Difference between revisions of "English and Chinese/Contrasive Grammar"
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='''''Letters'''''= |
='''''Letters'''''= |
||
In Chinese, there is no such things as letters. Instead, symbols(Chinese Characters) are used to write. |
In Chinese, there is no such things as letters. Instead, symbols(Chinese Characters) are used to write. |
||
| − | * |
+ | * {{test|Eng|Hello|你好}} |
| − | * |
+ | * {{test|Eng|Goodbye|再见}} |
| − | *What is your name |
+ | * {{test|Eng|What is your name|你叫什么名字}} |
='''''The & A'''''= |
='''''The & A'''''= |
||
There is no use of the or a in Chinese. A is replaced by ‘one’. |
There is no use of the or a in Chinese. A is replaced by ‘one’. |
||
| − | *地球 |
+ | * {{test|Chi|地球|Earth (The Earth)}} |
| − | *宇宙 |
+ | * {{test|Chi|宇宙|Universe (The Universe)}} |
| ⚫ | |||
| − | *在房间里 In room (In the room) |
||
| ⚫ | |||
='''''Sentence Structure'''''= |
='''''Sentence Structure'''''= |
||
The order of words in Chinese are sometimes different from that in English. |
The order of words in Chinese are sometimes different from that in English. |
||
| − | *两名同学昨天在教室里吃饭。Two students yesterday in the classroom ate. |
+ | * {{test|Chi|两名同学昨天在教室里吃饭。|Two students yesterday in the classroom ate.}} |
| − | *我很喜欢它。 |
+ | * {{test|Chi|我很喜欢它。|I very like it.}} |
| − | *他乖得很。 |
+ | * {{test|Chi|他乖得很。|He is obedient very.}} |
='''''Pronunciations'''''= |
='''''Pronunciations'''''= |
||
| Line 38: | Line 37: | ||
In Chinese, when a passive voice is written, the object is usually followed by ‘by’ and then the subject. What follows are the verbs. |
In Chinese, when a passive voice is written, the object is usually followed by ‘by’ and then the subject. What follows are the verbs. |
||
| − | *饭被我吃了 |
+ | *{{test|Chi|饭被我吃了|The food by me eaten (The food is eaten by me)}} |
| − | *笔被我拿了 |
+ | *{{test|Chi|笔被我拿了|The pen by me taken (The pen is taken by me)}} |
| − | *我被他骗了 |
+ | *{{test|Chi|我被他骗了|I by him tricked (I was tricked by him)}} |
='''''Pronoun'''''= |
='''''Pronoun'''''= |
||
| Line 68: | Line 67: | ||
='''''Verbs'''''= |
='''''Verbs'''''= |
||
In Chinese, multiple verbs could be used in one sentence without using a connector such as ‘and’ or ‘but’. |
In Chinese, multiple verbs could be used in one sentence without using a connector such as ‘and’ or ‘but’. |
||
| − | *他吃饭吃得真快。 |
+ | *{{test|Chi|他吃饭吃得真快。|He eat food eats really fast. (He eats food really fast).}} |
| − | *你爬树，我上房。 |
+ | *{{test|Chi|你爬树，我上房。|You climb the tree, I go to the roof.(You climb the tree while I go to the roof.).}} |
| − | *欲得天下，先取荆州。 |
+ | *{{test|Chi|欲得天下，先取荆州。|Want to conquer the world, get Jingzhou first.(If you want to conquer the world, get Jingzhou first.).}} |
=''''Be-Verbs'''''= |
=''''Be-Verbs'''''= |
||
Be-Verbs are sometimes not required in Chinese sentences. |
Be-Verbs are sometimes not required in Chinese sentences. |
||
| − | *我在做作业 |
+ | *{{test|Chi|我在做作业|I do homework now (I am doing homework now)}} |
| − | *我要去医院 |
+ | *{{test|Chi|我要去医院|I going to hospital (I am going to the hospital)}} |
| − | *当时我在法国 |
+ | *{{test|Chi|当时我在法国|I in France then (I was in France then)}} |
='''''Tenses'''''= |
='''''Tenses'''''= |
||
In Chinese, there are no tense used. Instead, words such as ‘already’ or ‘just now’ are used to express the time but the verbs do not change according to the tenses. |
In Chinese, there are no tense used. Instead, words such as ‘already’ or ‘just now’ are used to express the time but the verbs do not change according to the tenses. |
||
| − | *我吃过饭了(I have already eat(en)) |
+ | *{{test|Chi|我吃过饭了|(I have already eat(en))}} |
| − | *我刚刚在吃饭(I (was) eat(ing) just now) |
+ | *{{test|Chi|我刚刚在吃饭|(I (was) eat(ing) just now)}} |
