiano” in Storia contemporanea, no 5 (Roma : 1987) ; no 4 (1990). P. 928-1007 ; 633-662. |
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| + | * |
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| − | * DASKALESCU C. “ Scrisori din teara tintereasca si poesii noue [caractere chirilice]” Iasi : 1847. |
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| + | * |
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| − | * DIMA Nicholas 1978 “Romanian minorities in South-East Europe” in Buletinul bibliotecii române, vol. VI, serie noua, Freiburg i Br. : Rumänisches Forschungsinstitut, 1978. P. 337-366. |
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| + | * |
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| − | * NOULAS Vassilis (Hrsg.), “Aromounische Hirtenerzählungen aus dem Pindusgebirge : von Nereiden, Moiren, Dämonen, Drachen, Toten und Träume gesammelt” Zürich : Verlag Madliger-Schwab, 1981 |
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| + | * |
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| − | * POGHIRC Cicerone. 1990 “Romanisation linguistique et culturelle dans les Balkans : survivances et évolution “ in Les Aroumains, Paris : Publications Langues’O, 1989 (Cahiers du Centre d’étude des civilisations d’Europe centrale et du Sud-Est ; 8). P. 9-45 |
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| − | *[http://www. |
+ | *[http://www.chinalanguage.com/ Chinese Language website] |
| + | *[https://chinese.yabla.com/ The Authentic Way to Study Mandarin Chinese] |
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| − | *[http://www.vlach.gr Στα Βλάχικα - In Vlach: A website about the Vlach language in Greece] |
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*[http://www.ethnologue.org/show_language.asp?code=rup Ethnologue entry for Aromanian] |
*[http://www.ethnologue.org/show_language.asp?code=rup Ethnologue entry for Aromanian] |
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*[http://www.vlachs.gr Asterios Koukoudis: Studies on the Vlachs] |
*[http://www.vlachs.gr Asterios Koukoudis: Studies on the Vlachs] |
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Revision as of 08:11, 13 December 2015
Mandarin Chinese (Wikipedia:Mandarin Chinese) is a Sino-Tibetan language(Wikipedia:Sino-Tibetan languages). Currently there is no stable language pair in Apertium involving Mandarin Chinese (see list of language pairs).
General
- Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Mandarin Chinese". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- —— (1991), "What Is a Chinese "Dialect/Topolect"? Reflections on Some Key Sino-English Linguistic terms", Sino-Platonic Papers 29: 1–31
- Norman, Jerry (1988), Chinese, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29653-3.
- Ramsey, S. Robert (1987), The Languages of China, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-01468-5.
- Wurm, Stephen Adolphe; Li, Rong; Baumann, Theo; Lee, Mei W. (1987), Language Atlas of China, Longman, ISBN 978-962-359-085-3.
- Yan, Margaret Mian (2006), Introduction to Chinese Dialectology, LINCOM Europa, ISBN 978-3-89586-629-6.
Machine translation
- [1] Libtabe (SourceForge)
- [2] Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, English-Chinese (traditional)
- [3] MDBG English to Chinese dictionary
- [4] Multilingual Chinese Dictionary
Grammars
- Chinese Grammar Wiki All Set Learning
- [5] Chinese Grammar (Wikipedia)
- [6] ADVANCED CHINESE GRAMMAR
- Yue, Anne O. (2003), "Chinese dialects: grammar", in Thurgood, Graham; LaPolla, Randy J. (eds.), The Sino-Tibetan languages, Routledge, pp. 84–125, ISBN 978-0-7007-1129-1.
- Li Dejin and Cheng Meizhen. A Practical Chinese Grammar for Foreigners. Revised Edition. Beijing Language and Culture University Press, 2009. Paper. ISBN: 978-7-561-92163-0
- Chao, Yuen Ren. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968. ISBN: 0-520-00219-9. {ALEX PL1137.S6C5 1968}
- Claudia Ross and Jing-heng Sheng Ma. Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar. New York: Routledge, 2006.
