Difference between revisions of "Finnish"

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[[apertium-fin]] is in [https://github.com/flammie/apertium-fin flammie’s github]
+
* [[apertium-fin]] is a conversion from omorfi: [https://github.com/flammie/omorfi omorfi], large coverage, experimental
[[giella-fin]] is in [https://giellatekno.uit.no giellatekno repository]
+
* [[giella-fin]] is in [https://github.com/giellalt/lang-fin giellatekno repository], more stable
   
==See also==
+
== Grammar stuff ==
   
  +
Common formulas:
   
  +
=== Numeral fix ===
   
  +
People working on morpholocally poor language falsely assume that you should use <pre>sg/pl</pre> distinction in numerals with assigning the word "one" to singular always and any other words to plural. As we know though, the plural singular distinction is morphological and not lexical, and it can be used in all numbers, so we need to fix this in most non-uralic–Finnish pairs like so:
=== Language pairs in the nursery ===
 
   
* [[North Saami and Finnish]]
 
   
=== Language pairs in the incubator ===
+
=== Negations ===
  +
  +
Finnish uses negation verb which needs to be translated from many languages from negation and verb together.
  +
  +
=== Possession structure ===
  +
  +
Finnish does not have idiomatic verb for possession, if apertium language to translate from has vbhaver it can be translated to omistaa initially and re-organised into adessive of owner and copula on.
  +
  +
=== Adposition to case suffix ===
  +
  +
Finnish uses semantic cases for what many e.g. IE languages use adpositions:
  +
  +
* houses -> talot
  +
* on houses -> taloissa
  +
* into houses -> taloihin
  +
  +
etc.
  +
  +
<pre>
  +
<section-def-macros>
  +
<def-macro n="adp-mangler" npar="1">
  +
<choose>
  +
<!-- adp to case mappigngs -->
  +
<!-- based on adp lexeme only -->
  +
<when>
  +
<test>
  +
<equal><clip pos="1" side="sl" part="lem"/><lit v="I"/></equal>
  +
</test>
  +
<let>
  +
<var n="adpcase"/>
  +
<lit-tag v="ine"/>
  +
</let>
  +
<let>
  +
<var n="maybeadp"/>
  +
<lit v=""/>
  +
</let>
  +
</when>
  +
<when>
  +
<test>
  +
<equal><clip pos="1" side="sl" part="lem"/><lit v="i"/></equal>
  +
</test>
  +
<let>
  +
<var n="adpcase"/>
  +
<lit-tag v="ine"/>
  +
</let>
  +
<let>
  +
<var n="maybeadp"/>
  +
<lit v=""/>
  +
</let>
  +
</when>
  +
<when>
  +
<test>
  +
<equal><clip pos="1" side="sl" part="lem"/><lit v="fra"/></equal>
  +
</test>
  +
<let>
  +
<var n="adpcase"/>
  +
<lit-tag v="ela"/>
  +
</let>
  +
<let>
  +
<var n="maybeadp"/>
  +
<lit v=""/>
  +
</let>
  +
</when>
  +
...
  +
...
  +
...
  +
<rule comment="adp noun">
  +
<pattern>
  +
<pattern-item n="adp"/>
  +
<pattern-item n="noun"/>
  +
</pattern>
  +
<action>
  +
<call-macro n="adp-mangler">
  +
<with-param pos="1"/>
  +
</call-macro>
  +
<out>
  +
<chunk name="adpnoun" case="caseFirstWord">
  +
<tags>
  +
<tag><lit-tag v="NP"/></tag>
  +
<tag><var n="adpcase"/></tag>
  +
</tags>
  +
<lu>
  +
<clip pos="2" side="tl" part="lem"/>
  +
<clip pos="2" side="tl" part="a_noun"/>
  +
<clip pos="2" side="tl" part="a_number"/>
  +
<var n="adpcase"/>
  +
</lu>
  +
<b pos="0"/>
  +
<lu>
  +
<var n="maybeadp"/>
  +
</lu>
  +
</chunk>
  +
</out>
  +
</action>
  +
</rule>
  +
  +
</pre>
  +
  +
The effective range of adposition to suffix mapping is a noun phrase:
  +
  +
* (a) green colourless dream -> vihreä väritön uni
  +
* in (a) green colourless dream -> vihreässä värittömässä unessa
  +
  +
but proper noun phrase is appositive:
  +
  +
* for Donald Trump -> Donald Trumpille
  +
* for president Trump -> presidentti Trumpille
  +
  +
in Nokia Finnish a reverse pattern is used (because computers cannot inflect variables a proxy word is inflected):
  +
  +
* user -> käyttäjä
  +
* to user Joe -> käyttäjälle Joe
  +
* file -> tiedosto
  +
* into file thesis.doc -> tiedostoon thesis.doc
  +
  +
it would not be incorrect to use proper inflection in these cases.
  +
  +
==See also==
   