| − | *我正要吃饭 |
+ | *{{test|Chi|我正要吃饭|(I (am) going to eat)}} |
='''''Rhetorical Questions'''''= |
='''''Rhetorical Questions'''''= |
||
In Chinese, when a rhetorical question is asked, is the answer is positive, the answer has to be in positive. If it is negative, then it will be answered in negative. |
In Chinese, when a rhetorical question is asked, is the answer is positive, the answer has to be in positive. If it is negative, then it will be answered in negative. |
||
| − | *你没读过这本书吗？是，没读过。 |
+ | *{{test|Chi|你没读过这本书吗？是，没读过。|Haven’t you read this book? Yes, I haven’t. (No, I haven’t.)}} |
| − | *你不会吗？不，我会。Don’t you know it? No, I know it. (Yes, I know it.) |
+ | *{{test|Chi|你不会吗？不，我会。|Don’t you know it? No, I know it. (Yes, I know it.)}} |
| − | *你不好吗？是，我不好。Aren’t you doing well? Yes, I’m not.(No, I’m not.) |
+ | *{{test|Chi|你不好吗？是，我不好。|Aren’t you doing well? Yes, I’m not.(No, I’m not.)}} |
='''''Singular and Plural'''''= |
='''''Singular and Plural'''''= |
||
| Line 104: | Line 103: | ||
='''''Too...to'''''= |
='''''Too...to'''''= |
||
In Chinese there is no such sentence structure as too...to. |
In Chinese there is no such sentence structure as too...to. |
||
| − | *他太累了，跑不动了。 |
+ | *{{test|Chi|他太累了，跑不动了。|He is too tired. He cannot run anymore.}} |
| − | *他太饱了，吃不下了。 |
+ | *{{test|Chi|他太饱了，吃不下了。|He is too full. He cannot eat anymore.}} |
| − | *这个东西太大了，放不下了。 |
+ | *{{test|Chi|这个东西太大了，放不下了。|This thing is too big. It cannot fit into this place.}} |
='''''Clause'''''= |
='''''Clause'''''= |
||
The clause is usually in front of the noun in Chinese. |
The clause is usually in front of the noun in Chinese. |
||
| − | *那个在跑步的人是个运动员。That running person is an athlete. (The person who is running is an athlete.) |
+ | *{{test|Chi|那个在跑步的人是个运动员。|That running person is an athlete. (The person who is running is an athlete.)}} |
| − | *说中文的那个人 |
+ | *{{test|Chi|说中文的那个人|Speak Chinese that person (The person who speaks Chinese)}} |
| − | *遛狗的那个人住在附近。Walking with a dog that person lives nearby.(The person who is walking with a dog lives nearby.) |
+ | *{{test|Chi|遛狗的那个人住在附近。|Walking with a dog that person lives nearby.(The person who is walking with a dog lives nearby.)}} |
='''''Subjects'''''= |
='''''Subjects'''''= |
||
Sometimes the Chinese sentences have no subjects, but it is still considered as a complete sentence. |
Sometimes the Chinese sentences have no subjects, but it is still considered as a complete sentence. |
||
| − | *由于时间紧张，导致没能做完作业，请老师原谅。Due to the insufficient time, (our) homework is not done, please forgive (us). |
+ | *{{test|Chi|由于时间紧张，导致没能做完作业，请老师原谅。|Due to the insufficient time, (our) homework is not done, please forgive (us).}} |
| − | *一起去吃饭吧。 |
+ | *{{test|Chi|一起去吃饭吧。|Let (us) go to eat.}} |
| − | *因为资金不足导致任务失败。(We) Do not have enough financial support thus (we) did not complete the project. |
+ | *{{test|Chi|因为资金不足导致任务失败。|(We) Do not have enough financial support thus (we) did not complete the project.}} |
Revision as of 14:31, 14 January 2015
Contents
Intro
This page lists out the differences between English and Chinese.
Letters
In Chinese, there is no such things as letters. Instead, symbols(Chinese Characters) are used to write.
- (Eng) Hello → 你好
- (Eng) Goodbye → 再见
- (Eng) What is your name → 你叫什么名字
The & A
There is no use of the or a in Chinese. A is replaced by ‘one’.
- (Chi) 地球 → Earth (The Earth)
- (Chi) 宇宙 → Universe (The Universe)
- (Chi) 一座山 → One mountain (A mountain)
Sentence Structure
The order of words in Chinese are sometimes different from that in English.
- (Chi) 两名同学昨天在教室里吃饭。 → Two students yesterday in the classroom ate.
- (Chi) 我很喜欢它。 → I very like it.
- (Chi) 他乖得很。 → He is obedient very.
