Difference between revisions of "Indonesian and Malaysian"

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This is a language pair translating between Indonesian and Malaysian.
''Description about this project will be added soon.''
 
  +
<!--
 
==Work Plan==
 
 
 
'''Community Bonding Period (April 24, 2012 − May 20, 2012)'''<br/>
 
'''Community Bonding Period (April 24, 2012 − May 20, 2012)'''<br/>
 
'''Week 1 (May 21, 2012 − May 27, 2012''')<br/>
 
'''Week 1 (May 21, 2012 − May 27, 2012''')<br/>
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* Adding more derivational subentries to the Malaysian monolingual dictionary.<br/>
 
* Adding more derivational subentries to the Malaysian monolingual dictionary.<br/>
 
A more detailed work plan can be found in [[/Work plan|Work plan]]
 
A more detailed work plan can be found in [[/Work plan|Work plan]]
  +
-->
   
==Morphology==
+
==Tagset==
  +
===Noun affixes===
  +
{|class="wikitable"
  +
|-
  +
! style="background:#efefef;" | Type of noun affixes
  +
! style="background:#efefef;" | Affix
  +
! style="background:#efefef;" | Example of root word
  +
! style="background:#efefef;" | Example of derived word
  +
! style="background:#efefef;" | Tag(s)
  +
|-
  +
|Prefix
  +
|per-
  +
|''ajar'' (teaching)
  +
|''pelajar'' (student)
  +
| {{tag|per}}
  +
|-
  +
|
  +
|peN-
  +
|''duduk'' (sit)
  +
|''penduduk'' (population)
  +
| {{tag|peN}}
  +
|-
  +
|
  +
|pe-
  +
|''nyanyi'' (sing)
  +
|''penyanyi'' (singer)
  +
| {{tag|pe}}
  +
|-
  +
|Suffix
  +
| -an
  +
|''bangun'' (wake up, raise)
  +
|''bangunan'' (building)
  +
| {{tag|san}}
  +
|-
  +
|Circumfix
  +
|ke-...-an
  +
|''raja'' (king)
  +
|''kerajaan'' (kingdom)
  +
| {{tag|ke-an}}
  +
|-
  +
|
  +
|per-...-an
  +
|''kerja'' (work)
  +
|''pekerjaan'' (occupation)
  +
| {{tag|per-an}}
  +
|-
  +
|
  +
|peN-...-an
  +
|''buat'' (make)
  +
|''pembuatan'' (production)
  +
| {{tag|peN-an}}
  +
|-
  +
|
  +
|pe-...-an
  +
|''layan'' (serve)
  +
|''pelayanan'' (service)
  +
| {{tag|pe-an}}
  +
|}
   
===Verb-forming affixes===
+
===Verb affixes===
{|class=wikitable
+
{|class="wikitable"
! Affix || Meaning || Example || Segmentation || Lemma || Translation || Analysis
 
 
|-
 
|-
  +
! style="background:#efefef;" | Type of verb affixes
| rowspan="4" | meN- || do something intentionally || membaca || meN+baca || baca (v.read) || v.read || baca<vblex><actv>
 
  +
! style="background:#efefef;" | Affix
  +
! style="background:#efefef;" | Example of root word
  +
! style="background:#efefef;" | Example of derived word
  +
! style="background:#efefef;" | Tag(s)
 
|-
 
|-
  +
|Prefix
| use something as a tool || memalu || meN+palu || palu (n.hammer)|| v.hammer || palu<vblex><actv>
 
  +
|ber-
  +
|''ajar'' (teach)
  +
|''belajar'' (to study)
  +
|{{tag|ber}}
 
|-
 
|-
  +
|
| become || mengecil || meN+kecil || kecil (a.small)|| become smaller || kecil<vblex><actv>
 
  +
|meN-
  +
|''tolong'' (help)
  +
|''menolong'' (to help)
  +
|{{tag|actv}}
 
|-
 
|-
  +
|
| go to a place || melaut || meN+laut || laut (n.sea) || go to the sea || laut<vblex><actv>
 
  +
|di-
  +
|''ambil'' (take)
  +
|''diambil'' (be taken)
  +
|{{tag|pasv}}
 
|-
 
|-
  +
|
| di- || done by someone || dibaca || di+baca|| baca (v.read)|| read [by someone] || baca<vblex><pass>
 
  +
|memper-
  +
|''kemas'' (tidy up, orderly)
  +
|''memperkemas'' (to arrange further)
  +
|{{tag|actv}}{{tag|per}}
 
|-
 
|-
  +
|
| ber- || || berdiri || ber+diri || diri (n.self)|| stand || diri<vblex>
 