* [[Finnish and Hungarian]]
 
* [[Basque and Finnish]]
 
* [[Finnish and Estonian]]
 
* [[Finnish and Udmurt]]
 
* [[Kven and Finnish]]
 
* [[Finnish and Komi]]
 
* [[Livonian and Finnish]]
 
* [[Hill Mari and Finnish]]
 
* [[Erzya Mordvin and Finnish]]
 
   
 
=== Languages in github ===
 
=== Languages in github ===
Line 29: Line 138:
 
=== Language pairs in github ===
 
=== Language pairs in github ===
   
  +
* [[North Saami and Finnish]]
 
* [[Finnish and English]]
 
* [[Finnish and English]]
 
* [[Finnish and German]]
 
* [[Finnish and German]]
 
* [[Olonetsian and Finnish]]
 
* [[Olonetsian and Finnish]]
  +
* [[Finnish and Hungarian]]
  +
* [[Basque and Finnish]]
  +
* [[Finnish and Estonian]]
  +
* [[Finnish and Udmurt]]
  +
* [[Kven and Finnish]]
  +
* [[Finnish and Komi]]
  +
* [[Livonian and Finnish]]
  +
* [[Hill Mari and Finnish]]
  +
* [[Erzya Mordvin and Finnish]]
   
   

Revision as of 10:29, 8 March 2021

Grammar stuff

Common formulas:

Numeral fix

People working on morpholocally poor language falsely assume that you should use

sg/pl

distinction in numerals with assigning the word "one" to singular always and any other words to plural. As we know though, the plural singular distinction is morphological and not lexical, and it can be used in all numbers, so we need to fix this in most non-uralic–Finnish pairs like so:


Negations

Finnish uses negation verb which needs to be translated from many languages from negation and verb together.

Possession structure

Finnish does not have idiomatic verb for possession, if apertium language to translate from has vbhaver it can be translated to omistaa initially and re-organised into adessive of owner and copula on.

Adposition to case suffix

Finnish uses semantic cases for what many e.g. IE languages use adpositions:

  • houses -> talot
  • on houses -> taloissa
  • into houses -> taloihin

etc.

  <section-def-macros>
    <def-macro n="adp-mangler" npar="1">
      <choose>
        <!-- adp to case mappigngs -->
        <!-- based on adp lexeme only -->
        <when>
          <test>
            <equal><clip pos="1" side="sl" part="lem"/><lit v="I"/></equal>
          </test>
          <let>
            <var n="adpcase"/>
            <lit-tag v="ine"/>
          </let>
          <let>
            <var n="maybeadp"/>
            <lit v=""/>
          </let>
        </when>
        <when>
          <test>
            <equal><clip pos="1" side="sl" part="lem"/><lit v="i"/></equal>
          </test>
          <let>
            <var n="adpcase"/>
            <lit-tag v="ine"/>
          </let>
          <let>
            <var n="maybeadp"/>
            <lit v=""/>
          </let>
        </when>
        <when>
          <test>
            <equal><clip pos="1" side="sl" part="lem"/><lit v="fra"/></equal>
          </test>
          <let>
            <var n="adpcase"/>
            <lit-tag v="ela"/>
          </let>
          <let>
            <var n="maybeadp"/>
            <lit v=""/>
          </let>
        </when>
...
...
...
    <rule comment="adp noun">
      <pattern>
        <pattern-item n="adp"/>
        <pattern-item n="noun"/>
      </pattern>
      <action>
        <call-macro n="adp-mangler">
          <with-param pos="1"/>
        </call-macro>
        <out>
          <chunk name="adpnoun" case="caseFirstWord">
            <tags>
              <tag><lit-tag v="NP"/></tag>
              <tag><var n="adpcase"/></tag>
            </tags>
            <lu>
              <clip pos="2" side="tl" part="lem"/>
              <clip pos="2" side="tl" part="a_noun"/>
              <clip pos="2" side="tl" part="a_number"/>
              <var n="adpcase"/>
            </lu>
            <b pos="0"/>
            <lu>
              <var n="maybeadp"/>
            </lu>
          </chunk>
        </out>
      </action>
    </rule>

The effective range of adposition to suffix mapping is a noun phrase:

  • (a) green colourless dream -> vihreä väritön uni
  • in (a) green colourless dream -> vihreässä värittömässä unessa

but proper noun phrase is appositive:

  • for Donald Trump -> Donald Trumpille
  • for president Trump -> presidentti Trumpille

in Nokia Finnish a reverse pattern is used (because computers cannot inflect variables a proxy word is inflected):

  • user -> käyttäjä
  • to user Joe -> käyttäjälle Joe
  • file -> tiedosto
  • into file thesis.doc -> tiedostoon thesis.doc

it would not be incorrect to use proper inflection in these cases.

See also

Languages in github

Language pairs in github