Languages of the Caucasus

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The Caucasus is home to a number of languages and language families. The term "Languages of the Caucasus" is mostly a geographic grouping and does not imply anything about the relatedness of the languages or even their similarity (due to processes like language contact). A division may be made between North Caucasus languages and South Caucasus languages. North Caucasus languages include Kumyk, Nogay, Karachay-Balkar, Avar, Chechen, Kabardian, Lak, Lezgian, Ossetian, Abkhaz, Adyghe, Ingushetian, etc., while South Caucasus languages include Georgian, Azeri, and Armenian.

Status

kum, nog, krc, ava, che, oss, abk, ady, inh, kbd, lak, lez, kat, aze, hye

Transducers

Existing language pairs

kum nog krc ava che oss abk ady inh kat aze hye
kum -
nog -
krc -
ava -
che -
oss -
abk -
ady -
inh -
kat -
aze -
hye -
eng hye-eng
12,218
kaz kaz-kum
8
nog-kaz
9
rus ava-rus
1,432
tur tur-aze
8,194

Endangerment

Language ISO639-3 Location Speakers Status
Ethnologue UNESCO
Laka lak Nigeria 5,000 6a (Vigorous) -
Nogay nog Russian Federation 87,410 5 (Developing) 2 (Definitely endangered)
Kumyk kum Russian Federation 426,550 5 (Developing) 1 (Vulnerable)
Ossetic oss Georgia, Russian Federation 577,450 5 (Developing) 1 (Vulnerable)
Kabardian kbd Russian Federation, Turkey 1,628,500 5 (Developing) 1 (Vulnerable)
Karachay-Balkar krc Russian Federation 310,730 4 (Educational) 1 (Vulnerable)
Ingush inh Russian Federation 322,900 4 (Educational) 1 (Vulnerable)
Avar ava Russian Federation 761,960 4 (Educational) 1 (Vulnerable)
Lezgi lez Azerbaijan, Russian Federation 788,720 4 (Educational) 1 (Vulnerable)
Azerbaijani, Southern azb Iran 16,913,280 3 (Wider communication) -
Abkhaz abk Georgia, Russian Federation, Turkey 112,740 2 (Provincial) 1 (Vulnerable)
Adyghe ady Iraq, Israel, Jordan, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Russian Federation, Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey 491,800 2 (Provincial) 1 (Vulnerable)
Chechen che Russian Federation 1,361,000 2 (Provincial) 1 (Vulnerable)
Georgian kat Georgia 4,237,710 1 (National) -
Armenian hye Armenia & Georgia, Russian Federation 5,924,320 1 (National) 3 (Severely endangered)

Examples

Language Text
Ossetian Адӕймӕгтӕ се¢ ппӕт дӕр райгуырынц сӕрибарӕй ӕмӕ ӕмхуызонӕй сӕ барты. Уыдон ӕххӕст сты зонд ӕмӕ намысӕй, ӕмӕ кӕрӕдзийӕн хъуамӕ уой ӕфсымӕрты хуызӕн.
Abkhaz Дарбанзаалак ауаҩы дшоуп ихы дақәиҭны. Ауаа зегь зинлеи патулеи еиҟароуп. Урҭ ирымоуп ахшыҩи аламыси, дара дарагь аешьеи аешьеи реиҧш еизыҟазароуп.
Georgian ყველა ადამიანი იბადება თავისუფალი და თანასწორი თავისი ღირსებითა და უფლებებით. მათ მინიჭებული აქვთ გონება და სინდისი და ერთმანეთის მიმართ უნდა იქცეოდნენ ძმობის სულისკვეთებით.
Armenian Բոլոր մարդիկ ծնվում են ազատ ու հավասար իրենց արժանապատվությամբ ու իրավունքներով։ Նրանք ունեն բանականություն ու խիղճ և միմյանց պետք է եղբայրաբար վերաբերվեն։