Pronunciations
In Chinese the symbols are indicated by Pinyin to show their pronunciations. The Pinyin are like English letters but they have a different pronunciation. They have similar usage as the phonetic symbols in English.
- a (ah)
- o (oh)
- e (eh)
- i (yi)
- u (wu)
- ü (yu)
- 你好 (ní hǎo)
- 再见（zài jiàn)
Etc.
Passive Voice
In Chinese, when a passive voice is written, the object is usually followed by ‘by’ and then the subject. What follows are the verbs.
- (Chi) 饭被我吃了 → The food by me eaten (The food is eaten by me)
- (Chi) 笔被我拿了 → The pen by me taken (The pen is taken by me)
- (Chi) 我被他骗了 → I by him tricked (I was tricked by him)
Pronoun
In Chinese, there is a larger variety of pronouns used to express I, you, he, she and they than in English.
I:
- 我 (I)
- 吾 (Ancient way of I)
- 俺 (I, mostly used by less educated or unconstrained people)
- 老夫(I, used by older people)
- 小生(I, used by younger people)
Etc.
You:
- 你(You)
- 汝(Ancient way of You, same as ‘thee’)
- 君(Polite way of You)
- 足下(Polite way of You, used in ancient times)
- 阁下(Polite way of You)
Etc.
They:
- 他们(They, used for males or male and female mix)
- 她们(They, used for females)
Etc.
Verbs
In Chinese, multiple verbs could be used in one sentence without using a connector such as ‘and’ or ‘but’.
- (Chi) 他吃饭吃得真快。 → He eat food eats really fast. (He eats food really fast).
- (Chi) 你爬树，我上房。 → You climb the tree, I go to the roof.(You climb the tree while I go to the roof.).
- (Chi) 欲得天下，先取荆州。 → Want to conquer the world, get Jingzhou first.(If you want to conquer the world, get Jingzhou first.).
'Be-Verbs
Be-Verbs are sometimes not required in Chinese sentences.
- (Chi) 我在做作业 → I do homework now (I am doing homework now)
- (Chi) 我要去医院 → I going to hospital (I am going to the hospital)
- (Chi) 当时我在法国 → I in France then (I was in France then)
Tenses
In Chinese, there are no tense used. Instead, words such as ‘already’ or ‘just now’ are used to express the time but the verbs do not change according to the tenses.
- (Chi) 我吃过饭了 → (I have already eat(en))
- (Chi) 我刚刚在吃饭 → (I (was) eat(ing) just now)
- (Chi) 我正要吃饭 → (I (am) going to eat)
Rhetorical Questions
In Chinese, when a rhetorical question is asked, is the answer is positive, the answer has to be in positive. If it is negative, then it will be answered in negative.
- (Chi) 你没读过这本书吗？是，没读过。 → Haven’t you read this book? Yes, I haven’t. (No, I haven’t.)
- (Chi) 你不会吗？不，我会。 → Don’t you know it? No, I know it. (Yes, I know it.)
- (Chi) 你不好吗？是，我不好。 → Aren’t you doing well? Yes, I’m not.(No, I’m not.)
Singular and Plural
There is no change made to the noun for plural form.
- 一个球(A ball) 三个球(Three ball(s))
- 一个人(A person) 三个人(Three person(people))
- 一条狗(A dog) 三条狗(Three dog(s))
Numbers
In Chinese, ten thousand(wan) is used as a unit instead of a thousand.
- 一万 10000 One ‘wan’
- 十万 100000 Ten ‘wan’
- 一千万 10000000 One thousand ‘wan’
Too...to
In Chinese there is no such sentence structure as too...to.
- (Chi) 他太累了，跑不动了。 → He is too tired. He cannot run anymore.
- (Chi) 他太饱了，吃不下了。 → He is too full. He cannot eat anymore.
- (Chi) 这个东西太大了，放不下了。 → This thing is too big. It cannot fit into this place.
Clause
The clause is usually in front of the noun in Chinese.
- (Chi) 那个在跑步的人是个运动员。 → That running person is an athlete. (The person who is running is an athlete.)
- (Chi) 说中文的那个人 → Speak Chinese that person (The person who speaks Chinese)
- (Chi) 遛狗的那个人住在附近。 → Walking with a dog that person lives nearby.(The person who is walking with a dog lives nearby.)
Subjects
Sometimes the Chinese sentences have no subjects, but it is still considered as a complete sentence.
- (Chi) 由于时间紧张，导致没能做完作业，请老师原谅。 → Due to the insufficient time, (our) homework is not done, please forgive (us).
- (Chi) 一起去吃饭吧。 → Let (us) go to eat.
- (Chi) 因为资金不足导致任务失败。 → (We) Do not have enough financial support thus (we) did not complete the project.