  +
|diper-
  +
|''dalam'' (deep)
  +
|''diperdalam'' (be deepened)
  +
|{{tag|pasv}}{{tag|per}}
 
|-
 
|-
  +
|
| ber-R || || bermain-main || ber+main+main || main (v.play) || playing around || main<vblex><pl>
 
  +
|ter-
  +
|''makan'' (eat)
  +
|''termakan'' (to have accidentally eaten)
  +
|{{tag|ter}}
 
|-
 
|-
  +
|Suffix
| ber-an || reciprocal action || bertabrakan || ber+tabrak+an || tabrak (v.hit) || collide || tabrak<vblex><recip>
 
  +
| -kan
  +
|''letak'' (place, keep)
  +
|''letakkan'' (keep)
  +
|{{tag|kan}}
 
|-
 
|-
  +
|
| ber-R-an || reciprocal action || berpeluk-pelukkan || ber+peluk+peluk+kan || peluk (v.hug) || hugging each other || peluk<vblex><recip><pl>
 
  +
| -i
  +
|''jauh'' (far)
  +
|''jauhi'' (avoid)
  +
|{{tag|si}}
 
|-
 
|-
  +
|Circumfix
| ter- || unintentional action || termakan || ter+makan|| makan (v.eat)|| eaten (unintentionally) || makan<vblex><pass><accidental>
 
  +
|ber-...-an
  +
|''pasang'' (pair)
  +
|''berpasangan'' (in pairs)
  +
|{{tag|ber-an}}
 
|-
 
|-
  +
|
| ter-R || || terapung-apung || ter+apung+apung || apung (v.float) || float || apung<vblex><pass><stative><pl>
 
  +
|ber-...-kan
  +
|''dasar'' (base)
  +
|''berdasarkan'' (based on)
  +
|{{tag|ber-kan}}
  +
|-
  +
|
  +
|meN-...-kan
  +
|''pasti'' (sure)
  +
|''memastikan'' (to make sure)
  +
|{{tag|actv}}{{tag|kan}}
  +
|-
  +
|
  +
|meN-...-i
  +
|''teman'' (company)
  +
|''menemani'' (to accompany)
  +
|{{tag|actv}}{{tag|si}}
  +
|-
  +
|
  +
|memper-...-kan
  +
|''guna'' (use)
  +
|''mempergunakan'' (to utilise, to exploit)
  +
|{{tag|actv}}{{tag|per-kan}}
  +
|-
  +
|
  +
|memper-...-i
  +
|''ajar'' (teach)
  +
|''mempelajari'' (to study)
  +
|{{tag|actv}}{{tag|per-i}}
  +
|-
  +
|
  +
|di-...-i
  +
|''sakit'' (pain)
  +
|''disakiti'' (to be hurt by)
  +
|{{tag|pasv}}{{tag|si}}
  +
|-
  +
|
  +
|di-...-kan
  +
|''benar'' (right)
  +
|''dibenarkan'' (is allowed to)
  +
|{{tag|pasv}}{{tag|kan}}
  +
|-
  +
|
  +
|diper-...-kan
  +
|''kenal'' (know, recognise)
  +
|''diperkenalkan'' (is being introduced)
  +
|{{tag|pasv}}{{tag|per-kan}}
  +
|}
  +
  +
===Adjective affixes===
  +
{|class="wikitable"
  +
|-
  +
! style="background:#efefef;" | Type of adjective affixes
  +
! style="background:#efefef;" | Affix
  +
! style="background:#efefef;" | Example of root word
  +
! style="background:#efefef;" | Example of derived word
  +
! style="background:#efefef;" | Tag(s)
  +
|-
  +
|Prefix
  +
|ter-
  +
|''kenal'' (know)
  +
|''terkenal'' (famous)
  +
|{{tag|ter}}
  +
|-
  +
|
  +
|se-
  +
|''lari'' (run)
  +
|''selari'' (parallel)
  +
|{{tag|se}}
  +
|}
  +
<!--
  +
===Verb-forming affixes===
  +
{|class=wikitable
  +
! Affix || Function || Example || Segmentation || Lemma || Translation || Analysis
  +
|-
  +
| meN- || active voice || membaca || meN+baca || baca (v.read) || v.read || baca<vblex><actv>
  +
|-
  +
| di- || to be done by someone || dibaca || di+baca|| baca (v.read)|| read [by someone] || baca<vblex><di>
  +
|-
  +
| ber- || to convert noun to verb || berdiri || ber+diri || diri (n.self)|| stand || diri<n><vblex><ber>
  +
|-
  +
| ber-R || || bermain-main || ber+main+main || main (v.play) || playing around || main<vblex><ber><pl>
  +
|-
  +
| ber-an || reciprocal action || bertabrakan || ber+tabrak+an || tabrak (v.hit) || collide || tabrak<vblex><ber><an>
  +
|-
  +
| ber-R-an || reciprocal action || berpeluk-pelukkan || ber+peluk+peluk+kan || peluk (v.hug) || hugging each other || peluk<vblex><ber><pl><an>
  +
|-
  +
| ter- || unintentional action || termakan || ter+makan|| makan (v.eat)|| eaten (unintentionally) || makan<vblex><ter>
  +
|-
  +
| ter-R || || terapung-apung || ter+apung+apung || apung (v.float) || float || apung<vblex><ter><pl>
 