- Huang, C. -T. James, Y. -H. Audrey Li, and Yafei Li. The Syntax of Chinese. Cambridge University Press, 2009. ISBN: 0521590582
- Kratochvil, P. The Chinese Language Today. {ALEX PL1087.K7}
- He, Wayne W., Dela Jiao and Christopher M. Livaccari. Structures of Mandarin Chinese for Speakers of English I. Peking University Press, 2010. Paper. ISBN: 978-7-301-17971-0
- Li, Charles N. & Sandra A. Thompson. Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981. ISBN: 0-520-04286-7 {ALEX PL1107.L5}
- Lu, Fubo 卢福波著. 《对外汉语教学实用语法》. Beijing Languages and Culture University Press, 1996. Paper. ISBN 978-7-5619-0474-9
- Yip Po-Ching and Don Rimmington. Chinese: An Essential Grammar. New York: Routledge, 1997. {Paul Robeson (Camden) PL1107.Y57 1996}
Morphology
- The Morphology of Chinese University of Michigan
- Morphology Chinese 101 101 Languages
- Chinese Morphology: An Exploratory Study of Second Language Learners’ Acquisition of Compounds National Chengchi University, Taiwan
- Dai, John Xiangling. 1992. Chinese morphology and its interface with the syntax. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, Columbus
- Duanmu, San. 1998. “Wordhood in Chinese”. New approaches to Chinese word formation: Morphology, phonology and the lexicon in modern and ancient Chinese
- Feng, Shengli. 1998. Prosodic structure and compound words in classical Chinese. In New approaches to Chinese word formation: morphology, phonology and the lexicon in modern and ancient Chinese
Dictionaries
- Monolingual
- 《全球华语词典》 (Global Chinese Dictionary)
- 漢典 (Handian Dictionary)
- 教育部重編國語辭典修訂本 (Dictionary of Mandarin from Ministry of Education, R.O.C.)
- Multilingual
- [7] English-Chinese Online Dictionary - TigerNT
- [8] Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, English-Chinese (traditional)
- [9] MDBG English to Chinese dictionary
- [10] Multilingual Chinese Dictionary
- Wordlists
- Vocabularies for 150 languages (Flashcard learning)
- Mandarin Swadesh list (Wiktionary, Mandarin--English)
- The most frequently used words with pinyin and english definition.
- Simple core word list COMMON ENTRANCE EXAMINATION at 11+ and 13+ MANDARIN CHINESE
Miscellaneous
- Duanmu, San. 1999. Stress and the development of disyllabic vocabulary in Chinese. Diachronica XVI: 1.1-35.
- Pollock, Jean-Yves. 1989. Verb movement, Universal Grammar, and the structure of IP. Linguistic Inquiry 20:365-424.
- Coblin, W. South (2000), "A brief history of Mandarin", Journal of the American Oriental Society 120 (4): 537–552, JSTOR 606615.
- Selkirk, Elisabeth. 1982. The syntax of words. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
- Standard Chinese (Wikipedia, English)
- 官話 (Wikipedia, Classical Chinese)
- 华语 (Wikipedia, Simplified Chinese)
- Kurpaska, M. (2010) Chinese language(s): a look through the prism of the Great dictionary of modern Chinese dialects. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/New York
- Chinese Language website
- The Authentic Way to Study Mandarin Chinese
- Ethnologue entry for Aromanian
- Asterios Koukoudis: Studies on the Vlachs
- Greek Helsinki Human Rights Organisation: Aromanians (Vlachs) in Greece
- Conjugation of verbs in Aromanian and Istro-Romanian
- Romanian and the Balkans, with some references to Aromanian
- Consiliul A Tinirlor Armanj - CTARM , webpage about Youth Aromanians and their projects
- Armans Association from Serbia
- Armans Cultural Association from Romania