|-
 
|-
| meN-i || locative || mendatangi || meN+datang+i || datang (v.come)|| come (to a place) || datang<vblex><actv><loc>
+
| meN-i || || mendatangi || meN+datang+i || datang (v.come)|| come (to a place) || datang<vblex><actv>&lt;i&gt;
 
|-
 
|-
| di-i || locative, passive || didatangi|| di+datang+i || datang (v.come)|| visited || datang<vblex><pass><loc>
+
| di-i || passive || didatangi|| di+datang+i || datang (v.come)|| visited || datang<vblex><di>&lt;i&gt;
 
|-
 
|-
| meN-kan || causative || mendatangkan || meN+datang+kan || datang (v.come)|| make someone come || datang<vblex><actv><caus>
+
| meN-kan || causative || mendatangkan || meN+datang+kan || datang (v.come)|| make someone come || datang<vblex><actv><kan>
 
|-
 
|-
| di-kan || causative, passive || didatangkan|| di+datang+kan || datang (v.come)|| imported || datang<vblex><pass><caus>
+
| di-kan || causative, passive || didatangkan|| di+datang+kan || datang (v.come)|| imported || datang<vblex><di><kan>
 
|-
 
|-
| memper- || active causative || memperbesar || meN+per+besar || besar (a.big) || make something bigger || besar<vblex><actv><caus>
+
| memper- || to make less or more || memperbesar || meN+per+besar || besar (a.big) || make something bigger || besar<adj><vblex><actv><per>
 
|-
 
|-
| diper- || passive causative || diperbesar || di+per+besar || besar (a.big) || made bigger || besar<vblex><pass><caus>
+
| diper- || to make less or more, passive || diperbesar || di+per+besar || besar (a.big) || made bigger || besar<vblex><di><per>
 
|-
 
|-
| memper-kan || active causative || mempertanyakan || meN+per+tanya+kan || tanya (n.question) || v.question || tanya<vblex><actv>
+
| memper-kan || to change noun to transitive verb || mempertanyakan || meN+per+tanya+kan || tanya (n.question) || v.question || tanya<n><vblex><actv><per-kan>
 
|-
 
|-
| diper-kan || passive causative || dipertanyakan || di+per+tanya+kan || tanya (n.question) || questioned || tanya<vblex><pass>
+
| diper-kan || || dipertanyakan || di+per+tanya+kan || tanya (n.question) || questioned || tanya<n><vblex><di><per-kan>
 
|}
 
|}
   
 
===Adjective formation===
 
===Adjective formation===
 
{|class=wikitable
 
{|class=wikitable
! Affix || Meaning || Example || Segmentation || Lemma || Translation || Analysis
+
! Affix || Function || Example || Segmentation || Lemma || Translation || Analysis
 
|-
 
|-
| ter- || superlative || terbesar || ter+besar || besar (a.big) || biggest || besar<adj>&lt;sup&gt;
+
| ter- || superlative || terbesar || ter+besar || besar (a.big) || biggest || besar<adj><ter>
 
|-
 
|-
| se- || same || sebesar || se+besar || besar (a.big) || as big as || besar<adj><uni>
+
| se- || same || sebesar || se+besar || besar (a.big) || as big as || besar<adj><se>
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
Line 76: Line 260:
 
===Noun formation===
 
===Noun formation===
 
{|class=wikitable
 
{|class=wikitable
! Affix || Meaning || Example || Segmentation || Lemma || Translation || Analysis
+
! Affix || Function || Example || Segmentation || Lemma || Translation || Analysis
|-
 
| -an || entity || tulisan || tulis+an || tulis (v.write) || writings || besar<n><sg><ent>
 
|-
 
| ke- || abstract || kehendak || ke+hendak || hendak (v.intend) || will/intention || hendak<n><sg><abstr>
 
 
|-
 
|-
| peN- || actor || penjual || peN+jual || jual (v.sell) || seller || jual<n><sg><actor>
+
| -an || entity || tulisan || tulis+an || tulis (v.write) || writings || tulis<vblex><n><sg><an>
 
|-
 
|-
| pemer- || || pemersatu || pemer+satu || satu (a.one) || unifier || satu<n><sg><actor><caus>
+
| peN- || actor || penjual || peN+jual || jual (v.sell) || seller || jual<vblex><n><sg><peN>
 
|-
 
|-
| ke-an || abstract || kepandaian || ke+pandai+an || pandai (a.intelligent) || intelligence || pandai<n><sg><abstract>
+
| ke-an || abstract || kepandaian || ke+pandai+an || pandai (a.intelligent) || intelligence || pandai<adj><n><sg><ke-an>
 
|-
 
|-
| peN-an || process || pengiriman || pe+kirim+an || kirim (v.send) || delivery || kirim<n><sg><actio>
+
| peN-an || process || pengiriman || pe+kirim+an || kirim (v.send) || delivery || kirim<vblex><n><sg><peN-an>
 
|-
 
|-
| per-an || theme || pertokoan || per+toko+an || toko (n.store) || shopping centre || toko<n><sg><theme>
+
| per-an || theme || pertokoan || per+toko+an || toko (n.store) || shopping centre || toko<n><sg><per-an>
 
|}
 
|}
  +
-->
   
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
   
 
* [[/Pending tests|Pending tests]]
 
* [[/Pending tests|Pending tests]]
* [[/Previous Morphology|Previous Morphology]]
+
* [[/Previous morphology|Previous morphology]]
  +
* [[/Work plan|Work plan]]
   
 
==External links==
 
==External links==
   
 
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differences_between_Malay_and_Indonesian Wikipedia: Differences between Malaysian and Indonesian]
 
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differences_between_Malay_and_Indonesian Wikipedia: Differences between Malaysian and Indonesian]
  +
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_grammar Malay grammar]
   
 
[[Category:Indonesian and Malaysian|*]]
 
[[Category:Indonesian and Malaysian|*]]

Latest revision as of 18:02, 22 August 2012

This is a language pair translating between Indonesian and Malaysian.

Tagset[edit]

Noun affixes[edit]

Type of noun affixes Affix Example of root word Example of derived word Tag(s)
Prefix per- ajar (teaching) pelajar (student) <per>
peN- duduk (sit) penduduk (population) <peN>
pe- nyanyi (sing) penyanyi (singer) <pe>
Suffix -an bangun (wake up, raise) bangunan (building) <san>
Circumfix ke-...-an raja (king) kerajaan (kingdom) <ke-an>
per-...-an kerja (work) pekerjaan (occupation) <per-an>
peN-...-an buat (make) pembuatan (production) <peN-an>
pe-...-an layan (serve) pelayanan (service) <pe-an>

Verb affixes[edit]

Type of verb affixes Affix Example of root word Example of derived word Tag(s)
Prefix ber- ajar (teach) belajar (to study) <ber>
meN- tolong (help) menolong (to help) <actv>
di- ambil (take) diambil (be taken) <pasv>
memper- kemas (tidy up, orderly) memperkemas (to arrange further) <actv><per>
diper- dalam (deep) diperdalam (be deepened) <pasv><per>
ter- makan (eat) termakan (to have accidentally eaten) <ter>
Suffix -kan letak (place, keep) letakkan (keep) <kan>
-i jauh (far) jauhi (avoid) <si>
Circumfix ber-...-an pasang (pair) berpasangan (in pairs) <ber-an>
ber-...-kan dasar (base) berdasarkan (based on) <ber-kan>
meN-...-kan pasti (sure) memastikan (to make sure) <actv><kan>
meN-...-i teman (company) menemani (to accompany) <actv><si>
memper-...-kan guna (use) mempergunakan (to utilise, to exploit) <actv><per-kan>
memper-...-i ajar (teach) mempelajari (to study) <actv><per-i>
di-...-i sakit (pain) disakiti (to be hurt by) <pasv><si>
di-...-kan benar (right) dibenarkan (is allowed to) <pasv><kan>
diper-...-kan kenal (know, recognise) diperkenalkan (is being introduced) <pasv><per-kan>

Adjective affixes[edit]

Type of adjective affixes Affix Example of root word Example of derived word Tag(s)
Prefix ter- kenal (know) terkenal (famous) <ter>
se- lari (run) selari (parallel) <se>

See also[edit]

External links[edit]